U.S. patent number 3,767,894 [Application Number 05/290,193] was granted by the patent office on 1973-10-23 for combination electric water heater and electric space heater.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Carrier Corporation. Invention is credited to Isaac Berger.
United States Patent |
3,767,894 |
Berger |
October 23, 1973 |
COMBINATION ELECTRIC WATER HEATER AND ELECTRIC SPACE HEATER
Abstract
An electric water heater and an electric space heater are
combined with a control system for supplying a combined
demand-limited electric current. The control system is arranged to
provide a predetermined desired priority to the various resistance
heating elements in the combined system so as to limit the total
electrical demand to less than the sum of the demands of all of the
heater elements. The arrangement avoids the need for subdivided
branch circuits with separate circuit breakers to comply with
electrical codes.
Inventors: |
Berger; Isaac (Hacienda
Heights, CA) |
Assignee: |
Carrier Corporation (Syracuse,
NY)
|
Family
ID: |
23114920 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/290,193 |
Filed: |
September 18, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
219/472; 165/65;
237/19; 392/360; D23/318; 219/485; 392/451 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H02J
3/14 (20130101); F24H 1/225 (20130101); F24H
6/00 (20130101); Y04S 20/242 (20130101); H02J
2310/14 (20200101); Y02B 70/3225 (20130101); Y02B
70/30 (20130101); Y04S 20/244 (20130101); Y04S
20/222 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F24H
6/00 (20060101); F24H 1/22 (20060101); H02J
3/12 (20060101); H02J 3/14 (20060101); F24h
003/04 (); F24h 001/20 () |
Field of
Search: |
;219/312,320,321,341,365,369,370,485 ;237/19 ;165/61,65 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Albritton; C. L.
Claims
I claim:
1. A combination electric water heater and electric space heater
comprising:
A. an electric space heater having a first electric space heater
element and a second electric space heater element;
B. an electric water heater having an electric water heater
element; and
C. a control system for selectively energizing the heater elements
in the system, said control including:
1. a space heater thermostat having a switch means associated
therewith adapted to respond to the demand for space heating
imposed on the system;
2. a water heater thermostat having switch means associated
therewith adapted to respond to the demand for water heating
imposed on the system;
3. said water heater element being connected in an electrical
circuit controlled by said water heater thermostat to energize and
de-energize said water heater element in response to the sensed
demand for water heating;
4. said first space heater element being connected in an electrical
circuit controlled by the space heater thermostat to energize and
de-energize said first space heater in response to the demand for
space heating; and
5. said second space heater element being connected in an
electrical circuit controlled by both said space heater thermostat
and said water heater thermostat to energize said second space
heater element only when said water heater element is de-energized,
whereby the total electrical demand by said combined system is
limited to a demand less than the total demand of all of the heater
elements in the system.
2. A combination electric water heater and electric space heater as
defined in claim 1:
A. said water heater having a second electric water heater element;
and
B. circuit means for energizing the second water heater element
upon a demand for water heating sensed by the water heater
thermostat only when the space heater thermostat senses a satisfied
space heating demand, whereby at least one stage of water heating
and at least one stage of space heating are always available upon
demand therefor, but the total electrical demand by the system is
always limited to a demand less than that of all the heater
elements in the system.
3. A combination electric water heater and electric space heater as
defined in claim 1:
A. said water heater having a second electric water heater element;
and
B. circuit means for additionally energizing the second water
heater element and for additionally de-energizing the first space
heater element upon a demand being sensed by the water heater
thermostat for water heating, whereby a demand for water heating is
given priority over a demand for space heating to limit the total
electrical demand on the system.
4. A combination electric water heater and electric space heater as
defined in claim 1:
A. said water heater having a second electric water heater element;
and
B. said second water heater element being connected in an electric
circuit for energizing the second water heater element and
de-energizing the first space heater element upon energizing of the
first water heater element, whereby energizing of the space heater
elements is preempted by a demand for water heating.
5. A combination electric water heater and electric space heater as
defined in claim 1:
A. said water heater having a second electric water heater element;
and
B. said second water heater element being connected in an electric
circuit for de-energizing said second water heater element when the
space heater thermostat senses a space heating demand, whereby
energization of said second water heater element is preempted by a
demand for space heating, so that at least one stage of space
heating and at least one stage of water heating is available upon a
demand being sensed therefor.
6. A combination electric water heater and electric space heater as
defined in claim 1:
A. said water heater having a second electric water heater
element;
B. said water heater thermostat having a second switch means
associated therewith adapted to respond to a greater demand for
water heating being imposed on the system than the demand to which
the first water heater thermostat switch means is responsive;
C. said second water heater element being connected in an electric
circuit with one of said second water heater thermostat switch
means to energize and de-energize the second water heater element
in response to said greater demand for water heating; and
D. said first space heater element being additionally connected in
an electric circuit with said second water heater thermostat switch
means to energize said first space heater element only when said
second water heater element is de-energized, whereby sensing of a
greater water heating demand by said water heater thermostat
preempts the space heating demand until said greater water heating
demand is satisfied, thereby limiting the total electrical demand
by the system.
7. A combination electric water heater and electric space heater as
defined in claim 1 including:
A. an electrically driven fan for passing air over said electric
space heater element and discharging the air into a space to be
heated; and
B. time delay relay means connected in an electric circuit with
said electric space heater element, for energizing said
electrically driven fan after a period of time has elapsed
subsequent to energizing of said space heater element, whereby the
electric space heater element is enabled to heat up for a period of
time before the fan discharges air into the space to be heated.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a combined electric water heater and
electric space heater having a control system which provides a
limited total current demand which is less than the total demand of
all of the electric heater elements in the system.
Electrical codes normally impose a limit on the current that a
single branch electrical circuit can handle. This requirement
necessitates subdividing the electrical power circuits for
supplying power to a unit having a larger electrical demand. Each
of the subdivided circuits is required to be provided with its own
power lines and circuit breaker protection systems. Consequently,
the installation cost of a unit having a maximum electrical demand
in excess of that permitted by a single electrical circuit is
substantially increased by the code requirements.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide a
combined electric water heater and electric space heater having a
control which avoids the necessity of multiple branch electrical
circuits by assigning a predetermined priority to the electrical
demand of its various component heaters.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A combined electric water heater and electric space heater is
provided with a control system for energizing the water heater
elements in accordance with the water heating demand and energizing
the space heating elements in accordance with the space heating
demand. In the basic embodiment of the invention, wherein the
system employs a single water heater element and two space heater
elements, the circuit assigns a priority whereby one space heater
element and one water element may be energized at any given time.
However, the water heater element is assigned priority over the
second space heater element so that the second space heater element
can only be energized in the absence of a demand for water heating.
Consequently, the electrical demand of the combined system is
limited to a total demand less than the sum of the demands of each
of the electrical heater elements, thereby avoiding the necessity
of multiple branch circuit service to the unit.
In other embodiments of the invention, which employ multiple water
heater elements as well as multiple space heater elements, various
other priorities may be assigned to conform with the requirements
imposed on the system.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates a combined electric water heater and electric
space heater;
FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic electrical diagram of a control
system for a combined system having three electric heater
elements;
FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic electrical diagram of a control
system for a combined system having four electric heater elements;
and
FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate modified electrical control circuits in
accordance with this invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to FIG. 1, a combination electric water heater and
electric space heater 10 has an upper housing shell 11 and a lower
housing shell 12 secured together by suitable means. Upper housing
11 is provided with an opening covered by grille 14 to admit air
into the interior of the housing. An arcuately shaped refrigerant
evaporator coil 16 is disposed behind grille 14 and a filter
element 17 may be inserted between the evaporator coil and the
grille as shown, or on the outside of the grille if desired.
Evaporator coil 16 forms a portion of a refrigeration system (not
illustrated) having a suitable remote condensing unit for supplying
liquid refrigerant to the evaporator coil through fitting 36 and
for withdrawing refrigerant vapor from the evaporator through
fitting 37 to cool a space being air conditioned. A fan 15 is
located in upper housing 11 within the arcuate section of
evaporator coil 16 for drawing air to be conditioned through grille
14, filter 17 and coil 16 into the interior of upper housing 11.
The air is then discharged from fan 15 through a suitable discharge
duct which is connected to joint element 19 formed on the top of
the housing.
One or more electric space heater elements 20 are provided within
the discharge passage 21 of fan 15 for reheating of air being
cooled and dehumidified or for providing heating of the air when
refrigerant is not supplied to evaporator 16. A suitable condensate
drain 22 extends from the lower portion of upper housing 11 to
remove condensate formed during the passage of air over evaporator
16.
Lower housing shell 12 contains a water heater tank 25 which is
insulated by a layer of fiber glass 26 from the exterior of the
water tank. One or more electric hot water heater elements 27 are
provided within the interior water heater tank 25 to provide the
required water heating upon a demand therefor. An inlet connection
28 is provided for supplying water to tank 25 and an outlet
connection 29 is provided for discharging heated water from the
tank. In addition, a drain connection 30 is provided at the lower
portion of tank 25 with a suitable valve to allow the tank to be
drained, and a pressure relief valve drain 35 is provided adjacent
the top of the tank. A removable access panel 31 is provided in
lower housing shell 12 to enable servicing of water heater elements
27.
Electric service is provided by connecting an electric power line
34 to a control compartment 32. In accordance with this invention,
it is contemplated that a single electrical service line will be
provided to the unit, even though the total demand of all of the
individual electric heater elements in the unit exceeds the total
current capacity permitted for a single electric power circuit.
Referring particularly to FIG. 2, there is schematically
illustrated an electrical control system 200 for limiting the total
electrical demand on the combined system to less than the sum of
the demands of each of the electric heater elements. Line current
from a single branch electrical circuit is provided to control
system 200 at terminals 201, 202. The basic system illustrated in
this embodiment includes a two stage space heater comprising
electric space heater elements 203 and 204 and the system includes
a single stage electric water heater element 205.
A water heater thermostat 210 has a first normally closed switch
211 and a second normally open switch 212, responsive to a sensed
demand for water heating imposed on the system. A transformer
having a line voltage primary winding 213 and a low voltage
secondary winding 214 supplies current for operation of the low
voltage controls in the system. The low voltage controls include a
manually selectable heat-cool switch 215 for selecting either
heating or air conditioning, as desired. Switch 215 is in a
position to provide heating, terminals 216 are connected at each
other, as illustrated in the drawing, and are in a position to
provide air conditioning when terminals 217 are connected to each
other.
Room thermostat 220 is located in the space to be conditioned for
sensing a heating or cooling demand imposed on the system. When
contact 222 of thermostat 220 is connected to the common terminal
as illustrated in the drawing, the space to be heated is cooler
than the set point temperature and a demand for heating is
indicated. Conversely, when the heating demand is satisfied or
there is a cooling demand imposed on the system, contact 221 of the
thermostat is connected to the common terminal. When switch 215 is
in the heating position, closing of contact 222 of the thermostat
to the common terminal energizes space heat control relay 223; and
when switch 215 is in the cooling position, closing of thermostat
contact 221 to the common terminal energizes air conditioning relay
224. It will be apparent that if air conditioning is not desired,
heat-cool switch 215 may be omitted.
A two speed electric fan motor 225, having a low speed terminal 227
and a high speed terminal 226, is provided for passing air over the
electric space heater elements and to the space being heated. The
low speed terminal 227 of fan motor 225 is in series with normally
closed air conditioning relay contacts 228 and the high speed
terminal 226 of the motor 225 is in series with normally open air
conditioning relay contacts 229. Consequently, fan motor 225
normally runs on low speed during the heating mode of operation and
is switched to high speed operation when air conditioning is
required. In the event that air conditioning is not provided by the
system, a single speed fan motor is preferably employed. Space heat
control relay 223 has a pair of contacts 230 in series with time
delay relay 233 and first space heater element 203.
When switch 215 is in the heat position and thermostat 220 demands
heating, as shown in the drawing, space heat control relay 223 is
energized and contacts 230 close. Closure of contacts 230 energizes
time delay relay 233 and first space heater element 203. After a
period of about 20 seconds, time delay relay contacts 234 close and
complete the circuit through contacts 228 and terminal 227 to
energize the low speed winding of fan motor 225.
Time delay relay 233 provides a period of time for space heater
element 203 to warm up before fan motor 225 is energized. This
prevents a cold blast of air from being discharged into the space
being conditioned before the space heater is sufficiently warm to
provide the required heat. In addition, closure of time delay relay
contacts 234 also completes another circuit through normally closed
switch 211 of water heater thermostat 210 to energize second space
heater element 204, providing the water heater thermostat does not
sense a demand for water heating.
In the event water heater thermostat 210 senses a demand for water
heating, switch 211 opens de-energizing second space heater element
204 and switch 212 closes energizing water heater element 205.
Consequently, only a single stage of space heating is available
until the water heating demand is satisfied, whereupon switch 211
again closes, allowing operation of second space heater element
204.
In the FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, modified embodiments of the invention are
illustrated wherein similarly functioning elements are designated
by similar numbers in the 300, 400 and 500 series,
respectively.
Referring particularly to FIG. 3, the control system shown therein
includes a second water heater element 306 in addition to first
water heater 305 and space heaters 303 and 304. This system also
includes a water heating time delay relay 335 having normally open
contacts 336 associated therewith.
In this embodiment, a demand for space heating by thermostat 320
energizes space heat control relay 323 which closes contacts 331
and opens contacts 330 associated with the relay. Closing contacts
321 completes the circuit through space heating time delay relay
333 and first space heater element 303. Energizing of the space
heating time delay relay results in closing contacts 334 after a
short period of time, which in turn energizes the low speed winding
of fan motor 325.
In the event there is no demand for water heating at the time,
closing of space heat time delay relay contacts 334 also completes
a circuit through normally closed water heater thermostat switch
311 and energizes second space heater element 304. However, if
water heater thermostat 310 senses a demand for water heating,
switch 311 will open to preclude energization of second space
heater element 304, and water heater thermostat switch 312 will
close, energizing water heater element 305 irrespective of the
demand for space heating. When water heater thermostat 312 closes,
water heating time delay relay 335 is energized, and after a period
of time, its associated, normally open contacts 336 close. If, at
the time contacts 336 close, there is not demand for space heating,
space heat control relay contacts 330 will be in their normally
closed condition and second water heater element 306 will become
energized. If, on the other hand, a simultaneous demand for space
heating is sensed by thermostat 320, space heat control relay
contacts will be open, preventing energization of second water
heater element 306.
Consequently, it will be seen that the control system of FIG. 3
assigns a priority to the space heater elements and the water
heater elements such that one stage of water heating and one stage
of space heating are always available on demand. A second stage of
space heating or a second stage of water heating is also available
providing there is no demand for the other heater elements. With
this arrangement, only two of the electric heater elements can
simultaneously operate, so the current demand by the combined water
heater and space heater is limited to the maximum demand of two of
the four heater elements.
In FIG. 4, there is illustrated a control system which assigns a
higher priority to both electric water heater elements than to
either space heater element in order to achieve the highest
possible recovery rate for the hot water heater. In this circuit,
the components are similar to those already described except that
the water heater time delay relay 435 has an additional set of
normally open contacts 437 which are in series with second water
heater element 406.
When water heater thermostat 410 senses a demand for water heating,
switch 412 closes and energizes first water heater element 405 and
time delay relay 435. A few seconds later, normally closed time
delay relay contacts 436 open and normally open contacts 437 close,
thereby energizing second water heater element 406. In the event
that thermostat 420 has sensed a demand for space heating, the
opening of contacts 436 de-energizes space heater 403 and opening
of water heater thermostat switch 411 de-energizes space heater
404.
The above described arrangement is particularly useful where the
storage capacity of the hot water heater is relatively low and the
heat storage capacity of the space being heated is relatively high
so that sacrificing space heating capacity for water heating
capacity will not unduly discomfort the occupants of the space
being heated.
FIG. 5 illustrates a control which represents a compromise between
rapid water heater recovery and the desire for continuous space
heating capacity. In this arrangement, a second water heater
thermostat 540 is provided having a normally closed switch 541 and
a normally open switch 542. Second water heater thermostat 540 is
responsive to a greater demand for water heating than first water
heater thermostat 510, and may be located at a different point in
the hot water heater tank such as the upper region thereof. When
there is a relatively small demand for water heating, water heater
thermostat 510 will be actuated, whereby switch 511 will open and
switch 512 will close. Opening of switch 511 will disable second
space heater 504 and closing of switch 512 will energize first
water heater element 505. In this manner, the system of FIG. 5
usually will be enabled to provide at least one stage of water
heating and one stage of space heating.
If, on the other hand, the temperature of the water in the water
heater drops still further, indicating a greater demand for water
heating, water heater thermostat 540 will cause switch 541 to open
and switch 542 will close. Opening of switch 541 will deenergize
first space heat element 503, and closing of switch 542 will
energize second water heater element 506. When the water heater has
partially recovered, water heater thermostat 540 will return to its
normal condition whereby first space heater 503 can again be
energized and second water heating element 506 will be
de-energized.
The arrangement just described has the advantage of sacrificing
space heating in favor of a high water heater recovery rate for
only a short period of time.
With each of the systems described, it will be seen that no more
than two of the electric heater elements can be actuated at a given
time, the various circuit arrangements predetermining the order of
priority for energizing the heater elements. Typically, the space
heater and water heater elements may have a current demand on the
order of between 20 and 24 amperes and the electric fan motor may
have a current demand on the order of 1 to 2 amperes. The current
demand from the total system will be typically limited to less than
48 amperes under any condition of fan and heater operation.
Obviously, other priorities and other numbers of heater elements
may be employed in the system and the circuitry and functions may
be varied to suit the requirements of a particular user so long as
the system is programmed to maintain a limit on the current demand
equal to or less than the maximum permissible current draw for a
single circuit under the applicable codes.
The arrangement described reduces the installation cost of a
combined electric water heater and electric space heater below that
of the same capacity components utilizing separate controls by
eliminating the necessity of separate circuit wiring with
individual circuit breakers for each unit.
While preferred embodiments of this invention have been shown for
purposes of illustration, it will be appreciated that various other
circuits may be employed within the scope of the invention in a
particular application and that the invention may be otherwise
embodied within the scope of the following claims.
* * * * *