U.S. patent number 3,767,517 [Application Number 05/190,263] was granted by the patent office on 1973-10-23 for laminate of cotton paper core with resin phosphorescent material scribed to expose core.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Universal Oil Products Company. Invention is credited to Charles J. Williams.
United States Patent |
3,767,517 |
Williams |
October 23, 1973 |
LAMINATE OF COTTON PAPER CORE WITH RESIN PHOSPHORESCENT MATERIAL
SCRIBED TO EXPOSE CORE
Abstract
A phosphorescent material is added to the resin which is
utilized to coat the core material in an engraving stock. After the
surface material of the engraving stock is scribed into words or
signals and the core material is exposed, the latter will
phosphoresce in a subnormal amount of light.
Inventors: |
Williams; Charles J. (Lacrosse,
WI) |
Assignee: |
Universal Oil Products Company
(Des Plaines, IL)
|
Family
ID: |
22700622 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/190,263 |
Filed: |
October 18, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
428/413; 8/496;
156/67; 428/199; 428/913; 8/478; 8/648; 427/157; 428/531 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C09K
11/7414 (20130101); C09D 5/22 (20130101); C09K
11/7421 (20130101); B44F 1/00 (20130101); G09F
13/20 (20130101); Y10T 428/31967 (20150401); Y10T
428/24835 (20150115); Y10S 428/913 (20130101); Y10T
428/31511 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
C09D
5/22 (20060101); B44F 1/00 (20060101); C09K
11/74 (20060101); G09F 13/20 (20060101); B44f
001/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;8/1W,4,116P
;161/184,270,164,191,410,413,2,5,6,259,265 ;117/33.5R
;156/67,62 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lesmes; George F.
Assistant Examiner: Ives; Patricia C.
Claims
I claim as my invention:
1. An article of manufacture comprising a laminate consisting of a
resin coated cotton paper core material and a surface material
bonded to said core material, said resin selected from the group
consisting of epoxy resin and phenolic-melamine resin, said resin
containing a phosphorescent material selected from the group
consisting of strontium sulfide activated with bismuth, barium
sulfide activated with bismuth and zinc sulfide activated with
bismuth, said surface material being scribed to expose said core
material, said phosphorescent material being adapted to be
internally activated to luminesce in a sub-normal amount of light.
Description
This invention relates to articles of manufacture and more
particularly to engraving stock. More specifically the invention
relates to engraving stock in which the core material is coated
with a resin which contains a phosphorescent dye material.
Engraving stock, which is a high pressure laminate, usually
comprises a core material which is bonded to a cover material, the
cover material either covering one side of the core or both sides.
The cover material is usually available in a wide variety of grains
or colors and the core material is usually in a contrasting color.
By scribing the cover material by any means, such as an electric
saw, sand blasting or machine engraving by pantograph, will result
in an article of manufacture comprising multi-colored signs, etc.
The thus formed engraving stock may be used as an effective means
of communication or identification and may be employed as
directional signs, room numbers, name plates, control panels,
plaques, diagrams, directories, etc., said signs being placed on a
wall surface or door in office buildings, hotels and motels,
hospitals, schools, etc. However, the signs, room numbers, name
plates, etc., usually require a relatively large amount of light in
order that the signs may be legible or easily visible.
In some instances, however, it is impossible to provide an adequate
source of light whereby the signs, numbers, etc., are readily
visible; an example of this would be the cockpit of an airplane in
which, especially during flights at night, it is impractical or
hazardous to have the necessary amount of light present in the
cockpit which would permit a reading of the instruments or signs.
This would also apply to the bridge of a ship, such as ocean-going
passenger liners, freighters, oilers, etc., or the cockpit of a
pleasure boat such as a yacht or motorboat in which an absence of
light in the bridge of the ship or cockpit of the boat is
necessary, in order that an adequate watch may be had on the water
ahead. Another illustration of an area in which an absence of light
is desirable are places of entertainment in which the stage is
illuminated by means of spot lights or foot lights and the
remaining area surrounding the stage outside of the immediate area
is in either total darkness or very dim light. In instances where
the absence of light is desirable or required, it is therefore
necessary that directional signs, signals, numbers, etc., be
illuminated by some other means.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide an engraving
stock which may be utilized for directional signs, numbers, etc. in
areas subject to either a subnormal amount of light or an absence
of visible light.
In one aspect an embodiment of this invention resides in an article
of manufacture which comprises a laminate consisting of a resin
coated core material and a surface material bonded to each other,
said surface material being scribed to expose the core material,
said resin which coats said core material containing a
phosphorescent material which is internally activated to luminesce
in a subnormal amount of light.
A specific embodiment of this invention is found in an article of
manufacture which comprises a laminate consisting of an epoxy resin
coated cotton paper and a surface material bonded to each other,
said surface material being scribed to expose said resin coated
cotton paper, the epoxy resin which coats said paper containing a
non-thermally degradable phosphorescent material, which is
internally activated to luminesce in a subnormal amount of
light.
Other objections and embodiments will be formed in the following
further detailed description of the invention.
As hereinbefore set forth the present invention is concerned with
an article of manufacture, and more particularly to engraving stock
which contains incorporated therein a phosphorescent material. The
desired engraving stock which contains the phosphorescent material
may be prepared by admixing a phosphor which is non-thermally
degradable in nature with a resin such as an epoxy resin, a
phenolic-melamine resin, a vinyl resin, etc., in an amount in the
range of from about 1 percent to about 3 percent by weight of the
resin solids. The aforesaid mixing can be accomplished by any
manner known in the art including physical mixing, by stirring, or
by any other adequate means. Examples of phosphors which are not
thermally degradable under the conditions of curing hereinafter set
forth in greater detail will include inorganic sulfides which have
been activated with other elements. Particular examples of
synthetic phosphors which may be utilized will include the alkaline
earth sulfides such as beryllium sulfide, calcium sulfide,
strontium sulfide, barium sulfide, etc. which have been activated
with various elements such as bismuth, copper, manganese, cerium,
europium, samarium, etc. In addition it is also contemplated within
the scope of this invention that other sulfides such as zinc and
cadmium sulfide which have been activated with bismuth,
phosphorous, ammonia, etc. may also be used.
The mixture which results from the admixture of the resin with the
phosphorescent material is then utilized to coat the core material
of the engraving stock. One method of effecting this coating or
impregnation is to charge the core material which, as hereinbefore
set forth, may comprise a cotton paper or any other type of paper
to a tank containing the resin-phosphorescent material mixture.
Following this passage through the tank, the coated core material
is passed through squeeze rolls, the space between said rolls being
of various thicknesses which will control the amount of resin
mixture which will remain on and coat the paper core material.
After passage through the squeeze rolls whereby the excess resin
mixture is removed, the coated core material is thereafter passed
into a curing oven wherein the resin is cured. In one embodiment
the curing oven will comprise two heating zones, the initial
heating zone being maintained at a temperature from about
220.degree.F to 240.degree.F. After passage through this heating
zone, the resin coated core material is passed through a second
heating zone at a slightly elevated temperature, the temperature of
the second heating zone being from 240.degree. to 260.degree.F.
After passage through the curing oven, the core material which is
coated with the cured resin, the latter containing the
phosphorescent material, is recovered. Thereafter, the core
material is cut into the desired size and shape and a sufficient
number of the core material sheets are stacked to give the desired
thickness of the core. If so desired, in another embodiment of the
invention, it is possible to utilize a core material which has not
been coated with the phosphorescent containing resin for the
desired number of sheets in the inner core, thus only utilizing the
resin coated core material as the outermost ply in the finished
core laminate. While it is possible to utilize various colors for
the core material, the preferred color for the core material will
be white, in order that it may afford the greatest contrast when
utilizing cover material of various other colors.
After completion of the preparation of the core material with the
predetermined number of ply to effect the desired thickness of said
core, a surface material which may also be of paper, plastic or any
other suitable material is bonded to the core material. In the
preferred embodiment of the invention the surface material will be
wood grained, leather grained or of a contrasting color such as
yellow, red, blue, green, gray, black, brown, etc. when compared to
the color of the core material in order that, after being scribed,
the core material will permit the various signs, numbers, names,
etc. to be easily legible in ordinary light. The laminate thus
prepared which comprises the two surface coatings and the core
material is placed between stainless steel plates which have been
treated with a release material such as a stearic acid solution to
facilitate removal of the stock after lamination and subjected to a
sufficient amount of pressure for a predetermined period of time
whereby an effective bond is formed by the surface material and the
core material. As an example of this step of the process, the
laminate may be subjected to a hydraulic pressure of from about
1,000 to about 2,000 pounds per square inch at a temperature in a
range of from about 270.degree. to about 280.degree.F. for a period
of from about 0.5 to about 1 hour. One percent strength is utilized
to release the thus formed lamanate from the stainless steel
plates. As hereinbefore set forth, it is to be noted that a
required characteristic of the phosphorescent material which is
admixed with the resin is that it must be nonthermally degradable
under the coating conditions and in the pressure conditions which
are required to effect the preparation of the desired laminate,
that is, said material must be able to withstand a temperature of
approximately 300.degree.F. and still retain its ability to
luminesce.
The thus formed laminate is then scribed by various means
hereinbefore set forth in greater detail such as by an electric
saw, sand-blasting, pantograph engraving, etc., whereby the desired
sign, number, name, diagram, design, emblem, trademark, etc. is
transcribed through the surface material and the core material of
contrasting color is exposed.
When utilizing the engraving stock in an area in which there is an
absence of said light, the phosphorescent containing resin which
coats the core material will luminesce and thus illuminate the
desired sign, etc. This luminescence will take place due to the
activation of the phosphor, usually by natural light which has
impinged on the exposed surface of the resin coated core material
of the engraving stock during the daylight hours. However, if the
particular engraving stock is positioned so that it is impossible
to activate the same by exposure to natural light the phosphor may
be radiated with an exciting light to activate the luminescence of
the phosphor. This exciting or activating light may be provided for
by a light source such as an ultra-violet light having a wave
length less than about 4,000A. and usually in a length from about
25000A. to about 4,000A. The ultra-violet light may emanate from a
low pressure mercury vapor lamp where the predominate emission is a
wave length of 2,537A., or from a high pressure mercury vapor lamp,
a tungsten lamp, a carbon lamp, etc. The thus activated
phosphorescent material will reflect a useful visible light of
constant intensity and will therefore render the desired sign,
number, name, design, etc. visible and readable.
As an illustrative example of an article of manufacture of the
present invention a core material comprising a cotton paper is
coated with resin mix which has been prepared by physically
admixing an epoxy resin, such as that resulting from the reaction
between chlorohydrin and bisphenol-A, and 2 percent by weight of a
fluorescent material comprising strontium sulfide which is
activated with bismuth. The coating step in the preparation of the
article of manufacture of the present invention is effected by
feeding the cotton paper through a tank of the resin-phosphor mix
and thereafter pressing the coated paper through squeeze rolls
whereby the excess mix is removed from the surface of the paper.
Following this, the coated paper is passed through a curing oven
which has a temperature at the inlet portion of the oven of
230.degree.F and a temperature of 250.degree.F adjacent to the
outlet portion of the oven. After removal from the curing oven, the
core material which is coated with the aforementioned
resin-phosphor mix is placed between two layers of a surface
material which also comprises a cotton paper and which is of a
contrasting color such as black as compared to the color of the
core material which is white. The three-ply of the laminate are
pressed between stainless steel plates which have been treated with
a release material comprising a 1 percent stearic acid solution and
pressed for 40 minutes at a temperature of 50 pounds of steam and a
temperature of 280.degree.F., the hydrogen pressure which is
maintained during the 40-minute period being 1,400 per square inch.
At the end of the 40-minute press period, the stainless steel
plates are removed and the stock is recovered. The resulting
laminate is scribed by means of pantographic engraving whereby the
surface material is removed to expose resin coated core material,
the particular design being scribed on the core material being a
directional arrow. The engraving stock is then cut to the desired
size and placed on a wall by any means known in the art such as by
the use of wood, sheet metal or machine screws, double sided
pressure sensitive tape, or by the use of an epoxy adhesive that
will adhere to plaster, paint, wood, glass, metal laminate, or
whatever the surface of the wall may comprise. The engraving stock
will luminesce in the absence of light due to the phosphorescent
material contained in the resin which coats the core material and
thus will afford a directional signal in the absence of light.
Alternatively if there is no natural light source available to
excite the phosphor, said phosphor will luminesce when exposed to
the activating rays emanating from an ultra-violet light
source.
It is to be understood that the above example is given merely for
the purpose of illustrating the present invention and that the
novel articles of manufacture are not necessarily limited
thereto.
* * * * *