U.S. patent number 3,766,918 [Application Number 05/177,984] was granted by the patent office on 1973-10-23 for self-aspirating hypodermic ampule.
Invention is credited to John D. Kessel.
United States Patent |
3,766,918 |
Kessel |
October 23, 1973 |
SELF-ASPIRATING HYPODERMIC AMPULE
Abstract
A self-aspirating hypodermic ampule which incorporates a piston
capable of limited resilient movement when a force is manually
applied to effect a hypodermic injection so that, when the force is
subsequently released, the piston retracts sufficiently to cause a
back flow or aspirating flow through the needle into the ampule for
blood detection; the piston including radial flanges the axial
sides of which converge to permit resiliant distortion and axial
displacement of the central portion of the piston before sliding
movement of the piston relative to the surrounding walls of the
ampule; the piston also being arranged for insertion in the ampule,
either end forward and its ends being shaped to minimize gas
entrapment thereby maximizing the effect of its aspirating
movement.
Inventors: |
Kessel; John D. (Camarillo,
CA) |
Family
ID: |
22650715 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/177,984 |
Filed: |
September 7, 1971 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
|
848052 |
Aug 6, 1969 |
|
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
604/125; 604/222;
222/386.5; 604/900 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61M
5/31511 (20130101); A61M 2005/3112 (20130101); Y10S
604/90 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61M
5/315 (20060101); A61M 5/31 (20060101); A61m
005/22 (); A61m 001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/218P,215,218R,218D,218DA,272,234,235,219,218M ;92/243-245
;215/52 ;222/386,386.5 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: McGowan; J. C.
Parent Case Text
This application is a continuation-in-part of my previous
application, Ser. No. 848,052 filed Aug. 6, 1969 entitled:
SELF-ASPIRATING PISTON FOR AMPULES AND HYPODERMIC SYRINGES, and now
abandoned.
Claims
I claim
1. A self-aspirating hypodermic ampule comprising:
a. an ampule cylinder;
b. a piston formed of resilient material including:
a central elongated imperforate core occupying approximately half
the internal diameter of the ampule cylinder;
a series of annular flanges integrally connected to the core, each
flange having an axial length approximating its radial dimension
and each said annular flange having an outer diameter normally
larger than the internal diameter of the ampule cylinder, whereby
the flanges are under radial compression when the piston is
received therein;
said flanges, when subjected to a first axial force insufficient to
effect sliding movement of the piston in the ampule cylinder, being
caused to undergo resilient distortion to displace an initial
quantity of fluid from the ampule cylinder, and, upon release of
said force, to restore to their normal configuration thereby to
aspirate the previously discharged quantity of fluid.
2. A self-aspirating piston, as defined in claim 1, wherein:
a. the surfaces of the flanges are essentially trapezoidal in
radial section.
3. A self-aspirating piston, as defined in claim 2, wherein:
a. the radially inner peripheries of the flanges have a lesser
axial extent than their radially outer peripheries.
4. A self-aspirating piston, as defined in claim 2, wherein:
a. the radially inner peripheries of the flanges have a greater
axial extent than their radially outer peripheries.
5. A self-aspirating piston, as defined in claim 2, wherein:
a. the core is solid from end to end, and on radial compression,
the piston ends assume a convex contour; one end, on application of
an axial force thereon, tending to flatten, causing the opposite
end to increase its convex contour to effect liquid
displacement.
6. A self-aspirating piston, as defined in claim 2, wherein:
a. the surfaces of the flanges define converging essentially
conical surfaces;
b. and on application of said first axial force to effect
displacement of liquid from the ampule cylinder, one surface of at
least a selected flange becomes increasingly conical and its
corresponding side is subject to decreasing radial compression;
whereas, the opposite surface of said flange becomes less conical
and its corresponding side is subject to increasing radial
compression; thereby providing a restoring force acting axially on
the piston to effect an aspirating movement of the piston.
7. A self-aspirating hypodermic ampule, comprising:
a. an ampule cylinder having a discharge end for a liquid initially
contained therein;
b. a piston formed of resilient material received in the ampule
cylinder and capping the liquid contained therein; the piston
having a central core occupying approximately half the internal
diameter of said cylinder and presenting essentially flat end
surfaces, and a series of annular flanges integral with the core
and having a normal outer diameter greater than the ampule
cylinder, whereby when the plunger is inserted in the ampule
cylinder, the flanges are radially compressed;
c. each flange having an axial length and radial depth which are
approximately equal;
d. and a plunger accessible from the end of the ampule cylinder and
having an essentially flat end surface for end contact with the
piston core to force liquid from the ampule cylinder upon movement
of the piston therein;
e. the plunger being responsive to a limited axial force to effect
resilient distortion of the flanges prior to displacement of the
flanges along the ampule cylinder to force an initial quantity of
fluid from the ampule cylinder, and upon release of such limited
force, to resume their normal configuration thereby to aspirate the
previously discharged quantity of fluid.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The desirability of providing an aspirating action in a hypodermic
syringe has long been recognized, as by doing so, one can detect if
the needle is properly positioned in the tissue, rather than
penetrating a blood vessel. This is particularly true when giving
local anesthetic injections prior to surgery. Should the medicine
enter the blood stream, it is carried away from the intended site
and distributes the effect. It is common practice to withdraw the
piston manually to aspirate the body fluid for detection of blood,
before completing the injection. However, this requires
considerable skill and an extremely steady hand, otherwise, the
injection may be quite painful. Also, in order to effect manual
aspiration the piston must be capable of being mechanically
attached to the plunger of the syringe.
Attempts have been made to produce a piston having an automatic
aspirating effect; one example is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
3,045,674. The piston here illustrated requires mechanical
connection to the plunger rod. The existence of this connection
materially interferes with self-aspirating action; that is, the
amount of resiliant deformation is so limited that the aspirating
action is minimal. Also, in order to effect mechanical connection,
end cavities are required which tend to entrap gas. Presence of
gas, whether it be an inert gas such as nitrogen, entrapped during
the initial filling of an ampule, or air which enters during
preparation of the syringe prior to injection provides a
compressible bubble which subtracts from the self-aspirating
action.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a self-aspirating hypodermic
ampule and is summarized in the following objects:
First, to provide a self-aspirating hypodermic ampule which
incorporates a piston having a relatively small central core
portion surrounded by flanges of relatively substantial radial
proportions, the axial ends of the flanges having axially
converging surfaces, whereby the core is supported for resiliant
movement.
Second, to provide a self-aspirating piston as indicated in the
previous object wherein its ends are arranged to minimize gas
entrapment.
Third, to provide a piston as indicated in the preceding objects
wherein either end may be inserted first into the ampule and
wherein either end is engageable by conventional hypodermic syringe
push rods.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side view of the self-aspirating hypodermic ampule
indicating essentially diagrammatically a hypodermic needle
inserted therein, remaining parts of the hypodermic syringe being
omitted.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the self-aspirating piston
in its normal state before insertion into the ampule, the ampule
being indicated fragmentarily for comparison.
FIG. 3 is another enlarged dissectional view of the piston shown
radially compressed within the ampule but otherwise in its normal
condition, the ampule being shown fragmentarily.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged dissectional view similar to FIG. 3 but
showing the piston elastically deformed by a syringe plunger, the
plunger being indicated fragmentarily.
FIG. 5 is a diagrammatical view of a cylinder representing the
volume of liquid which is displaced by elastic deformation of the
piston.
FIG. 6 is a diagrammatical view representing one of the piston
flanges in section to illustrate the restoring forces involved when
the piston flange is elastically deformed.
FIG. 7 is an enlarged sectional view showing one half of a modified
form of the piston in its free condition.
FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view showing one half of the
modified piston as it appears under radial compression, but
otherwise undestorted as it appears within an ampule, the ampule
being shown fragmentarily.
FIG. 9 is a fragmentary sectional view of the modified piston and
ampule with the piston shown in its resiliently distorted
position.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The self-aspirating hypodermic ampule includes an ampule cylinder 1
having a cap 2 at one end which secures a penetrable sealing disk 3
through which a syringe needle 4 may be inserted, the needle
forming a part of the syringe structure in which the ampule is
placed.
The ampule cylinder receives a piston 5 formed of an elastomeric
material of which a number are commercially available. For example,
natural or synthetic rubber may be used or plastic materials having
elastomeric properties, are suitable. An example is a
butadiene-styrene copolymer of the type marketed by Shell Chemical
Co., under the Trademark "KRAYTON."
The piston includes a cylindrical core 6 having a diameter
approximately one half the diameter of the piston; radiating from
the core is a series of integral axially spaced flanges 7. Three
flanges are preferred, although two or more than three flanges may
be used if desired.
Referring to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, the flanges
have radially outwardly converging axial surfaces 8. That is, the
flange surfaces in a normal state define cones. Alternatively, as
shown in FIGS. 7, 8 and 9, the flanges may have radially inwardly
converging axial surfaces 9. In either case the flanges are
essentially trapezoidal in radial cross-section.
The piston 5 is slightly larger in its normal diameter than the
inside diameter of the ampule cylinder 1. As a consequence, when
the piston 5 is forced into the ampule cylinder the flanges 7 are
radially compressed causing their surfaces 8 or 9 to assume a
slightly convexed configuration. Also, when either embodiment is
encased in the ampule cylinder its ends are essentially convexed as
indicated by 10.
When the embodiment of the piston shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 is in
its normal state within the ampule cylinder, the flanges are
essentially symmetrical as indicated in FIG. 3. If an axial force
is applied to one end of the piston, for example by a syringe
plunger 11, the frictional contact of the radial ends of the
flanges against the walls of the ampule cylinder, permits the core
of the piston to be forced axially a limited distance without
sliding movement between the flanges and the surface of the ampule
cylinder. This produces a resiliant distortion in each of the
flanges as indicated in FIG. 4. As a result the end of the piston
exposed to the liquid contained in the ampule produces an extended
contour 12. The difference in the normal contour 10 and the
extended contour 12 is utilized to produce an aspirating effect.
More specifically, movement of the end of the piston from the
contour 10 to the contour 12 causes a displacement of liquid from
the ampule which is injected through the syringe needle into a
patient. When the distorting pressure is removed by relaxing the
force on the syringe plunger 11, the piston returns from the
condition represented in FIG. 4 to the condition represented in
FIG. 3, but also indicated by broken lines in FIG. 4, producing an
aspirating or suction effect which withdraws a corresponding
portion of fluid from the patient into the ampule. If the syringe
tip has entered a blood vessel, a small quantity of blood will be
drawn into the ampule where it can be observed. If the liquid
contained in the ampule is a local anesthetic it is undesirable to
direct it into the blood stream, thus if blood is observed the
hypodermic needle is relocated by thrusting it past the blood
vessel whereupon a second test may be made if needed.
While desireability of causing the piston to perform an automatic
aspirating operation, in order to detect blood in the ampule, is
recognized, the amount of resilient movement to accomplish this
operation has been so slight that the test often fails. This may be
due to several reasons:
1. The existence of a small bubble of gas in the liquid may result
in mere compression of the gas bubble.
2. Unless the displacement exceeds the volume represented by the
bore of the hypodermic needle, a blood sample will not be
received.
By arranging the flanges so that their axial surfaces converge in a
radially outward or a radially inward direction and providing a
relatively small core, it has been found that the effective
resiliant displacement of the piston may represent as much as five
or more times the volume of the hypodermic needle, thus assuring
that an adequate sample of blood resulting from return or
aspirating movement of the piston is obtained.
By way of example: Assuming an ampule having an inside diameter of
0.250 inches, and assuming a resiliant axial piston displacement of
0.0185 inches, the cylindrical equivalent as shown in FIG. 5 of the
volume of the crescent shaped displacement shown in FIG. 4 is
approximately 0.0185 inches .times. 0.170 inches or 0.004 cubic
inches. Assuming a hypodermic needle to have an inside diameter of
0.010 inches and a length of one inch, the displaced volume is
approximately five times the needle bore volume, an ample ratio to
accomplish aspiration.
The trapezoidal configuration of the flanges plays an important
part in producing the desired aspirating movement of the piston;
thus, referring to FIG. 6, the solid outline represents
diagrammatically, a radial section of flange. If the flange is
deflected resiliantly without movement of its surface in contact
with the ampule, the flange will assume the position indicated by
broken lines. Applying the diagram to the embodiment shown in FIGS.
2,3 and 4, radial compression increases as indicated by the line C+
at the upper portion of the figure and decreases as indicated by
the line C- at the lower portion of the figure. Also, at the
corners of the figure a restoring compression force C and a
restoring tension force T occurs. If the axial surfaces were
parallel the radial compression throughout the flange would
decrease with axial displacement of the core. It is believed that
the increased radial compression C+ enables the core to move a
greater distance relative to the walls of the ampule than would
otherwise be the case and that this force coupled with the angular
restoring forces C and T at the corners of the flange insure an
adequate aspirating effect.
A similar effect is attainable with the embodiment shown in FIG. 7,
8 and 9. That is, FIG. 6 is applicable at least to the central and
top flanges if the drawing be inverted.
While particular embodiments of this invention have been shown and
described, it is not intended to limit the same to the details of
the constructions set forth, but instead, the invention embraces
such changes, modifications and equivalents of the various parts
and their relationships as come within the purview of the appended
claims.
* * * * *