U.S. patent number 3,765,299 [Application Number 04/758,656] was granted by the patent office on 1973-10-16 for universal applique armor.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army. Invention is credited to Zygmunt J. Fabrykowski, Victor H. Pagano.
United States Patent |
3,765,299 |
Pagano , et al. |
October 16, 1973 |
UNIVERSAL APPLIQUE ARMOR
Abstract
An envelope or panel member having formed therein a plurality of
angled hing slots adopted to loosely support armor elements
disposed in the designated holding slots. Air space areas within
the envelope can be sealed or filled with plastic, or the like,
depending on need for buoyancy to overall vehicle design. In this
developed form, a complete panel or envelope is ready for
application to the side of an armored vehicle.
Inventors: |
Pagano; Victor H. (Rochester,
MI), Fabrykowski; Zygmunt J. (Detroit, MI) |
Assignee: |
The United States of America as
represented by the Secretary of the Army (Washington,
DC)
|
Family
ID: |
25052575 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/758,656 |
Filed: |
September 6, 1968 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
89/36.08 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41H
5/0457 (20130101); F41H 7/04 (20130101); F41H
5/0442 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F41H
7/00 (20060101); F41H 7/04 (20060101); F41h
007/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;89/36R,36A,36H ;105/394
;109/49.5,78,79,80,82,83,84,85 ;114/9,10,14 ;52/627 ;244/121 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Bentley; Stephen C.
Claims
We claim:
1. An armored panel for use in combination with an armored vehicle
comprising,
An envelope-type armored panel to be positioned on said vehicle,
said panel having mounted therein a plurality of transverse
supporting members arranged within said envelope,
insert armor members positioned in said envelope,
opposed channel members having spring means mounted therein to
springably support said armored panel within said channel members,
and,
additional bolt-type means to prevent movement of said panel within
said channel members once said panel has been mounted in said
channel members.
2. An armored panel for use in combination with an armored vehicle,
as set forth in claim 1, wherein,
said envelope-type panel member has mounted therein a plurality, in
parallel, transverse supporting members,
and having additional armor insert supports diagonally disposed
within the spaces formed by said parallel transverse supports.
3. An armored panel as set forth in claim 1 wherein the plurality
of superimposed transverse supporting members are arranged in
parallel supporting relationship to receive and support insert
armor members.
4. An armored panel as set forth in claim 3 wherein the plurality
of superimposed transverse supporting members are arranged in
diagonal relationship with respect to the skin members.
5. An armored panel as set forth in claim 1, wherein, the spaces
formed between said transverse armor supporting members are adapted
to receive fill material for buoyancy to overall vehicle
design.
6. An armored panel as set forth in claim 1 wherein said
envelope-type panel comprises opposed front and back skin members,
a plurality of spar members disposed between said skin members,
said spar members having formed therein angularly arranged slots
adapted to receive in transverse relationship armor insert
members.
7. An envelope-type panel as set forth in claim 6, wherein, said
slotted spar members are arranged vertically and spaced apart
between said opposed skin members.
Description
The invention described herein may be manufactured, used and
licensed by or for the Government for governmental purposes without
payment to us for any royalty thereon.
This invention relates to armor, and more particularly to a new and
improved unique panel device which may be quickly detachably
secured to the outside of a military vehicle, or the like, to
provide added armor protection therefor.
The invention consists of a new and unique envelope or panel member
having therein a plurality of angled holding slots adopted to
loosely support armor elements placed in the designated holding
slots. Air space areas within the envelope can be sealed or filled
with plastics, or the like, depending on need for buoyancy to
overall vehicle design. In this developed form, a complete panel or
envelope is ready for application to the side of an armored
vehicle, the same being accomplished by inserting the envelope into
opposed rail or channel members attached to the side of the
vehicle. The panel is then locked in place by means of locking
pins.
The general purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a more
practical and economical means of applying known projectile
defeating materials and principles in combat vehicles. Underlying
projectile defeating mechanism for this concept has been tested and
proven under another development known as "Lightweight Applique
Ribbed Armor" and set forth in a co-pending application, Ser. No.
697,565 filed 9 Jan. 68. The present invention is viewed as a major
step forward over the above identified disclosure.
The design concept proposed herein eliminates design and material
problems currently being encountered in attempts to functionally
adopt ribbed and composite armor configurations in vehicles.
Specifically these involve difficulties created by the necessity to
fabricate by welding and/or to make special mechanical
attachments.
The above and other objects of the invention will more fully appear
from the following more detailed description, and from the
drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a view of a combat vehicle with the envelopes or panels
mounted thereon.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing how the envelope seats in the
lower envelope supporting channel.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the envelope per se.
FIG. 4 shows an insert armor element.
FIG. 5 is a cross section of the preferred form of envelope showing
the same mounted on a tank by means of upper and lower channel
members.
FIG. 6 is a cross section showing an alternate form of
envelope.
FIG. 7 is a cross section showing a further alternate form of
envelope.
FIG. 8 is a cross section showing a still further alternate form of
envelope; and
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of another alternate form of envelope
showing vertical spars therein.
Referring now to the drawings, the numeral 10 designates an armored
vehicle having mounted on the opposed sides thereof a plurality of
envelope or panel members 12, the same having mounted angularly
therein a plurality of support members 14, the entire unit being
formed of aluminum, or the like. Numberal 16 designates an upper
support channel or rail, the same running the entire length of tank
10 and having openings 24 therein to receive locking pins 22. A
lower channel member 20, is provided, the same running the entire
length of tank 10 and having mounted therein a shock-dampener and
holding spring 18. Numeral 28 designates cross webbing and holding
slots, air of fill spaces 30. Numeral 32 designates insert armor,
FIG. 4, the same comprising rectangularly shaped insert elements
adapted to be inserted in between and to rest upon supporting
members 14.
Alternate forms of prefabricated envelopes 12 are shown in FIGS. 5,
6, 7, 8, and 9, the same comprising the same type of envelope shown
in FIG. 3, but in FIG. 5 supports or webbing are used. In FIG. 6
the insert armor supporting members 14 are arranged to form a
succession of V-shaped openings into which are inserted insert
armor plates 32 in opposed position within envelope 12 to provide
additional means to shatter and break up a projectile after the
same has passed through the outer surface of the envelope. In FIG.
7, the insert armor 32 is supported within the envelope minus the
webbing 28. FIG. 8 shows the supporting members as superimposed
parallel transverse supports for use only on oblique vehicle
surfaces; and FIG. 9 shows a different type of envelope wherein
front 36 and back 38, skin members have sandwiched therebetween
spaced apart vertical spar members 40 having formed therein angular
slots 42 adapted to receive and hold insert elements 44.
The manner in which the device is used, is as follows:
It has been found that the optimum armor design for a combat
vehicle is to employ a combination of armor materials -- an outside
envelope or panel which provides a container adapted to uniquely
hold materials which will shatter and break up a projectile and a
back-up plate which will absorb the resultant dispersion of
fragments. Since aluminum is readily fabricated and performs most
effectively as an absorber of fragments, it has been the material
most often preferred as the inner layer or vehicle shell structure.
The outer layer or applique material, has been open to a broad
group of materials and configurations.
The common material prerequisite in these appliques is to reliably
induce projectile shattering. This has been achieved through the
used of high hardness materials. As indicated above, constructional
economics, ease of fabrication by welding, and ballistic
effectiveness support aluminum as the best choice for the basic
vehicle shell. Higher rigidity for the weight is also achieved.
As shown best in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 of the drawings, the
rectangularly shaped box-like envelope member 12, is formed of
aluminum, or the like, with angled holding slots 14 loaded with
metallic inserts or proven material type or combination 32, to make
the envelope an armor applique. These metallic elements extend the
entire width of the envelope 12 and are of the same configuration
as the holding member and can be of various thicknesses. The choice
of material used for the insert element is determined by
cost-weight characteristics necessary to achieve maximum break-up
of an impacting projectile while still retaining intact surfaces
for sustaining subsequent hits. Placement of these insert elements
is achieved by simply sliding or pressing in place within the slots
in the envelope one or more inserts in each angular support member.
A change or removal of elements when necessary can also be made in
similar fashion. Insert elements could be prepared from current low
cost 500 BHN alloy (i.e., XAR-30) steel, or harder (600 BHN) alloy
steel 0.45c, plain high carbon steel 1080 or ceramic tile (backed
with doron or high hardness steel). Air space areas 30 can be
sealed or filled with plastics depending on need for buoyancy to
overall vehicle design. In this developed form, a complete panel or
module of applique armor is ready for application to the
vehicle.
Application of envelope 12 to tank back-up plate 26 is achieved
through upper and lower support channels 16, 20, by pressing the
panel first into lower channel 20 against spring member 18, which
runs the entire length of the channel. Once the spring has been
depressed by the bottom of envelope 12, the envelope is tilted
forward until the top of the envelope engages upper channel 16 and
when pressure is released the envelope snaps into place, as shown
in FIG. 5. Or the reverse of the above would be satisfactory,
spring 18 could be placed in channel 16 and the top of the envelope
could be inserted in the upper channel and the envelope swung into
lower channel 20 and snapped into place. The panel is firmly
retained in place by insertion of locking pin 22 which pass through
opening 24 in the channels 16, 20, through the envelope and on into
back-up plate 26 to hold the envelope against movement.
The envelopes are secured to the back-up plate in series on each
side of the vehicle, as shown best in FIG. 1 of the drawings, and
can be secured to each end of the vehicle, if desired, for added
protection.
Although aluminum is suggested for use in fabricating the envelope
or panel, the container design offers many ways for lightweight
construction while still affording needed structural strength, such
as use of magesium, titanium or aluminum alloys fabricated from
sheet metal or fabricated by extrusion methods. It also suggests
alternate design embodiments which permit simple alteration for
improved ballistic design of new or established vehicle design by
simply spacing the panel from the back-up plate (primary vehicle
structure) or changing the material type of thickness of the insert
elements.
In the alternate type of envelope shown in FIG. 6, the holding
supports 14 are arranged within the envelope 12 to form a
succession of V-shaped openings adapted to receive insert armor in
opposed position also V-shaped.
The alternate shown in FIG. 7 discloses the insert supports in much
the same position as shown in FIG. 5, but without the transverse
webs, and the alternate shown in FIG. 8, wherein the spaced
transverse insert supports are located within the envelope parallel
to each other and finds usage only on oblique vehicle surfaces. As
to the alternate shown in FIG. 9, the same comprises a lightweight
construction consisting of two opposed skins 36, 38, having
sandwiched therebetween vertical spar members 40 having formed
therein slanted slots 42 through which are passed armor elements
44. Various types of materials and thicknesses can be used for the
envelopes structure and the slotted spar members provide for the
thickness, height, angle and center-to-center distances required to
locate the armor insert elements for the specific armor module
concerned. The longer length dimension of the spar may be flanged
to facilitate joining to the skins by mechanical (rivets, etc.) or
welding (resistance, spots, etc.) methods. The number of spars used
will vary depending on the overall armor module design that is
required. The spars are located and joined to the skins in such a
way that the insert element can be assembled through loosely fitted
slots without difficulty and without great force. The armor insert
elements can also be joined to the skin by welding to secure them
in their locations. Securing the armor elements can also be
accomplished by many other methods, for example, retaining plates
can be fastened at opposite ends of the skins and parallel to the
spars or after assembly of the armor inserts the end of the skins
can be coined or swadged to provide a retaining arrangement.
During an attack the fired projectile contacts first the outer
surface of the prefabricated applique envelope or container and
pierces same. It next contacts the inserted steel, or the like,
elements supported within the envelope which tend to shatter or
break up the projectile. The vehicle armor then absorbs the
resultant dispersion of fragments.
There has been disclosed herein a new and unique applique armor
comprising a prefabricated lightweight envelope constructed of
aluminum, or the like, having mounted therein angularly spaced
slots adapted to receive one or more insert armor elements which
may be inserted or removed from the envelope as desired, said
envelope being designed to be detachably affixed to the back-up
plate of an armored vehicle -- direct contact or some predetermined
space or distance -- the same being snapped onto the vehicle by
means of opposed supporting rails or channel members. The interior
of the envelope may be filled with various types of plastic
materials for added protection, if desired. The device provides
adjustable armor protection, the same being achieved by merely
altering the type of thickness of the high hardness armor elements
placed in the designated holding slots or spacing the envelope or
applique at some stand-off distance. The envelope concept
eliminates cost and complexities of extensive fabrication by
welding. As insert elements, high hardness metals or surface
treated metals or other desirable material combinations, i.e.,
ceramic - high hardness steel, high carbon alloyed steels,
carburaized steels, nitrided steels and roll bonded steels which
were impossible or too dificult to fabricate by welding are now
made feasible for application. This, in turn, can enhance overall
armor effectiveness. The design provides an armor applique in ideal
form for easy application to a vehicle structure. It is a
self-contained package which can be handled and transported or
stored in a convenient fashion and lends itself to rebuild or
modification in the field and is adaptable for use against all
small arms weapon threats. The small size of insert elements allows
customized treatment for optimum ballistic properties, minimizes
manufacturing problems encountered when either manufacturing or
fabricating an armor material in large sections (decarburization,
distortion, cutting, shaping, handling, heat treatment, equipment
availability, etc.), enhances the concept of stock piling armor
elements, bars of -- low cost 500 BHN alloy (i.e., XAR-30) steel or
harder 600 BHN alloy steel 0.45c, plain high carbon steel 1080 or
ceramic tile (backed with doron or high hardness steel) for ready
use either as a field item to armor or up-armor existing equipment
or for new design and assures high quality levels at minimal costs.
The external appearance does not reveal any salient armor feature
(retains a conventional plate look) and also offers inherent
buoyancy to enhance vehicle floatation requirements.
We wish it to be understood that we do not desire to be limited to
the exact details of construction shown and described, for obvious
modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art.
* * * * *