U.S. patent number 3,764,875 [Application Number 05/229,811] was granted by the patent office on 1973-10-09 for door operator.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Overhead Door Corporation. Invention is credited to Donald S. Harris.
United States Patent |
3,764,875 |
Harris |
October 9, 1973 |
DOOR OPERATOR
Abstract
A door operator for opening and closing an upwardly acting door
and including a power unit having reversible motor means for
driving the operator. The motor means is associated with a control
circuit which includes upper and lower limit switches actuated when
the door is in the opened and closed positions, respectively, which
limit switches are connected in parallel and control the reversing
of the motor rotation. The circuit also includes a reversing switch
for reversing the motor rotation and door movement automatically if
the door engages an obstacle during movement in the closing
direction. Control means are associated with the reversing switch
for deactivating same when the door is positioned closely adjacent
but slightly spaced from its fully closed position to prevent
undesired reversing of the door. The control means also includes
means for deactivating the reversing switch when the door is
positioned closely adjacent but slightly spaced from its fully
opened position.
Inventors: |
Harris; Donald S. (Dallas,
TX) |
Assignee: |
Overhead Door Corporation
(Dallas, TX)
|
Family
ID: |
22862762 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/229,811 |
Filed: |
February 28, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
318/266 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E05F
15/41 (20150115); E05F 15/684 (20150115); E05Y
2201/646 (20130101); E05Y 2800/00 (20130101); E05Y
2800/748 (20130101); E05Y 2900/106 (20130101); E05Y
2400/57 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E05F
15/00 (20060101); E05F 15/16 (20060101); H02p
001/44 () |
Field of
Search: |
;318/265-267,466-469,286 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gilheany; Bernard A.
Assistant Examiner: Duncanson, Jr.; W. E.
Claims
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or
privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. In a device including a reversible electric motor connectible to
a source of electric potential for opening and closing a door
connected to the motor by drive means, the motor being rotatable in
a first direction when the door is being moved toward a first end
position wherein it is closed, the motor being rotatable in a
second direction opposite said first direction when the door is
being moved toward a second end position wherein the door is open,
and a mechanism for controlling the motor rotation, said mechanism
comprising:
first circuitry means including a first limit switch for connecting
the motor in series with the source of potential for rotating the
motor in said first direction;
first means responsive to movement of said door for opening said
first limit switch as said door moves into said first end
position;
second circuitry means including a second limit switch for
connecting the motor in series with the source of potential for
rotating the motor in said second direction;
second means responsive to movement of said door for opening said
second limit switch as said door moves into said second end
position;
relay means alternately connecting said source to one of said first
and second circuitry means;
third circuitry means connected to said source for operating said
relay means, said third circuitry means including a first normally
open switch for permitting selective actuation of said relay means
to permit said door to be selectively moved between its open and
closed position;
said third circuitry means further including reversing switch means
connected in parallel with said first normally open switch for
operating said relay means independently of said first switch for
permitting control of said motor during movement of said door
between said end positions;
third means cooperating with said reversing switch means for
normally maintaining same in an open position as said door is being
moved between said end positions while permitting movement of said
reversing switch means to a closed position when the movement of
said door is interrupted before it reaches said end positions;
and
fourth means cooperating with said reversing switch means for
maintaining same in an open position whenever said door is within a
small predetermined distance from either of said end positions to
thereby override and deactivate said reversing switch means;
said reversing switch means when moved to a closed position due to
said door striking an obstruction causing the motor to be reversed
when the door is moving toward said first end position, said
reversing switch means causing said motor to be stopped when the
door is being moved toward its second end position.
2. A device according to claim 1, wherein said third means includes
mounting means connected to said motor and mounting same for
limited rotational movement of said motor in a direction
substantially about the axis of the motor shaft, said mounting
means including torsional resisting means imposing a torque of
predetermined magnitude on said motor for preventing rotation
thereof so long as the torsional resistance opposed on said motor
is less than said predetermined magnitude, said mounting means also
including a control member positioned for coaction with said
reversing switch means for causing closure of said reversing switch
means when the torsional resistance imposed on said motor is
sufficient to cause rotational movement thereof.
3. A device according to claim 1, wherein said reversing switch
means comprising a normally closed switch, said third means
including first link means coacting with said normally closed
reversing switch for normally maintaining same in an open position
during movement of the door between its open and closed positions,
said third means also including torsional mounting means for
interconnecting the casing of said motor to a stationary housing,
said torsional mounting means maintaining said motor casing
stationary so long as the reaction torque imposed on said motor
casing does not exceed a predetermined magnitude, said torsional
mounting means permitting rotational displacement of said motor
casing when the torsional reaction imposed thereon exceeds said
predetermined magnitude, such as caused by the door striking an
obstruction, and said third means further including second link
means coacting between said torsional motor mounting means and said
first link means for causing actuation of said first link means to
permit said reversing switch to close whenever the reaction torque
on said motor exceeds said predetermined magnitude.
4. A device according to claim 3, wherein said fourth means
includes linkage means movable into engagement with said reversing
switch for maintaining same in an open position whenever said door
is within said predetermined distance from either of said end
positions to thus prevent closure of said reversing switch.
5. A device according to claim 4, wherein said second link means is
positioned for engaging and actuating said first limit switch to
move same to an open position when said door is disposed within
said predetermined distance from said first end position.
6. A power unit for controlling the movement of a door between a
first end position wherein the door is closed and a second end
position wherein the door is open, the power unit including
reversible electric motor means rotatable in a first direction for
causing movement of said door in a closing direction toward said
first end position and rotatable in a second direction opposite
said first direction for causing movement of said door in an
opening direction toward said second end position, comprising the
improvement wherein said power unit includes:
reversing means coacting with said motor means for causing the
rotation thereof, when said door is being moved in a door closing
direction, to be automatically reversed whenever the door strikes
an obstruction preventing further movement of said door, whereby
said door is automatically returned to its open position;
first override means coacting with said reversing means for
permitting selective deactivation of said reversing means to thus
prevent reversal in the rotation of said motor means, said first
override means being normally maintained in an inoperative position
and being moved to an operative position wherein it deactivates
said reversing means only when said door is spaced within a first
predetermined distance from said first end position;
second override means coacting with said reversing means for
selectively deactivating said reversing means to prevent reversal
in the rotation of said motor means, said second override means
being normally maintained in an inoperative position and being
moved to an operative position only when said door is spaced within
a second predetermined distance from said second end position;
and
actuating means responsive to the movement of said door between its
end positions for causing the first and second override means to be
individually moved to their operative positions when the door is
disposed within said first and second predetermined distances from
said first and second end positions, respectively.
7. A unit according to claim 6, wherein said reversing means
includes a reversing switch operatively associated with said motor
means; and
torque responsive means coacting between said reversing switch and
said motor means for causing actuation of said reversing switch
whenever the reaction torque imposed on said motor means exceeds a
predetermined magnitude.
8. A unit according to claim 7, wherein said torque responsive
means includes means mounting the casing of said motor means for
permitting rotational displacement thereof when the reaction torque
imposed on said motor means exceeds a predetermined value.
9. A unit according to claim 6, further including:
first circuitry means including a limit switch for connecting the
motor means in series with a source of potential for rotating the
motor means in one of said first and second directions;
second circuitry means including a second limit switch for
connecting the motor means in series with the source of potential
for rotating the motor means in the other of said first and second
directions;
relay means alternately connecting said source of potential to one
of said first and second circuitry means;
said reversing means including a reversing switch electrically
connected to said relay means for permitting control of same, and
link means coacting with said reversing switch for normally
maintaining same in an open position to thus prevent reversing of
said motor means; and
said reversing means further including torque responsive means
operatively connected between said motor means and said link means
and responsive to the reaction torque imposed on said motor means
exceeding a predetermined value for causing actuation of said link
means whereby said reversing switch is thus moved to a closed
position to cause energization of said relay means.
10. A device according to claim 9, wherein said first and second
override means engage said reversing switch and hold same in said
open position when said first and second override means are moved
to their respective operative positions, thereby preventing closure
of said reversing switch when said door is within said
predetermined distance from either of said end positions.
11. A unit according to claim 9, wherein said first and second
override means includes first and second levers, respectively,
mounted for swingable movement between said operative and
inoperative positions, and resilient means coacting with said
levers for normally maintaining same in said inoperative positions,
said first and second levers when moved into said operative
position engaging said reversing switch for maintaining same in an
open position;
said actuating means being movable between first and second extreme
positions in response to movement of said door between said first
and second end positions, respectively, said actuating means
engaging said first lever when it approaches said first extreme
position and engaging said second lever as it approaches said
second extreme position, engagement of said actuating means with
either of said levers causing said lever to be moved to its
operative position;
said link means including lever means disposed for engagement with
said reversing switch and biasing means coacting with said lever
means for normally urging same into engagement with said reversing
switch for maintaining same in an open position; and
said torque responsive means including a control link member
actuated in response to imposition of a reaction torque on said
motor means exceeding said predetermined value and disposed for
actuating said lever means for moving same in opposition to said
biasing means for enabling said reversing switch to move to a
closed position.
12. A unit according to claim 11, wherein there is provided a
substantially stationary housing means, and said torque responsive
means including means mounting said motor means on said housing
means for permitting rotational displacement of said motor means
relative to said housing means in response to imposition of a
reaction torque on said motor means in excess of said predetermined
value, said control link member being connected to the casing of
said motor means and angularly displaceable therewith when the
reaction torque on said motor means exceeds said predetermined
value.
13. A unit according to claim 12, wherein said control link member
is positioned for engaging said second limit switch for moving same
to an opened position when said control link member is angularly
displaced to an operative position in response to imposition of a
reaction torque on said motor means in excess of said predetermined
value.
14. A unit according to claim 13, wherein said actuating means, as
it is moved toward its second extreme position, engages said
control link member and returns same to its normal inoperative
position.
15. A unit according to claim 11, further including a third pivotal
lever positioned for engagement with said second limit switch, said
third lever being disposed for engagement by said actuating means
when same reaches its second extreme position for causing swinging
movement of said third lever into engagement with said second limit
switch to thus move same into an open position.
16. A power unit for controlling the movement of a closure member
between a first end position wherein the closure member is closed
and a second end position wherein the closure member is open, the
power unit including reversible motor means rotatable in a first
direction for causing movement of said closure member in a closing
direction toward said first end position and rotatable in a second
direction opposite said first direction for causing movement of
said closure member in an opening direction toward said second end
position, comprising the improvement wherein said power unit
includes:
reversing means including reversing switch means coacting with said
motor means for causing the rotation thereof, when said closure
member is being moved in a closing direction, to be automatically
reversed whenever the closure member strikes an obstruction
preventing further movement of said closure member, whereby said
closure member is automatically returned to its open position;
responsive means coacting between said reversing switch means and
said motor means for causing actuation of said reversing switch
means whenever the reaction torque imposed on said motor means
exceeds a predetermined magnitude as said closure member is being
moved in said closing direction;
override means coacting with said reversing means for permitting
selective deactivation of said reversing means to thus prevent
reversal in the rotation of said motor means, said override means
being normally maintained in an inoperative position and being
moved to an operative position wherein it deactivates said
reversing means only when said closure member is spaced within a
predetermined distance from one of said end positions; and
actuating means responsive to the movement of said closure member
between its end positions for causing said override means to be
moved to its operative positions when the closure member is
disposed within said predetermined distance from said one end
position.
17. A unit according to claim 16, wherein said responsive means
includes means mounting the casing of said motor means for
permitting rotational displacement thereof when the reaction torque
imposed on said motor means exceeds a predetermined value.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a door operator for an upwardly acting
door and, in particular, to a door operator having an improved
control system associated therewith for causing the movement of the
door to automatically reverse if the door strikes an obstruction
during its closing movement. The control system includes means for
overriding the reversing mechanism when the door is disposed within
a small distance from its fully closed or fully opened
positions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Persons acquainted with the operation of upwardly actuated doors
having an electrical mechanism for effecting their movement are
generally aware that some door operators have a safety switch
whereby the direction of door movement is automatically reversed if
the door engages an obstruction during its movement, particularly
when such movement is in a downward or closing direction. This
safety feature, as disclosed in U. S. Pat. No. 3,474,317 owned by
the assignee of this application, has been provided to prevent
damage to equipment and injury to personnel which might result from
continued operation of the door when such objects are in the path
of movement.
Door operators of this general character are often provided with
switch means which prevent the door from reversing its direction of
movement when the lower edge of the door bumps against the
threshold. However, such switch means must be carefully set so that
it operates just slightly before the door reaches the closed
position.
In view of the close setting or timing of the switches used in
existing operators, any small or thin object engaged by the door
may promptly reverse the door's movement and send it back to its
open position. In many geographical regions, it is not uncommon for
snow and ice to build up quickly to the thickness of several inches
directly in the path of the door, if the door remains open for a
relatively short period of time. Moreover, extremely cold or
extremely hot weather will sometimes cause the material forming the
apron or threshold of the door opening to expand or heave upwardly
as much as an inch or more and thereby cause a reversing movement
of the door into its fully open position.
Under all of the foregoing circumstances, it is preferable to have
the door stop at the point of contact with the obstruction, be it
snow, a child's toy or a distorted threshold, even though there
might be a space of an inch or two between the threshold and part
of the lower edge of the door. In this position, the door would at
least block the entrance of most of the bad weather or prevent
trespassers from entering.
There are times when a door will engage an obstruction while it is
being opened. In such case, it is at least desirable that the door
should continue its movement in the opening direction after such a
temporary stop. That is, even though the door will reverse its
direction and move to the open position after it is stopped by a
safety switch while being closed, it is not desirable to have the
reverse situation, namely to have the door return to the fully
closed position after it has been stopped by an obstruction while
being opened. For one reason, where the door can be operated by a
remotely controlled radio-frequency signal, it is possible for a
stray signal of the same frequency to reverse the door movement
after the emergency stop and while the object is still beneath the
door.
It is also possible for a relay in a remote transmitter to "hang
up" in the closed position, or for the inexperienced person to
continue to hold the manual switch in the closed position
throughout the cycle of the closing operation of existing
operators. It is, therefore desirable to have a switching mechanism
which must first be fully released (or opened) and then closed for
a second time before the door will reverse its direction of
movement. Moreover, it is desirable that the switching mechanism be
arranged so that the door will then open fully and come to a stop
in the open position. On the other hand, if the door is stopped
during its opening movement by an obstruction, then it is desirable
that repeated operations of the manual switch or remote relay will
merely cause the door to first stop and then move upwardly in small
increments until it reaches the fully opened position before it can
be reversed in its direction of movement toward the closed
position.
Accordingly, the objects and purposes of the invention have been to
provide a control switch circuit and mechanism for a motorized door
opener capable of overcoming the problems and achieving the results
set forth above.
A further object of the invention has been the provision of a
switch circuit and mechanism, as aforesaid, which is completely
foolproof in operation, which is simple in construction, which can
be adapted to existing mechanisms for effecting motorized operation
of doors and which does not interfere in any way with the normal,
manual or remote control conventionally used for energizing the
electrical system whereby the door is opened or closed.
A still further object of the invention has been the provision of a
door operator including therein a switch circuit and mechanism, as
aforesaid, which causes reversing of the door movement when the
door strikes an obstruction during movement in its closing
direction by sensing the torsional reaction imposed on the motor,
with the torsional reaction being used to activate a reversing
switch to thus cause reverse rotation of the motor.
Still a further object of the invention has been the provision of a
switch circuit and mechanism, as aforesaid, wherein a
mechanically-actuated override mechanism is associated with the
reversing switch for deactivating the switch when the door is
spaced a small distance from either its fully opened or fully
closed position to prevent undesired reversing of the door movement
when the door is closely adjacent said positions.
Another object of the invention has been the provision of a switch
circuit and mechanism, as aforesaid, which deactivates the
reversing switch for a small distance of travel as the door moves
away from its fully opened or fully closed position to permit the
motor to develop the required power necessary to get the door in
motion without causing activation of the reversing switch.
Other objects and purposes of this invention will be apparent to
persons familiar with this type of equipment upon reading the
following specification and examining the accompanying
drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an upwardly acting door and of the
door operator associated therewith.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the door operator constructed
according to the present invention and particularly illustrating
the power unit and the drive mechanism connected between the power
unit and the door.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged, perspective view of the power unit
illustrated in FIG. 2, same being illustrated with the housing
removed.
FIG. 4 is an exploded, perspective view of the power unit
illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3.
FIG. 5 is an end view of the control system, same being taken
substantially from the right side of FIG. 3.
FIG. 6 is a sectional, elevational view taken substantially along
the line VI--VI of FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary, sectional, elevational view taken
substantially along the line VII--VII of FIG. 5.
FIG. 8 is a sectional, elevational view illustrating therein the
reverse side of the control system illustrated in FIG. 5.
FIG. 9 is a fragmentary, elevational view taken partially in cross
section and illustrating therein the torsional mounting arrangement
between the motor and the housing.
FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic sketch of the circuitry associated with
the motor and switch mechanism of the present invention.
Certain terminology will be used in the following description for
convenience in reference only and will not be limiting. The words
"rightwardly" and "leftwardly" will designate directions in the
drawings to which reference is made. The words "inwardly" and
"outwardly" will refer to directions toward and away from,
respectively, the geometric center of the device and designated
parts thereof. Said terminology will include the words above
specifically mentioned, derivatives thereof and words of similar
import.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In general, the objects and purposes of the present invention are
met by providing a door operator which includes a reversible
electric motor drivingly connected to the door for moving same
between a closed vertical position and an opened horizontal
position. A control circuit is associated with the motor and
includes suitable switching structure for controlling the motor
operation. Upper and lower limit switches are connected to the
motor and are controlled by the door when same is in its fully
opened and fully closed positions, respectively, for causing
deenergization of the motor when in these positions. The control
circuit also includes a reversing switch for causing the motor
rotation to be automatically reversed when the door strikes an
obstruction during its closing movement for causing the door to
return to its open position. Suitable override structure is
associated with the reversing switch for deactivating same when the
door is spaced within a predetermined distance from its fully
opened or fully closed positions. The override structure is
effective whether the door is moving away from or toward its fully
opened or fully closed positions, thus permitting the motor to
generate the power necessary to get the door in motion when it is
moving away from one of its extreme positions while also permitting
the motor to be stopped when the door is moving toward one of its
extreme positions. The motor is preferably mounted on a rotatable
structure which is angularly displaceable when a torque reaction of
predetermined magnitude is imposed on the motor to thus cause
activation of the reversing switch.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
FIG. 1 illustrates therein a door operator 11 which may be manually
or remotely controlled for opening and closing an upwardly acting
door 12. The door 12, in the illustrated embodiment, has several
horizontally hinged sections having rollers mounted thereon for
engagement with L-shaped side rails 14 for guiding the movement of
the door between a substantially vertical closed position wherein
it closes an opening formed in the wall 13, and a substantially
horizontal open position. The structural details of the door 12 and
of the side rails 14 are conventional.
The door operator 11, as illustrated in FIGS. 2-4, includes an
elongated guide rail 16 stationarily mounted above and extending
substantially transversely from the opening formed in the wall 13.
The guide rail 16 has a carriage 17 slidably mounted thereon and
pivotally interconnected to the door 12 by means of an intermediate
arm 18. A substantially endless drive member 19, particularly a
chain, is disposed adjacent and extends substantially along the
rail 16 and is connected to the carriage 17 for slidably moving
same along the rail 16. The drive chain 19 is engaged at one end
thereof with a driven sprocket 21 which is rotatably supported on
the wall 13 directly adjacent the upper portion of the opening
therein. The other end of the drive chain 19 is engaged with a
drive sprocket 22 which is nonrotatably interconnected to a driven
pulley 23. An endless drive belt 24 drivingly connects the pulley
23 to a driving pulley 26 which is nonrotatably secured to the
shaft 27 of a conventional reversible electric motor 28. The motor
28 comprises a portion of the power unit 29.
The power unit 29 includes a housing 31 which, as illustrated in
FIG. 4, has substantially channel-shaped top and bottom members 32
and 33 fixedly interconnected by substantially channel-shaped side
members 34 and 36. The housing is closed by opposed end walls 37
and 38.
The casing of the motor 28, which is disposed within the interior
of the housing 21, is fixedly mounted on a sensor bracket 39, being
secured thereto by bolts 41 (FIG. 9). The sensor bracket 39 is in
turn rotatably supported on a lower motor mounting bracket 42 which
has substantially channel-shaped portions 43 (FIG. 4) on the
opposite edges thereof which are adapted to be disposed over the
upwardly extending legs 44 formed on the opposite edges of the
bottom channel-shaped housing member 33. The channel-shaped
portions 43 of the lower motor mounting bracket 42 have elongated
slots therein through which extend locking screws 46 for permitting
the position of the motor to be adjusted longitudinally of the
housing whereby the tension on the drive belt 24 can thus be
selectively adjusted. A further motor mounting bracket 47 is
associated with the upper end of the motor 28 and is fixedly and
adjustably connected to the upper channel-shaped housing member 32
in a substantially similar manner.
The sensor bracket 39 and the lower motor mounting bracket 42 are
separated from one another by means of an intermediate annular
plastic washer or bearing 48 (FIG. 9) to permit the sensor bracket
39 and the motor 28 mounted thereon to rotate relative to the motor
mounting bracket 42. The sensor bracket 39 also has a hub portion
49 fixedly secured thereto and projecting downwardly through an
opening formed in the motor mounting bracket 42 (FIG. 9), which hub
portion has one end of a rodlike torque limiting spring 51 fixedly
secured thereto. The other end of the torque limiting spring 51
extends through an elongated slot 52 formed in the housing end wall
37 and disposed for engagement with a toothed rack 53.
The sensor bracket 39 also has a substantially L-shaped sensor rod
54 (FIG. 3) movably mounted thereon, which rod includes
substantially perpendicular legs 56 and 57. The leg 56 is rotatably
supported on a pair of spaced ears 58, and a spring 59 coacts
between the bracket 39 and the sensor rod 54 for normally urging
said rod 54 to rotate about the axis of the leg 56. The spring 59
urges the sensor rod 54 to rotate in a substantially
counterclockwise direction as appearing in FIG. 3.
The power unit 29 includes a drive shaft 61 rotatably supported on
the housing 31 and having the drive sprocket 22 and driven pulley
23 nonrotatably secured to the upper end thereof. The drive shaft
61 is threaded over the lower portion thereof and has upper and
lower control nuts 62 and 63, respectively, threadably engaged
therewith. The nuts 62 and 63 each have their peripheries disposed
closely adjacent an elongated stationary guide flange 64, which
flange prevents the nuts 62 and 63 from rotating so that the nuts
thus travel linearly along the threaded portion of the shaft 61 in
response to shaft rotation. The lower nut 63 is positioned for
engagement with the free end of the leg 57 of the sensor rod 54
when the lower nut 63 is linearly moved into its lowermost
position. The purpose of this positional arrangement will be
explained hereinafter.
The power unit 29 also includes a control system 66 mounted on a
stationary panel 67 which is positioned between the drive shaft 61
and the motor 28. The control system 66 includes a control lever 68
(FIG. 7) having its upper end pivoted at 69 to a stationary tab 71.
The lower end of the control lever 68 has a laterally extending
projection 72 which extends outwardly so as to be contacted by the
lowermost nut 63. Control lever 68 also has an actuating portion 73
disposed adjacent the free end thereof, which portion 73 projects
rearwardly beneath the panel 67 and is disposed in engagement with
the actuating lever 74 of a normally closed limit switch 76. The
switch 76 is opened when the door is in its horizontal open
position and thus will hereinafter be referred to as the "up" limit
switch.
The control system 66 also includes an "open" override lever 77
(FIG. 6) pivoted at 78 on the stationary tab 79. The override lever
77 is pivoted substantially in the center portion thereof and has a
laterally extending projection 81 formed on the lower free end
thereof, which projection 81 is disposed for contact with the lower
nut 63 as same is moved downwardly. However, the projection 81, as
illustrated in FIG. 6, is disposed slightly above the projection 72
formed on the control lever 68.
The upper free end of the override lever 77 is, as illustrated in
FIG. 6, connected to a spring 82 which has its other end connected
to a stationary flange 83, whereby the spring 82 thus normally
resiliently urges the lever 77 in a counterclockwise direction into
the position illustrated in FIG. 6. The override lever 77 has the
upper free end thereof positioned adjacent, but spaced outwardly
from beneath, the actuating lever 84 of a normally closed reversing
switch 86.
Control system 66 includes still a further lever, namely the
"closed" override lever 87, same being pivoted at 88 on the
stationary tab 89. The upper free end of override lever 87 has a
laterally extending projection 91 formed thereon positioned for
engagement by the upper nut 62 when same is moved upwardly towards
its extreme position. Override lever 87 has a transversely
projecting flange 92 formed on the lower free end thereof, which
flange 92 overlaps and is engaged by the upper free end of the
"open" override lever 77. The "closed" override lever 87, due to
engagement thereof with the upper free end of the "open" override
lever 77, is thus normally maintained in the position illustrated
in FIG. 6 and is continually resiliently urged in a clockwise
direction (as illustrated in FIG. 6). Movement of the upper free
end of the override lever 77 in a direction (clockwise in FIG. 6)
in opposition to the resilient urging of the spring 82, such as
would be caused by engagement of the lower nut 63 with the
projection 81 or engagement of the upper nut 62 with the projection
91, causes the free upper end of lever 77 to be pivotally moved
into a position wherein it is disposed directly under the actuating
lever 84 of the normally closed reversing switch 86, whereby the
lever 77 thus maintains the reversing switch 86 in an open
position.
The actuation of the reversing switch 86 is normally controlled by
means of a U-shaped reversing lever 96 (FIG. 5) which is pivoted at
97 on the panel 67. Reversing lever 96 has an upper leg portion 98
provided with a transverse tab 99 adjacent the free end thereof,
which tab is normally maintained in engagement with the actuating
lever 84 of the reversing switch 86. A spring 101 is connected
between the tab 99 and a stationary flange 102 for normally
resiliently urging the lever 96 in a counterclockwise direction as
illustrated in FIG. 5, whereby the tab 99 normally engages the
actuating lever 84 to thus maintain the reversing switch 86 in an
open position.
The U-shaped reversing lever 96 also includes a lower leg portion
103 which is disposed adjacent and partially overlaps a
substantially L-shaped slot 104 formed in the panel 67. The lower
leg portion 103 has an enlargement 106 adjacent the free end
thereof which results in the formation of a shoulder 107. The
enlargement 106, when the lever 96 is urged by spring 101 into its
normal position (as illustrated in FIG. 5), is positioned to at
least partially overlap the L-shaped slot 104 in the vicinity of
the junction between the horizontally and vertically extending
portions of the slot. The slot 104, as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and
5, has a size which permits the leg 57 of the L-shaped sensor rod
54 to extend therethrough, with the movement of the leg 57 within
the horizontal portion of the L-shaped slot 104 being controlled by
the enlargement 106 when same is positioned to overlap the slot as
illustrated in FIG. 5.
The leg 57 of the sensor rod 54 engages the actuating lever 108 of
a normally closed limit switch 109 when the leg 57 is moved into
the upper end of the vertically extending portion of the slot 104.
The limit switch 109 is opened when the door is moved into its
lowermost or closed position, and thus switch 109 will be
hereinafter referred to as the "down" limit switch.
The circuitry for the control system 66 is diagrammatically
illustrated in FIG. 10 and specifically includes a start circuit
111 connected in parallel with a motor control circuit 112, which
circuits are connected to a suitable potential source, such as a
conventional 120 volt alternating current source. The start circuit
111 includes a transformer 113 which has the coil thereof connected
in series with the coil 114 of a conventional flip-flop relay 115.
A conventional start switch 116, which is normally open and may be
a manual push-type switch or a remotely controlled switch, is
connected in series with the relay coil 114 and the transformer
113. Further, the normally closed reversing switch 86 is connected
in parallel with the start switch 116.
The motor control circuit 112 includes therein a pair of parallel
circuits which are connected to the field of the motor 28 for
permitting reverse rotation of the motor in a conventional manner,
which parallel circuits contain therein the up and down limit
switches 76 and 109, respectively. The flip-flop relay armature or
switch 117 is connected in the main power circuit and permits
alternate energization of the parallel motor circuits. Further, the
up limit switch 76, when moved into its open position, is designed
to coact with a circuit having a conventional electric light 118
disposed in series therewith so that the light will thus be
energized whenever the door is in the open position and the up
limit switch 76 is opened.
OPERATION
The operation of the door operator according to the present
invention will be briefly described to insure a complete
understanding thereof.
For purposes of explanation, it will be assumed that the door is in
a partially opened condition and is moving downwardly toward its
closed vertical position. When in this position, the control system
66 will be disposed in the position illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 5-7,
and the electrical circuit will be disposed in the condition
illustrated in FIG. 10. In this condition, spring 101 urges the tab
99 of reversing lever 96 into engagement with the actuating lever
84 to thus maintain reversing switch 86 in its open position. The
up and down limit switches 76 and 109, respectively, will be in
their closed positions, and the relay switch 117 will be connected
in series with the down limit switch 109 to permit energization of
motor 28 to thus move the door downwardly toward its closed
position. When the door is being moved downwardly, the drive shaft
62 is rotated in such a direction that the nuts 62 and 63 are moved
axially upwardly.
If the downwardly moving door strikes an obstruction, such as a
vehicle, prior to reaching its fully closed position, which
obstruction prevents further downward movement of the door, then
the rotation of the motor shaft 27 is effectively stopped. The
motor thus imposes an opposite torsional reaction on the casing of
the motor substantially in the direction of the arrow A (FIG. 3).
When the torsional reaction reaches a predetermined magnitude so as
to overcome the effect of spring 51, then the motor 28 and of the
sensor bracket 29 are rotated whereby the leg 57 of the sensor rod
54 is moved into contact with the stop 107, causing the lower leg
portion 103 of reversing lever 96 to be cammed downwardly
(clockwise in FIG. 5). This angular displacement of reversing lever
96 causes the tab 99 to be moved downwardly away from the actuating
lever 84, whereupon the reversing switch 86 is thus permitted to
return to its normally closed position. This causes energization of
relay coil 114 whereby relay switch 117 is shifted so as to be
connected in series with the normally closed up limit switch 76 (as
illustrated by dotten lines in FIG. 10). The motor 28 is thus
energized to rotate in the reverse direction to cause the door to
be moved upwardly to return it to its open horizontal position. As
the rotation of motor 28 is being reversed, the spring 59 causes
the leg 57 of L-shaped sensor rod 54 to be moved vertically
upwardly into the upper end of the vertically extending portion of
the L-shaped slot 104, thereby retaining the leg 57 in the dotted
line position illustrated in FIG. 7. This permits the spring 101 to
return the lever 96 to its normal position wherein the enlargement
106 overlaps the slot 104 and wherein the flange 99 engages the
actuating lever 84 and causes the reversing switch 86 to again be
opened. Movement of leg 57 into the vertical portion of slot 104
also causes leg 57 to engage lever 108 whereby down limit switch
109 is opened.
As the door moves upwardly toward its open position, the control
nuts 62 and 63 move axially downwardly along the threaded shaft 61.
As the door approaches but is spaced a small predetermined distance
from its fully opened position, the lower nut 63 contacts the
projection 81 of the override lever 77 and swings same (clockwise
in FIG. 6) in opposition to the urging of the spring 82, whereupon
the upper free end of lever 77 is thus moved into a position
wherein it is disposed directly beneath the actuating lever 84 of
the reversing switch 86. In this position, the lever 77 holds the
actuating lever 84 in its uppermost position to thus maintain the
reversing switch 86 in an open position irrespective of the
position of the reversing lever 96. The door continues to travel
toward its fully opened position, during which movement the lower
control nut 63 continues to move downwardly whereupon the nut 63
engages the free end of the leg 57 of the sensor rod 54 and moves
same vertically downwardly until the leg 57 is disposed adjacent
the lower end of the vertical portion of the L-shaped slot 104. The
torque limiting spring 51 then causes the motor 28 and sensor
bracket 39 to be rotated in a direction to return the leg 57 to the
opposite end of the horizonal portion of the L-shaped slot 104,
namely to the leftward end of the horizontal portion substantially
as illustrated in FIG. 5. At the same time, the nut 63 contacts the
projection 72 of the control lever 68 whereby same is pivotally
moved (clockwise in FIG. 6) toward the actuating lever 74 to thus
depress same in opposition to the urging of the internal spring
disposed within the limit switch 76, thereby opening the normally
closed limit switch 76 and stopping the motor 28. Since the
reversing switch 86, as explained above, is deactivated during the
last portion of movement of the door as it approaches its fully
opened position, this thus permits the motor to exert a greater
driving force on the door to insure that it is moved into its fully
opened position. Also, simultaneous with the movement of the door
into its fully opened position and the opening of the "up" limit
switch 76, the switch 76 is also connected in series with the light
118 to thus cause energization of the light 118 whenever the door
is in its fully opened position.
When the door is to be closed, the start switch 116 is momentarily
closed to cause a momentary energization of the relay coil 114,
whereby the relay switch 117 is shifted to be connected in series
with the closed "down" limit switch 109. This causes energization
of motor 28 so that the door is then moved toward its closed
vertical position. As the door moves away from its fully opened
position, the lower control nut 63 travels upwardly and thus
initially disengages the control lever 68, whereby the "up" limit
switch 76 is thus permitted to return to its normally closed
position. This thus de-energizes the light 118. Further upward
movement of lower control nut 63 causes same to also disengage the
lower override lever 77, whereby spring 82 returns lever 77 to the
position illustrated in FIG. 6 so that the lever 77 is no longer
disposed in engagement with the actuating lever 84 of the reversing
switch 86. However, the reversing switch 86 is still maintained in
an open position due to the reversing lever 96. The door continues
to move downwardly toward its closed vertical position and,
assuming that the door contacts no obstruction, this movement
continues until the upper control nut 62 contacts the projection 91
of the upper override lever 87. This contact of the upper control
nut 62 with the projection 91 occurrs when the door is spaced a
small predetermined distance from its fully closed position, such
as when within four to eight inches therefrom. The upper control
nut 62 then causes lever 87 to swing (counterclockwise in FIG. 6)
toward the upper end of lower override lever 77, and thus causes
the lower override lever 77 to be swing-ably displaced (clockwise
in FIG. 6) in opposition to the urging of the spring 82 so that the
upper free end of override lever 77 is again moved into a position
wherein it is disposed directly below and in engagement with the
actuating lever 84 to thus maintain the reversing switch 86 in its
open position. The door will then continue downwardly until the
lower edge of the door contacts the threshold of the door opening.
At this time further downward movement of the door is effectively
restrained. A torsional reaction is thus imposed on the casing of
the motor so that the motor and sensor bracket 39 are rotated,
which in turn causes leg 57 of sensor rod 54 to be moved along the
horizontal portion of the L-shaped slot from one end to the other
end thereof, whereupon spring 59 urges the leg 57 upwardly into the
vertical portion of the slot 104. As the leg 57 is urged upwardly
into the vertical portion of the slot, the leg 57 contacts the
actuating lever 108 of the "down" limit switch 109, thereby opening
the limit switch and de-energizing the motor 28.
As described above, the reversing switch 86 is rendered ineffective
during the last portion of travel of the door, particularly as the
door is positioned closely adjacent its fully closed position,
whereby increased drive torque can thus be applied to the door to
insure that same is moved to a fully closed position. This is
especially critical in situations where ice or snow may become
positioned on the threshold when the door is opened and would
otherwise prevent the door from being moved to its fully closed
position or, as an alternative, would cause a reversing of the
door.
With the door in its fully closed position, the door is opened by
momentarily closing the start switch 116, whereby relay coil 114 is
again momentarily energized so that the relay switch 117 is again
shifted to thus place same in series with the closed "up" limit
switch 76. This energizes motor 28 to cause same to rotate in a
reverse direction so that the door is then moved upwardly. As the
door is initially moved upwardly away from its closed vertical
position, the upper control nut 62 will again move axially
downwardly so that, when the door has been raised said
predetermined distance away from its fully closed position, the
upper override lever 87 and the lower override lever 77 will be
returned to their normal positions (as illustrated in FIG. 6) due
to the urging of the spring 82. The door will continue to travel
upwardly, and the control nuts 62 and 63 will likewise continue to
move axially downwardly until the door again approaches its fully
open position. This operation of the door is thus identical to the
operation as explained above.
As is readily apparent from the operational description set forth
above, the control system of the present invention, as incorporated
into the overall door operator, thus provides a reversing switch
which results in the door being automatically reversed and moved
upwardly toward its open position in the event the door strikes an
obstruction during its downward travel which prevents further
downward movement of the door. Further, this reversing in the
movement of the door can be adjusted to occur at a desired force
level merely by adjusting the magnitude of the torsional resistance
imposed on the motor housing by the spring 51. Thus, the reversing
of the door can be made to occur when a relatively minor
obstruction is encountered so as to thus not cause damage to either
the obstruction or the door. On the other hand, since the reversing
switch 86 is rendered ineffective when the door is positioned
closely adjacent its fully opened or fully closed positions, this
thus enables a substantially greater closing force to be imposed on
the door to insure that the door is moved into its fully opened and
fully closed positions. Further, if the door should encounter an
obstruction when it is closely adjacent one of its extreme
positions, such as might occur due to the presence of a layer of
ice disposed over the threshold of the door opening, the door will
thus remain in this position and the motor will be deactivated,
even though the door has not travelled all the way to its normal
fully closed position. The present invention thus prevents
undesired reversing of the door in situations where the door is
within a few inches of its fully closed position. Also, since the
reversing switch is also inactivated during the initial movement of
the door away from its fully closed or fully opened positions, this
thus prevents reversing of the door and permits development of the
larger driving force necessary to get the door in motion.
Further, since the leg 57 of the sensor rod 54 maintains the "down"
limit switch 109 in an open position when the door is being moved
upwardly, this prevents the door movement from being reversed when
the door is being moved upwardly. The present invention permits
reversal of the door travel direction to occur only when the door
is being moved downwardly, so that upon reversal the door will thus
be automatically moved upwardly. The encountering of an obstruction
as the door moves upwardly merely causes a stopping of the door,
and will not cause an undesired downward movement of the door.
Although a particular preferred embodiment of the invention has
been disclosed in detail for illustrative purposes, it will be
recognized that variations or modifications of the disclosed
apparatus, including the rearrangemnt of parts, lie within the
scope of the present invention.
* * * * *