U.S. patent number 3,763,621 [Application Number 05/166,088] was granted by the patent office on 1973-10-09 for sealing apparatus and method for refuse compactor.
Invention is credited to Larry Klein, Elliot J. Lefkowitz.
United States Patent |
3,763,621 |
Klein , et al. |
October 9, 1973 |
SEALING APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR REFUSE COMPACTOR
Abstract
As shredded and compacted waste material is extruded as a
substantially continuous strand from the nozzle of a
shredder-compactor, it passes into an elongated sleeve having a
closed end. Once a predetermined quantity (by weight or extruded
length) of such compacted material fills the closed downstream end
of this elongated sleeve the strand is interrupted to form a gap
and a twisted-off (constricted) neck is formed in the sleeve at the
gap to close the sleeve at this location. The sleeve is then sealed
at this neck, e.g., by heat-sealing or stapling, and cut to form a
sealed package and to form a new closed downstream end on the
upstream sleeve section. The upstream section of the sleeve can be
rotated to form the twisted-off neck, or the downstream section of
track or sleeve can be made to rotate the enclosed strand and
sleeve.
Inventors: |
Klein; Larry (Bronx, NY),
Lefkowitz; Elliot J. (Bronx, NY) |
Family
ID: |
22601776 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/166,088 |
Filed: |
July 26, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
53/439; 53/483;
53/549; 428/2; 53/417; 53/469; 53/530; 53/576 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65B
9/15 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65B
9/15 (20060101); B65B 9/10 (20060101); B65b
001/20 () |
Field of
Search: |
;53/181,124E,124CC,24 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
187,559 |
|
Nov 1936 |
|
CH |
|
1,169,314 |
|
Nov 1969 |
|
GB |
|
Primary Examiner: McGehee; Travis S.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method of packaging bulk-reduced waste, comprising the steps
of:
retaining an elongated sleeve having a closed end over a tube
having a mouth;
extruding a substantially noncoherent strand of a mass of said
bulk-reduced waste through said tube and said mouth generally
linearly and along an axis of said tube and said sleeve into said
sleeve;
advancing said mass and said sleeve away from said mouth to form a
gap;
relatively rotating a downstream section of said mass and an
upstream section of said sleeve on said tube to form a twisted neck
in said gap between said sections;
deflecting said downstream section of said mass transversely of
said axis;
forming a pair of seals in said sleeve at said neck; and
cutting said sleeve at said neck between said seels to form a new
twisted closed end on said sleeve and to form a package containing
said portion of said mass from said downstream section of said
sleeve with a sealed twisted portion at said neck.
2. The method defined in claim 1 wherein said downstream section of
said sleeve is rotated while the upstream section is retained
against rotation during the forming of said neck.
3. The method defined in claim 1 wherein said upstream section of
said sleeve is rotated while the downstream section containing said
mass is retained against rotation for formation of said neck.
4. An apparatus for packaging a loose bulk waste, said apparatus
comprising:
a bulk-waste compactor having a discharge tube with a mouth for
extruding a noncoherent mass of the bulk waste therefrom in the
form of a substantially linear strand extending along the axis of
said tube and said mouth;
means for retaining a flexible elongated sleeve of sheet material
having a closed end over said tube to enable the strand to draw
said sleeve away from said mouth;
means for forming a gap in said strand in said sleeve and including
means for deflecting a downstream section of said strand
transversely to said axis to upset the strand;
means for rotating said downstream section of said sleeve and the
portion of said strand contained therein relative to an upstream
section of said sleeve retained on said tube for forming a twisted
neck in said sleeve at said gap; and
means for cutting said sleeve at said neck and thereby forming a
new closed end on said upstream section and a hermetically sealed
package containing said portion of said strand from said downstream
section.
5. The apparatus defined in claim 4 wherein said means for
relatively rotating said sections includes guide means for the
strand and sleeve extending downstream from said mouth.
6. The apparatus defined in claim 5 wherein said strand is extruded
substantially continuously, said guide means including a conveyor
downstream of said mouth and generally parallel to said axis, a
support downstream of said conveyor adapted to received said
downstream section and deflectable out of line with said conveyor,
and means for deflecting said support relative to said
conveyor.
7. The apparatus defined in claim 6 wherein the rotating means
includes means engageable with said downstream section of said
sleeve on said guide for rotating same.
8. The apparatus defined in claim 7 wherein said means engageable
with said downstream section includes a cage clampingly receiving
the end of said sleeve.
9. The apparatus defined in claim 7 wherein said means engageable
with said downstream section includes a rotatable body along said
guide, said downstream section resting on said body.
10. The apparatus defined in claim 4 wherein said rotating means
includes means for rotating said tube with said sleeve.
11. The apparatus defined in claim 4, further comprising means
responsive to the weight of said portion for activating said
rotating means.
12. The apparatus defined in claim 4, further comprising means
responsive to the length of said portion for activating said
rotating means.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an apparatus for and method of
packaging a generally noncoherent mass. More specifically this
invention concerns the packaging or encapsulating of compacted
and/or shredded solid waste or garbage directly as it emerges from
a compactor and/or shredder.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Solid waste presents a considerable disposal problem. Household
trash is particularly difficult to dispose of since it contains a
variety of waste from scattered particulate organic matter (e.g.,
table scraps) to highly dense material (e.g., bottles). In large
housing complexes and apartment buildings the disposal problem is
enormous, especially when incineration and the therein inherent
reduction in overall volume is no longer possible because of the
need to control atmospheric pollution.
The most advantageous solution involves the shredding and/or
compacting of such solid waste. Typical of such apparatus is a
device which has a plurality of blades which comminute the waste
before it passes into a cylinder. A piston is effective in this
cylinder to compress and compact charges of the comminuted to a
volume equal to a small fraction of what it was originally, e.g.,
around 8:1. Such a device is often installed in an apartment
building at the base of the chute which formerly led to the
incinerator.
As the compressed waste emerges or is extruded from the treatment
apparatus it passes directly into bags that are mounted, filled and
then tied by hand. Automatic devices are also known wherein a very
long flexible polymeric-resin sleeve having a closed end, is
retained over the discharge nozzle of the compacting device. The
compacted waste, which emerges as a strand or succession of
cylindrical plugs, passes from the nozzle into the sleeve and draws
off some of the sleeve retained over the nozzle. An operator must
periodically tie off sections of the sleeve at axially spaced
intervals to be able to cut off these sections in lengths
convenient for carrying in order to remove them for final
disposal.
Although the use of the long sleeve which can be tied off to form a
plurality of separate packages is indeed a time-saver, the
necessity of manually forming the separate tied-off sections is far
from completely satisfactory. Especially at times when trash is
generated rapidly, as during weekends, or at times when the machine
operator is called away for extended periods of time such a system
can be very inconvenient. Existing concepts for the automatic
sealing of such packages by pinching off the sleeve, heat-sealing,
etc., have been unsatisfactory because of a lack of hermeticity,
i.e., the sleeve is abraded against the contents and is easily
torn.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an
improved packaging apparatus and method particularly adapted for
use with a trash compactor of the above-described type.
Another object is the provision of an apparatus which fully
automatically prepares separate sealed packages of trash which are
convenient to handle and maintain the continuity of the package
seal and wrap.
Yet another object is to provide an apparatus for and method of
forming separate packages from compacted solid waste as it is
extruded into an elongated sleeve of tubular sheet material.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The above objects are attained according to the present invention
by forming a twisted-off neck in the sleeve behind or upstream of
(relative to the direction of extrusion) a charge of compacted
waste matter. This is done by relatively rotating that section of
the sleeve adjacent the closed end containing the charge and the
rest of the sleeve. thus, either the end of the sleeve containing
the compacted mass is rotated while the empty sleeve is held
stationary or the sleeve retainer is rotated while the compacted
sleeve enclosed mass is stationary.
After formation of the twisted-off neck, according to further
features of the present invention, the sleeve is first sealed and
then longitudinally subdivided at this neck and severed. This forms
the neat package of the charge of compacted waste in the closed end
of the original sleeve, while forming a new closed end on the
remaining sleeve so that the process can be continuously repeated
as new portions of the sleeve are filled with extruded mass.
In accordance with yet another feature of the present invention the
compacted largely incoherent mass is extruded as a continuous
strand into the sleeve and then the strand is broken and gaps being
formed in the strand. Subsequently the twisted-off neck is formed
at the location in the sleeve corresponding to the gap or break in
the strand. In one embodiment of the invention this is accomplished
by lifting a portion of the track along which the sleeved compacted
trash rides after extrusion from the compactor. As the track is
changed from a relatively straight position to a deflected position
the compacted-waste strand is broken at the apex of the crest
formed in the track and thereafter the downstream section of
sleeved waste is rotated to form the twisted-off neck.
The relative rotation can be effected according to a feature of the
present invention as described above by rotating the furthest
downstream portion of the strand along with its sleeve portion as
it lies on the track by providing rollers on this track which are
mounted on the peripheries of wheels lying transverse to the
direction of travel of the waste and rotatable to turn this section
about its axis. It is also contemplated according to a further
feature of the invention to enclose the furthest downstream section
by means of a basket arrangement which then lifts it and rotates it
free of the track.
In accordance with further features of this invention, controls are
provided to measure and/or weigh the furthest downstream section of
compacted encased trash to signal the start of the gap formation
and the subsequent sealing operations.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The above and other objects, features, and advantages will become
apparent from the following description, reference being made to
the drawing wherein:
FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a first embodiment of the
apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows in enlarged scale an end view of the apparatus of FIG.
1 with its track in the undeflected (down) position;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the present
invention;
FIG. 4 is a side sectional view of a third embodiment of the
present invention;
FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of a fourth embodiment of this
invention;
FIG. 6 is an end view of a detail of the fourth embodiment of the
invention, and
FIG. 7 is a largely schematic view showing a detail of a fifth
embodiment of the present invention.
SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION
As seen in FIG. 1 a compactor 10 has a hopper 11 adapted to hold
untreated trash. This compactor may have a plurality of shredding
blades or hammers designed to comminute incoming trash and a piston
ram, or auger to compress or compact the comminuted trash. A nozzle
12 is provided at the outlet end of the compactor 10 and an
elongated vinyl-polymer sleeve 13 is received and retained over
this nozzle 12. Such a compactor is discussed in U.S. Pat. No.
3,541,949.
Extending downstream from the nozzle 12 is a track 14 having three
alignable portions 14a. and 14c. The furthest upstream sections 14a
and 14b are provided with rollers 15 effective to guide the bag 10
in the direction of travel indicated by arrow T whereas the
downstream-end track section 14 c is provided with three parallel
cylinders 19 formed with longitudinally extending ridges and
extending parallel to the track section 14c. Track section 14a is
fixed and the other sections 14b and 14c are displaceable, being
hinged together at 17 with section 14b also hinged on section 14a
at 16. The further downstream section 14c is provided at its
downstream end with wheels or rollers 18. An ram (hydraulic
cylinder) with one end attached to the track 14 at the pivot 17 and
the other end pivotally mounted at 21 below the track sections 14b
and 14c and between the path of the wheels 18 is extensible and
retractible to flex track 14 at pivot axis 17, with the section 14b
directed up and section 14c down relative to the direction T. In
the illustrated flexed position the downstream end of section 14c
rolls on wheels 18 toward the fixed pivot axis 16. An electric eye
26 and a light source 25 face each other over and across the very
downstream end of the section 14c to detect an object reaching this
end, which upon detection will activate ram 20 to movement of the
track to separate the strand.
FIG. 2 shows an electric motor 23 connected by belts 24 to the
three longitudinally ridged cylinders 19, the outer two of which
pivot in a horizontal plane, above the longitudinal rotation axis
of the center roller, so that these three rollers define a
chute.
Located above the pivot 17 in the flexed, solid-line position of
the track 14 is a unit 30 having a pair of staplers/heat-sealers 27
and 27' flanking a cutter blade 28 in the direction of travel T. An
actuating unit 29 serves first to actuate the sealers-staplers 27
and then to bring the cutter blade 28 down. Similar devices are
discussed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,936,816 and No. 3,469,364.
The device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 operates as follows:
Solid waste such as table scraps, bottles, newspapers, and the like
is comminuted and extruded from the nozzle 12 as a compact but
largely incoherent mass M, generally in the form of a strand
constituted by a series of cylindrical plugs each formed in one
operation of the compacting ram of the compactor 10.
Prior to starting the apparatus a length of sleeve 13 is clipped
over the end of the nozzle 12 and its end is closed and sealed, as
for example with a wire or heat seal. A plurality of spring clips
31 retain the bulk of the sleeve 13 in a bunched-up condition
around the nozzle. The length of sleeve 13 should be sufficient to
serve for a plurality of packages. Preferably the length is
continuous, but it may be partially or completely subdivided into
package sections.
In this manner as the refuse is extruded from the nozzle mouth 12
it first pushes the blind end E of the sleeve 13 away from the
nozzle 12 in the direction T. As the waste matter or refuse emerges
from the mouth it continues to fill the sleeve 13, thereby forming
a filled sleeved package downstream in the direction T along the
track 14 which is in the straight, down position.
Once the filled downstream end E of the sleeve 13 comes between the
light source 25 and detector 26 this device initiates actuation of
extensible ram 20 to expand it and thereby flex the track at 17. In
the upper flexed position the strand of compacted and shredded
trash in the sleeve 13 is separated forming a gap and the motor 23
is automatically started to rotate the section of sleeve 13 lying
on the track section 14c. The sleeve 13 therefore is formed into a
twisted-off neck at N directly above the pivot 17 at the location
corresponding to the gap formed in the strand of refuse.
Thereafter the unit 30 is actuated, once again by the automatic
timer apparatus put in motion by the electric-eye arrangement
25,26, or a mechanism 25' responsive to the weight of the filled
section of the sleeve, to first seal the sleeve 13 shut along two
portions of the twised-off neck N by forming at least two seals,
either wire wound or heat seals, optionally reinforced with staples
at neck locations spaced apart in the transport direction T and
then to sever the sleeve 13 between these two locations. A new
blind end is thereby formed on the extreme downstream end of the
sleeve 13 whereas the package formed on the section 14c of the
track is completely separated from the remainder of the sleeve 13
and from the mass M so that it can be directed by a chute or
similar guide (not shown) to a storage area. Thereafter the
extensible ram 20 is contracted to realign the track 14 and the
cycle described above is repeated.
The twisted neck presents many substantial advantages over methods
known hitherto. It is important to make a very tight closure
whereby the chance of leakage and the accompanying odor, rodent,
and sanitary problem is eliminated. In place of stapling or heat
sealing at 30, a tie cord, wire or tape may be applied. In
prior-art systems the operator simply applied wire ties to the
sleeve to make separate packages, often leaving a core of trash
extending right through the seemingly closed end. However, when the
bag is twised all trash is excluded from the neck region. Combined
heat-sealing and stapling or wire sealing is advantageous since any
failure of the wire supply or the possible formation of an
ineffective heat seal sill not cause sealing failure, because the
other system serves as a backup and ensures a proper closure.
In FIG. 3 an apparatus is shown which can be placed on the first
section 14a of the track 14 in order to save space. This apparatus
comprises a stand 35 to which is journaled a horizontal drive shaft
36 connected at one end to a drive motor 37 by means of a toothed
belt 38. The other end of the shaft 36 carries a transverse base
plate 39 on which are pivoted a pair of arms 40 each being formed
as a segment of cylindrical sleeve. A small hydraulic cylinder 41
is provided between each arm 40 and the base plate 39 to pivot
these armas about respective parallel axes equispaced to either
side of the rotation axis A of shaft 36 and orthogonal to this axis
A. The pressure supply hoses 42 of these cylinder 41 are fed out
through the shaft 36 and can advantageously be powered by the
hydraulic pump of the compactor 10.
In this arrangement as the closed lower end of a bag 13 comes
against the plate 39 the cylinders 40 are expanded so that this end
of the bag is gripped firmly between the arms 40, a gap is formed
in the strand within the sleeves and then motor 37 is set in motion
so that a twisted-off neck is formed in the sleeve 13. Thereafter a
stapler/heat-sealer as shown at 30 in FIGS. 1 and 2 can sever the
downstream package and form a new blind end in the bag 13. The
encapsulated waste matter is thereafter released by the arms 40.
into a chute, and directed to a storage area.
FIG. 4 shows an arrangement wherein the unit of FIG. 3 is mounted
with its axis A pivoted at 45' extension at a right angle to the
transport direction T. A track 45 is provided having an upstream
portion 45a which runs horizontally and a downstreamportion 45b
which runs vertically when pivoted.
When this device, once the blind end of the bag 13 strikes the
sensor on the plate 39 which may be activated by the length of the
extruded strand or by the weight of the strand. The arms 40 are
closed as explained above and the motor 37 is actuated. A
twised-off neck therefore formed between the two track sections 45a
and 45b so that the unit 30 can cut and seal the sleeve. Once the
arms 40 are released the packaged waste matter is directed to a
storage chute making the start of another cycle possible. I prefer,
however, to position the members 39, 40 in equispaced relationship
on a turntable which is rotated to carry away the filled package
and present another twisting cage to the following section, as
shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,481,286. Of course, as with all
embodiments, during the packaging operation the piston, ram or
auger of compactor 10 is not operated.
FIGS. 5 and 6 show an arrangement wherein a track 50 has two
in-line sections 50a and 50b. The upstream section 50a has rollers
51 like the track section 14a of FIG. 1. The downstream section 50b
has rollers 52 whose rotation planes are directed in the transport
direction T but which are arranged on pins 53 in notches 54 formed
around disks 55 keyed to shafts 56 which extend in the transport
direction T. A drive motor 57 is connected via a V-belt to all of
these shafts 56 to rotate them in the same direction when a
weight-sensitive strain gauge 59 located between the two track
sections 50a and 50b signals that a sufficient mass of compacted
trash lies on the track section 50b. On rotation the disks 55 form
a twisted-off neck in the bag 13 as described above. In this
arrangement a motor 60 connected via gears to the nozzle 12 serves
to rotate this element in a direction opposite that of the wheels
55 and thereby aid in formation of the neck. Thus it is possible
according to the present invention to counter-rotate two sections
of the bag, or to rotate only the upstream or the downstream
section while holding the other section still.
FIG. 7 shows an embodiment wherein the compactor 10 extrudes the
waste through the nozzle 12 and into a metal tube 65 provided with
a plurality of clips 31 that hold a collapsed length of vinyl
sleeve 13. A motor 66 is coupled to the tube 65 to rotate this
element along with the upstream section of the sleeve. A track 67
extends downstream from the end of the tube 65 and is provided with
a plurality of idler rollers 68 and immediately adjacent the
downstream end of tube 65 a row of rollers 59 driven by a motor
70.
This device forms a gap in the strand by actuation of the rollers
69 to pull a portion of the downstream section of sleeve off the
tube 65 while the compactor is stopped. Thereafter the tube 65 is
rotated by motor 66 to form the neck. Sealing and severing can be
carried out as described above in reference to the other
embodiments.
The packages of trash so formed are extremely easy to dispose of.
They are watertight so that they can be left outside in any
weather, and they are so tightly sealed that they are not
objectionable in any way. As a matter of fact when colored opaque
vinyl film is used for the bag the packaged trash is completely
inoffensive. Such is not the case with trash as processed up to
now.
* * * * *