U.S. patent number 3,761,986 [Application Number 04/660,369] was granted by the patent office on 1973-10-02 for vehicle washing apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Trans-Clean, Inc.. Invention is credited to Allen D. Rickel.
United States Patent |
3,761,986 |
Rickel |
October 2, 1973 |
VEHICLE WASHING APPARATUS
Abstract
Vehicle washing apparatus having a vertical brush mounted on an
extensible-retractable double pivoted frame for following and
washing front, side, and rear surfaces of the vehicle. The brush
extends below and above the vehicle and has a plurality of vertical
rows of relatively limp, pliant bristles. It is rotated with the
direction in which the vehicle is moving within a predetermined
rotational speed range to provide a unique operational action
causing the brush to conform to the profile of the vehicle. Aerial
sensing means are provided for shutting off the brush motor
momentarily to prevent damage to aerials, and override means are
provided to prevent the vehicle upper body structure from shutting
off the brush motor by contact with the aerial sensing means. A
multiplicity of vertical rows of short, relatively stiff, resilient
bristles are preferably interspersed with the rows of limp, pliant
bristles in the brush to provide a cushioning core for the
brush.
Inventors: |
Rickel; Allen D. (Deerfield,
IL) |
Assignee: |
Trans-Clean, Inc. (Glenview,
IL)
|
Family
ID: |
24649259 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/660,369 |
Filed: |
August 14, 1967 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
15/53.3;
15/DIG.5; 15/DIG.2; 15/183 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B60S
3/063 (20130101); Y10S 15/05 (20130101); Y10S
15/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B60S
3/06 (20060101); B60s 003/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;15/DIG.2,21C,53,97,183
;200/61.41 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Roberts; Edward L.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In apparatus for washing a vehicle being conveyed, the
combination comprising: a support structure; a first frame section
mounted on said support structure for horizontal pivotal movement
between an extended position and a retracted position, said first
frame section from its pivot point to its free end being oriented
in substantially the same direction as the direction in which said
vehicle is being conveyed when said first frame unit is in said
extended position, the free end of said first frame unit being
pivoted away from said vehicle when said first frame section is in
its retracted position; a second frame section mounted in said
first frame section adjacent the free end thereof for horizontal
pivotal movement between an extended position and a retracted
position, said second frame section from its pivot point to its
free end being oriented at an obtuse angle from said first frame
section when said second frame section is in its extended position,
said second frame section being at an acute angle from said first
frame section when said second frame section is in its retracted
position; a brush mounted on said second frame section adjacent the
free end thereof for rotation about a vertical axis, said brush
having a vertical dimension such that it extends from below the
underbody surfaces to above the roof surfaces of said vehicle, said
brush having a multiplicity of relatively limp, pliant bristles;
means for rotating said brush in the direction said vehicle is
being conveyed and at a speed of rotation such that said relatively
limp, pliant bristles are caused to extend outwardly under
centrifugal force and such that the action of said brush on
substantially vertical surfaces of said vehicle tends to draw said
brush toward said vehicle; means connected between said support
structure and said first frame section for urging said first frame
section pivotally toward said vehicle; means connected between said
first frame section and said second frame section for urging said
second frame section pivotally toward said first frame section when
activated; and means for activating said last named means prior to
contact with said brush by the front end of said vehicle when the
same is approaching to be washed and for deactivating said last
named means upon completion of passage of the adjacent side of said
vehicle past said brush whereby said brush follows and washes
front, side, and rear surfaces of said vehicle conforming to the
profile of the vehicle and overlapping onto hood, fender top, roof,
and rear deck surfaces of the vehicle.
2. In apparatus for washing a vehicle, the combination with the
apparatus defined in claim 1 comprising second apparatus identical
therewith but of opposite hand and spaced therefrom and staggered
therewith and means for conveying said vehicle along a
predetermined path past and between said first mentioned apparatus
and said second apparatus.
3. The combination defined in claim 1 further comprising means for
checking pivotal movement of said first frame section relative to
said support structure.
4. The combination defined in claim 3 wherein said means for urging
said second frame section pivotally toward said first frame section
when activated comprises pneumatic piston-and-cylinder means and
said means for activating said last named means comprises a source
of supply pressure, a solenoid-operated three-way valve having an
input port connected to said source of supply pressure, an exhaust
port vented to atmosphere, and an outlet port connected to one side
of said piston-and-cylinder unit, the opposite side of said
piston-and-cylinder unit being vented to atmosphere, and a
normally-open, spring-returned limit switch connected in series
with the solenoid portion of said solenoid-operated valve, said
limit switch having a projecting element adapted to close said
limit switch prior to contact of said vehicle by said brush whereby
said solenoid-operated valve is moved from a first position wherein
said outlet port is connected to said exhaust port exhausting said
one side of said piston-and-cylinder means to atmosphere to a
second position wherein said outlet port is connected to said inlet
port activating said piston-and-cylinder means by pressurizing said
one side thereof.
5. The combination defined in claim 4 wherein said means for urging
said first frame section pivotally toward said vehicle comprises
second piston-and-cylinder means having one side in constant
communication with said source of supply pressure and said means
for checking pivotal movement of said first frame section relative
to said support structure comprises a reservoir of hydraulic fluid,
a restricted conduit interconnecting said chamber and the opposite
side of said second piston-and-cylinder means whereby extension of
said second piston-and-cylinder means is checked by the restricted
flow of hydraulic fluid through said conduit.
6. In apparatus for washing a vehicle being conveyed along a
predetermined course and including a generally vertically-oriented
rotatable brush carried on a frame for washing surfaces of said
vehicle on one side thereof and a motor for driving said brush, the
combination therewith comprising: aerial sensing means for
momentarily de-energizing said motor upon contact sensing an aerial
or other structure on said one side of said vehicle projecting
above the height of the hood of said vehicle; and upper body
sensing means for overriding said aerial sensing means upon contact
sensing the upper body structure of said vehicle, aerial sensing
means and said upper body sensing means being arranged and adjusted
such that said motor is maintained energized during contact sensing
of said upper body structure of said vehicle by said aerial sensing
means.
7. The combination defined in claim 6 wherein said frame comprises:
a first frame section mounted on a support structure for horizontal
pivotal movement and a second frame section mounted on said first
frame section for horizontal pivotal movement and said brush is
mounted on said second frame section and is power driven in
rotation about a vertical axis in the direction said vehicle is
being conveyed, said brush having a vertical dimension such that it
extends from below the underbody surfaces to above the roof
surfaces of said vehicle, said brush having a multiplicity of
relatively limp, pliant bristles which are caused to extend
outwardly under centrifugal force, the action of said brush on
substantially vertical surfaces of said vehicle tending to draw
said brush toward said vehicle.
8. In apparatus for washing a vehicle being conveyed along a
predetermined course, the combination comprising: a brush for
washing said vehicle, a motor for driving said brush; first sensing
means, including an element projecting substantially horizontally
into the course of travel of said vehicle from one side thereof and
at a height higher than the hood of said vehicle, for shutting off
said motor when and so long as said projecting element of said
first sensing means is in actuating contact with structure of said
vehicle extending above the height of the hood of said vehicle;
second sensing means, including an element projecting substantially
vertically downwardly into the course of travel of said vehicle
from a position higher than the roof of said vehicle to a point
higher than the hood of said vehicle for overriding said first
sensing means to maintain said motor running when and so long as
said projecting element of said second sensing means is in
actuating contact with structure of said vehicle extending above
the height of the hood of said vehicle, said first and second
sensing means being arranged and adjusted such that said brush
motor is shut off momentarily to avert damage to aerials on said
vehicle projecting above the height of the hood of said vehicle by
actuating contact of said projecting portion of said first sensing
means with said aerials yet said motor is maintained running
despite contact by said projecting portion of said first means with
the upper body structure of said vehicle due to actuating contact
of said projecting portion of said second sensing means with said
upper body structure of said vehicle.
9. The combination defined in claim 8 wherein said first sensing
means comprises: a spring-returned, normally-closed limit switch
connected to said projecting element of said first sensing means;
and a relay having contacts connected in series with an operating
circuit of said motor, said limit switch being connected in series
with the coil of said relay such that the opening of said limit
switch due to contact of said projecting element of said first
sensing means with structure of said vehicle extending above the
height of the hood thereof causes said relay to open.
10. The combination defined in claim 9 wherein said projecting
element is positioned in advance of said brush and said relay is a
time-delayed closing relay such that said relay closes a
predetermined time after said limit switch is closed.
11. The combination defined in claim 10 wherein said second sensing
means comprises a spring-returned, normally open limit switch
connected to said projecting element of said first sensing means;
and an override relay having a first set of contacts connected
across said normally-closed limit switch and a second set of
contacts connected across said time-delayed relay, said
normally-open limit switch being connected in series with the coil
of said normally-open relay such that the closing of said
normally-open limit switch due to contact of said projecting
element of said second sensing means with said upper body structure
of said vehicle causes said first and second sets of contacts to
close, overriding said first sensing means.
12. In apparatus for washing a vehicle being conveyed, the
combination comprising: a support structure; a first frame section
mounted on said support structure for horizontal pivotal movement;
a second frame section mounted on said first frame section for
horizontal pivotal movement; a brush mounted on said second frame
section for rotation about a vertical axis, said brush having a
vertical dimension such that it extends from below the underbody
surfaces to above the roof surfaces of said vehicle, said brush
having a multiplicity of relatively limp, pliant bristles; means
for rotating said brush in the direction said vehicle is being
conveyed and at a speed of rotation of approximately 55-70
revolutions per minute such that said relatively limp, pliant
bristles are caused to extend outwardly under centrifugal force,
said brush having an effective diameter of approximately 4 feet
when said relatively limp, pliant bristles are extended by
centrifugal force, whereby said brush is adapted to conform to the
profile of the vehicle and such that the rotation of said brush
against vertical surfaces of said vehicle tends to draw said brush
toward said vehicle; means connected between said support structure
and said first frame section for urging said first frame pivotally
toward said vehicle; and means connected between said first frame
section and said second frame section for urging said second frame
section pivotally toward said first frame section when activated
and means for activating said last named means prior to contact
with said brush by the front end of said vehicle when the same is
approaching to be washed and for deactivating said last named means
with completion of passage of the adjacent side of said vehicle
past said brush.
13. In apparatus for washing a vehicle being conveyed, the
combination comprising: a frame mounted for horizontal pivotal
movement; a brush mounted on said frame for rotation about a
vertical axis, said brush having a vertical dimension such that it
extends from below the underbody surfaces to above the roof
surfaces of said vehicle, said brush having a multiplicity of
vertical rows of relatively limp, pliant bristles; and means for
rotating said brush in the direction said vehicle is being conveyed
and at a speed of rotation of approximately 55-70 revolutions per
minute such that said relatively limp, pliant bristles are caused
to extend outwardly under centrifugal force, said brush having an
effective diameter of approximately four feet when said relatively
limp, pliant bristles are extended by centrifugal force whereby the
action of said brush on substantially vertical surfaces of said
vehicle tends to draw said brush toward said vehicle, said brush
further having a multiplicity of vertical rows of radially
extending, relatively stiff, resilient bristles interposed between
said rows of relatively limp, pliant bristles, said resilient
bristles being appreciably less in length than said relatively
limp, pliant bristles so as to form an inner cushioning core in
said brush.
Description
This invention relates to apparatus fOr washing vehicles, such as
automobiles, being moved along a predetermined course. More
particularly, this invention relates to a vertically-oriented
wrap-around brush apparatus for following and washing front, side,
and rear surfaces of the vehicle.
Although it has been known to employ vertically oriented rotating
brushes for washing the side of a vehicle being moved past the
washing station, the brush arrangements of the prior art have been
attended by many problems which have prevented the use of such
vertically-oriented brushes to optimum advantage. For example,
because of the presence of radio aerials on many automobiles,
vertical brushes are frequently dimensioned and arranged such that
the bristles will not engage the radio aerials which are likely to
be damaged or ripped from the vehicle by engagement with the
rotating brush. In fact, it has been known to employ complex
arrangements of plural vertical brushes for washing one side of the
vehicle with the various vertical brushes being arranged so that
there will be no appreciable overlap with the hood, fender top or
rear deck surfaces of the vehicle, thereby preventing engagement of
radio aerials which are conventionally mounted on or adjacent these
surfaces. The result, howeVer, is not only to increase the cost of
the brush apparatus but also to unduly limit the capability of the
brush apparatus to conform to the contours and profile of the
vehicle.
It is a principal object of the present invention to provide
apparatus including a vertically-oriented brush which has a
vertical dimension extending from below the underbody surfaces of
the vehicle to above the roof surfaces of the vehicle and which has
an effective radius and movement such that the brush will conform
to the contours and profile of the vehicle to overlap and wash
appreciable portions of the horizontal hood, fender top, roof, and
rear trunk deck surfaces in addition to the vertical surfaces of
the front, side, and rear of the vehicle.
It is a further principal object of the present invention to
provide means for sensing a radio aerial and de-energizing the
brush motor momentarily to prevent damage to the sensed radio
aerial and to provide override means for preventing brush motor
de-energization due to contact with the upper body structure of the
vehicle by the aerial sensing means.
Another problem encountered with brushes of the prior art has been
damage to the vehicle due to factors such as speed of rotation of
the brush and the action of power operated frame structures
carrying the brush.
It is therefore another principal object of the present invention
to provide a brush unit of the wrap-around type having a gentle
action provided by the unique employment of a drawing effect on the
brush in the operational action of the brush unit.
Moreover, in brushes of the wrap-around type which engage and wash
front, side, and rear surfaces of the vehicle, the brush can become
trapped in recesses in the front of the vehicle, a condition which
tends to impair the washing operation and which may result in
damage to either or both the vehicle and the brush.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a
central cushioning core in the brush of short, relatively stiff,
resilient bristles to prevent the brush from becoming trapped in
frontal recesses in the vehicle and to prevent damage to projecting
portions of the vehicle.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide
vehicle washing apparatus which is characterized by increased
versatility with minimum complexity.
These and other objects and features of the invention will be
better understood by reference to the following detailed
description in conjunction with the drawings.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of an installation according to the present
invention.
FIG. 2 is a partly elevational and partly cross-sectional view
taken at 2--2 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is an end elevational view taken at 3--3 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged plan view of the pivotal frame carrying the
brush.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the support structure, pivotal
frame, and brush assembly.
FIG. 6 is a plan view of a brush for use in accordance with the
present invention.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken at line 7--7 of FIG. 6.
FIG. 8 is an enlarged plan view of the central portion of the brush
shown in FIG. 6 with portions broken away.
FIG. 9 is a broken view taken at 9--9 of FIG. 8 of the central
portion of the brush shown in FIG. 8.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of one vertical row of bristles used
in the brush illustrated in FIGS. 6 through 9.
FIG. 11 is an enlarged plan view of the operation of the brush of
the present invention in a frontal recess of the vehicle being
washed.
FIG. 12 is a plan view of an installation to illustrate the brush
apparatus substantially extended to wash a portion of the front of
the vehicle.
FIG. 13 is a view taken at 13--13 of FIG. 12.
FIG. 14 is a view taken at 14--14 of FIG. 12.
FIG. 15 is a partially diagrammatic plan view of a portion of the
installation shown in FIG. 12 to illustrate the brush apparatus
substantially retracted and beginning to wash the side of the
vehicle.
FIG. 16 is a view taken at 16--16 of FIG. 15.
FIG. 17 is a partially diagrammatic plan view of the installation
shown in FIG. 12 to illustrate the left hand brush washing the left
side of the vehicle and the right hand brush beginning to wash the
remainder of the front of the vehicle.
FIG. 18 is a view taken at 18--18 of FIG. 17.
FIG. 19 is a partially diagrammatic plan view of the installation
shown in FIG. 12 with the left hand brush beginning to wash a
portion of the rear of the vehicle and the right hand brush washing
the right side of the vehicle.
FIG. 20 is a view taken at 20--20 of FIG. 19.
FIG. 21 is a partially diagrammatic plan view of the installation
shown in FIG. 12 to illustrate the left hand brush completing its
washing cycle.
FIG. 22 is a view taken at 22--22 of FIG. 21.
FIG. 23 is a top plan partially diagrammatic view of the
installation shown in FIG. 12 to illustrate automatic brush motor
shut-off to prevent damage to a radio aerial on the vehicle being
washed.
FIG. 24 is an end view in elevation of another form of
vertically-oriented brush having an effective radius greater than
the width of the vehicle.
FIG. 25 is a diagrammatic representation of the control system for
operating the pivotal frame structure carrying the brush.
FIG. 26 is a diagrammatic representation of the electrical brush
motor control circuit for preventing damage to radio aerials
carried by the vehicle being washed.
Referring to FIG. 1, an installation according to the present
invention is shown with a left hand brush unit 31 of the
wrap-around type for following and washing front, left side, and
rear surfaces of the approaching automobile 33. A right hand brush
unit 32 is laterally spaced from and staggered rearwardly of the
left hand brush unit 31 for washing remaining front and rear
surfaces as well as right side surfaces of the automobile 33. The
two units 31 and 32 are preferably identical in structure and
operation except that they are of opposite hand as shown.
A power driven automobile conveyor 34 is provided with rollers 35
for engaging the front left tires of the vehicles to be washed and
moving the vehicles along a predetermined course between the brush
units 31 and 32 at a predetermined speed in the direction indicated
by the arrow 37 in FIG. 1. The elongate members 36 of the conveyor
34 guide the left side tires of the vehicles and thereby define the
predetermined course of travel of the vehicles.
THE PIVOTAL FRAME STRUCTURE
Since the two brush units 31 and 32 are identical in structure,
only the details of the pivotal frame structure 40 of the brush
unit 31 will be described in detail, the brush unit 32 having a
structure arranged for right hand operation.
The pivotal frame structure 40 of the brush unit 31 is best
illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5. As seen therein, it includes a
primary generally rectangular frame section 38 which is pivotally
mounted at one end on rigid upper and lower support arms 39 and 41
which project from a support structure or standard 42. Suitable
pillow blocks 43 are provided for receiving vertical pivot pins 44
to facilitate horizontal pivotal or swinging movement of the
primary frame section 38 relative to the support structure 42.
A secondary generally rectangular frame section 45 is pivotally
mounted at one end on the free end of the inner frame section 38.
Again suitable pillow blocks 46 are provided for receiving the
vertical pivot pins 47 to facilitate horizontal pivotal or swinging
movement of the secondary frame section 45 relative to the primary
frame section 38.
The brush 48 itself is mounted on the free end of the secondary
frame section 45 by a vertical shaft 49 received within pillow
blocks 51 for driven rotation about the vertical axis defined by
the shaft 49. A suitable electric motor 52 of about 1-1/2
horsepower operating through a speed reduction gear box 54 rotates
the brush 48 in the counterclockwise direction indicated by the
arrow 53. Details of the structure and action of the brush 48 will
be described further on.
To operate the pivotal frame structure 40 there is provided a pair
of piston-and-cylinder units 55 and 56. The primary
piston-and-cylinder unit 55 is interconnected between the base
structure 42 and the primary pivotal frame section 38.
Specifically, it is pivotally attached at its head end by a pin 57
to a third rigid arm 58 projecting from the support structure and
pivotally attached at the end of its piston rod 61 by pin 62 to a
member 63 which is rigid with the primary frame section 38 and
projects horizontally therefrom at right angles.
The secondary piston-and-cylinder unit 56 is interconnected between
the primary pivotal frame section 38 and the secondary pivotal
frame section 45. At its head end, it is pivotally attached to the
primary frame section 38 by a pin 64 at a point approximately
equidistant from the ends of the frame section 38. The end of the
piston rod 65 is pivotally attached to the secondary pivotal frame
section 45 by a pin 66 at a point approximately one-fourth of the
distance from the pivot end to the free end of the frame section
45. Details of the operation and control of the piston-and-cylinder
units 55 and 56 will be described further on.
In order to define the angular extent of pivotal movement of the
primary pivotal frame section 38, a pair of limit stop members 67
and 68 are rigidly affixed to the upper support arm 39 to define,
respectively, the extended and retracted angular limit positions of
the primary pivotal frame section 38. Bumpers 69 and 70 of rubber
or other resilient material are mounted on the limit stop members
67 and 68, respectively, to cushion abutment of the primary frame
section against the respective limit stop members. It should be
noted that in its extended position as shown in elevation in FIG.
1, the primary frame section 38 from its pivot point to its free
end is oriented substantially in the direction of travel of the
automobile 33, whereas in its retracted position, the primary frame
section is oriented outwardly away from the course of travel of the
automobile 33 at an angle of approximately 53.degree.. The primary
frame section in its retracted position in FIG. 4 is denoted by the
reference numeral 38'.
Similarly, a pair of limit stop members 71 and 72 are provided to
define the angular extent of pivotal movement of the secondary
frame section 45 relative to the primary frame section 38. The
limit stop 71 is rigidly affixed to the primary frame section 38
near the free end thereof to define the retracted limit position of
the secondary frame section 45 which is denoted by the reference
numeral 45' in FIG. 4. In its fully retracted position, the
secondary frame section extends inwardly toward the course of
travel of the automobile 33 at an included angle of approximately
85.degree. with respect to the primary frame section. The limit
stop 72 is rigidly affixed to the primary frame section 38,
extending angularly from the free end thereof to define the
extended limit position of the secondary frame section with respect
to the primary frame section. As depicted in FIG. 4, the secondary
frame section in its fully extended position extends inwardly at an
included angle of approximately 120.degree. with respect to the
primary frame section. Bumpers 73 and 74 are mounted on the limit
stop members 71 and 72, respectively, to cushion abutment of the
secondary frame section against the limit stop members.
THE BRUSH STRUCTURE
Referring now to FIGS. 6 through 10, the unique brush structure of
the present invention is illustrated. It is important to note that
the brush 48 carries two forms of bristles: (1) long, relatively
limp, pliant bristles 75; and (2) short, relatively stiff,
resilient bristles 76. Both types of bristles are arranged in
vertical rows and carried by a central support core assembly 77.
The support core assembly 77 includes a circular plate 78 welded or
otherwise rigidly affixed to the brush shaft 49 near the top
thereof, and a like circular plate 79 similarly affixed to shaft 49
near the bottom thereof. A pair of elongate semi-cylindrical
members 81 and 82 extend vertically from the top plate 78 to the
bottom plate 79 and are rigidly clamped thereto. The
semi-cylindrical members are each provided with outwardly
projecting vertical fin elements 83 defining a plurality of
vertical flutes or channels 84 which are generally trapezoidal in
cross-sectional configuration as depicted in FIG. 8. The
semi-cylindrical members are clamped to the circular plates by
clamps 85 having fingers 87 which engage in respective spaces
between the flutes 84 as shown in FIG. 8. The clamps 85 are secured
to the circular plates by screws 86.
The short stiff bristles 76 are preferably formed of nylon or like
material and are arranged in row groups and fused or otherwise
secured together at one end into elongate prismatic common base 88
having a trapezoidal cross-sectional configuration compatible with
the flutes 84 as depicted in FIG. 10. Each row group is inserted
into a selected flute 84 and locked therein by peening or bending
over the top and bottom ends of the associated fins 83 in the
manner depicted in FIG. 9. The long pliant bristles 75 are
preferably formed of polyethylene or like material and are arranged
in row groups and secured to the core assembly 77 in the same
manner. As best illustrated in FIG. 11, there are more vertical
rows of the long pliant bristles 75 than of the short stiff
bristles 76, and the rows of short stiff bristles 76 are relatively
uniformly interspersed among the rows of long pliant bristles 75.
The short stiff bristles form a central cushioning core of
approximately 1 foot in diameter for preventing damage to the
vehicle being washed and preventing the brush from becoming trapped
in frontal recesses in the vehicle as will be discussed further
on.
THE PIVOTAL FRAME CONTROLS
Referring to FIG. 5, it should be noted that the primary frame
section 38 carries a limit switch 89 adjustably secured on a plate
91 rigidly affixed to the vertical member 92 of the primary frame
section. Affixed to the movable element of the limit switch is a
relatively stiff, resilient sensing wand 93 of about 42 inches in
length. This wand is located approximately 26 inches above the
floor level and extends perpendicularly into the course of travel
of the vehicle to be washed when the primary frame section 38 is in
its extended position as shown in FIG. 1. The limit switch 89 is a
normally-open, spring-returned limit switch adjusted to close upon
approximately 10.degree. angular counterclockwise travel of the
wand 93 relative to the limit switch and to permit an additional
75.degree. of angular overtravel by the wand. The function of this
arrangement is to sense the approaching vehicle and initiate
retraction of the secondary pivotal frame 45 as the front of the
vehicle approaches the brush 48. This will be better understood by
reference to FIG. 25 which provides a diagrammatic representation
of the pivotal frame control system.
As shown in FIG. 25, the normally-open limit switch 89 is
electrically connected in series with a solenoid-operated three-way
valve 94 across line voltage terminals 95. As will be further
described, closure of the limit switch 89 causes the rod side of
the secondary piston-and-cylinder unit 56 to become pressurized to
urge the secondary frame toward its retracted position.
Giving consideration to the general arrangement of the pivotal
frame control system shown in FIG. 25, it is seen that it includes
a pressure regulator 96 connected at its input to a suitable supply
source of air under pressure, such as a compressor, for providing
air at its output at a regulated pressure of approximately 100
p.s.i. The output of the pressure regulator 96 is connected via a
conduit 97 to the input port 98 of the solenoid-operated three-way
valve 94. The output port 99 of the three-way valve is connected
via a conduit 101 and an adjustable flow control valve 102 to the
piston rod side of the secondary piston-and-cylinder unit 56. When
the three-way valve 94 is in its normal or closed position, that
is, when the solenoid portion of the valve is deactivated by
opening of the limit switch 89, the output port 99 is connected to
an exhaust port 104. The head side of the piston-and-cylinder unit
56 is constantly maintained at atmospheric pressure by a vent port
105.
A branch conduit 106 leads from the pressure regulator 96 to a
pressure reducer 107, the output of which is connected via a
conduit 109 and adjustable flow control valve 108 to the rod side
of the primary piston-and-cylinder unit 55. The pressure reducer
107 output is preferably set at 15 p.s.i. Thus, there is constant
pressure on the primary piston-and-cylinder unit 55 urging the
primary frame section toward its extended position. The head side
of the primary piston-and-cylinder unit 55 is connected via an
adjustable flow control valve 111 and conduit 112 to a fluid
reservoir 113 which is substantially completely filled with
hydraulic fluid when the piston-and-cylinder unit 55 is completely
retracted. The top of the reservoir 113 is vented to atmosphere by
vent 114.
The three flow control valves 102, 108, and 111 are of the type
comprising an adjustable restriction needle valve in parallel with
a check valve as illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 25. The
Series J valves sold by Alkon Products Corporation are suitable
flow control valves of this type. It should be noted that the flow
control valve 102 has its check valve portion 102a oriented to pass
return flow from the rod side of the cylinder unit 56, thereby
enabling quick exhaust of the cylinder unit 56. The flow control
valve 108 has its check valve portion 108a oriented to pass return
flow from the rod side of the cylinder unit 55 to prevent excessive
pressure build-up in the rod side of the cylinder unit 55. The flow
control valve 111 has its check valve portion 111a oriented to pass
flow from the head side of the cylinder unit 55. The flow control
valve 111 thereby serves to check or cushion extension of the
cylinder unit 55 while offering little resistance to retraction of
the cylinder unit 55.
THE MOTOR CONTROL CIRCUIT
Referring again to FIGS. 1 and 2, it is important to note the
provision of a radio aerial sensing limit switch 115 and associated
wand 116 mounted on the forward end of the arm 63 of the primary
frame section 38. The limit switch 115 is a normally closed,
spring-returned limit switch. The wand 116 is approximately 40
inches in length. It is positioned approximately 4 feet above the
floor level and projects perpendicularly into the course of travel
of vehicles to be washed when the primary pivotal frame section 38
is in its extended position. A 10.degree. counterclockwise angular
movement of the wand 116 relative to the limit switch will open the
limit switch, and an additional 75.degree. of angular overtravel of
the wand 116 is provided by the limit switch.
It is also important to note the provision of a second windshield
or upper body structure sensing limit switch 117 and associated
wand 118 mounted on a suitable support above height of the top of
vehicles to be washed. The limit switch 117 is a normally-open,
spring-returned limit switch also having a 10.degree. angular
actuation and an additional 75.degree. angular overtravel. The wand
118 projects vertically downwardly into the course of travel of the
vehicles being washed. The tip of the wand 118 is preferably
approximately 4 feet from the floor level and is normally disposed
at a point approximately 22 inches rearwardly of the forwardmost
position of the aerial sensing wand 116 when the primary frame
section 38 is in its extended position.
Turning now to FIG. 26, the motor control circuit including the
limit switches 115 and 117 is shown diagrammatically. As seen, the
brush motor operating circuit 119 is connected across the line
voltage terminals 121 in series with a line switch 123 and the
contacts 122 of a relay 124. The relay 124 has a time delay in
closing of, for example, 4 or 5 seconds. The normally-closed limit
switch 115 is connected across the line terminals 121 in series
with the operating coil 125 of the time-delayed closing relay. The
normally-open limit switch 117 is connected across the line
terminals 121 in series with the operating coil 127 of a control
relay 126. A first set of contacts 128 of the control relay 126 is
connected in parallel with the limit switch 115. A second set of
contacts 129 is connected in parallel with the contacts 122 of the
time-delayed relay.
OPERATION
In FIGS. 1 through 3, the automobile 33 is being conveyed in the
direction indicated by the arrow 37 and is approaching the left
hand brush unit 31. The pivotal frame section 38 is in its extended
position due to the normally-retracted condition of the primary
piston-and-cylinder unit 55. There is no air pressure on either
side of the secondary piston-and-cylinder unit 56. However, the
secondary frame unit 45 is in its extended position since this is
the final position assumed in the washing cycle performed by the
brush unit 31 on the preceding vehicle. Moreover, the reaction
force moment on secondary frame unit 45 due to driven rotation of
the brush 48 in the counterclockwise direction urges the secondary
frame section toward its extended position.
Prior to contacting the brush 48, the automobile closes the
normally-open limit switch 89 by contacting and moving the wand 93
rearwardly in a counterclockwise direction. This serves to actuate
the solenoid-operated valve 94 (FIG. 25) pressurizing the rod side
of the secondary piston-and-cylinder unit 56 to cause the unit 56
to retract. The rate at which the secondary piston-and-cylinder
unit retracts can be varied by adjustment of the flow control valve
102 (FIG. 25). In this way the elbow joint formed by primary and
secondary frame sections 38 and 45 is buckled, advancing the
secondary frame section 45 toward the automobile 33 to its
retracted position denoted as 45' in FIG. 1 and moving the brush 48
into contact with the front of the automobile 33.
In FIG. 12, the automobile 33 and the brush 48 have come into
contact, and the brush 48 is washing the front of the
automobile.
At this juncture it is important to note that the interrelationship
between the direction and speed of rotation of the brush 48 and the
effective diameter of the brush is a critical factor both in the
operation and cleaning action of the brush units. As previously
noted, the brush 48 of the left hand unit 31 is rotated in a
counterclockwise direction. This may also be referred to as
rotation in or with the direction of movement of the vehicle being
washed, that is, when the brush 48 is washing the side of the
vehicle, bristles in contact with the vehicle are moving in the
same direction as the vehicle, albeit much faster. Accordingly, in
right hand brush units such as the unit 32, the brush must be
rotated clockwise as indicated in FIG. 12. The relationship between
the speed and effective diameter of the brush may be expressed in
terms of the speed at which the tips of the long bristles 75 move
when not in contact with a surface of the vehicle. For a
conventional conveyance speed of 20 to 65 feet per minute of the
vehicle past the brush unit, the speed of the outer bristle tips
should be within the range of from approximately 690 feet per
minute to approximately 943 feet per minute with the preferred
speed being approximately 855 feet per minute. By way of example,
the invention has been successfully practiced with a brush 48
having an effective diameter under rotation of 48 inches and at a
rotational speed of 68 to 70 revolutions per minute to provide a
bristle tip speed of approximately 855 feet per minute.
If the 48 inch diameter brush 48 is rotated slower than 55
revolutions per minute so that the speed of the tips of the long
bristles is less than 690 feet per minute, the cleaning action of
the brush is impaired. Moreover, the wrap-around operation of the
brush unit itself is impaired if the speed is too slow. By way of
explanation, it has been found that the rotation of the brush 48
against vertical surfaces of the vehicle develops a force on the
brush 48 drawing the brush against the vehicle. This drawing effect
is employed in the present invention to maintain the brush 48 in
contact with the vehicle as the vehicle moves past the brush unit,
particularly in washing the rear of the vehicle. The drawing effect
varies with the speed of rotation of the brush 48. Hence, if the 48
inch brush is rotated too slowly -- below 55 revolutions per minute
-- the drawing effect on the brush is impaired in addition to
poorer cleaning action. If the 48 inch brush is rotated at too
great a speed -- above 70 revolutions per minute -- the drawing
effect is too great, and the brush can damage the automobile
surfaces and elements such as rear view mirrors projecting from the
automobile.
Returning to FIGS. 12 through 14, it should be noted that the brush
48 cleans the left half of the front end of the automobile. On many
cars, the brush 48 may, in fact, overlap and clean an appreciable
portion of the right half of the front. Moreover, the brush
overlaps and cleans an appreciable portion of the hood surface.
Due to the continuing advance of the automobile 33, the brush 48 is
forced rearwardly and to the left across the front of the
automobile 33 compatibly with the direction of rotation of the
brush 48. The complete pivotal frame 40 swings outwardly about the
pivot pins 44 and against the bias exerted by the primary
piston-and-cylinder unit 55 to the substantially retracted position
illustrated in FIGS. 15 and 16. The pivotal frame 40 remains in
this substantially retracted position as the side of the automobile
33 proceeds past the brush 48, as illustrated in FIGS. 17 through
20. It should be noted that the wand 93 is substantially trapped
between the brush 48 and the side of the automobile 33. As the rear
of the automobile 33 passes the tip of the wand 93, the wand 93 is
released, permitting the limit switch 89 to open. The wand 93 is
aided in returning to its noncontact position by a flip from the
brush 48 itself. When the limit switch 89 opens, the pressure on
the rod side of the secondary piston-and-cylinder unit 56 is
relieved to permit the secondary frame section 45 to move toward
its extended position as the brush 48 washes the left half of the
rear of the automobile 33 as illustrated in FIG. 21. The drawing
force on the brush referred to previously causes the brush 48 to
adhere to and follow the rear of the automobile 33 as it moves away
from the brush unit 31, extending the secondary pivotal frame
section 45 as depicted in FIGS. 21 and 22, the phantom view in FIG.
21 illustrating a position of the brush near the end of the washing
cycle. The reaction force moment previously referred to also urges
the frame section 45 toward its extended position. At the same
time, the pneumatic bias exerted by the primary piston-and-cylinder
unit 55 on the primary frame section 38 moves the primary frame
section toward its extended position so that the brush 48 moves
from left to right to clean the left half of the rear of the
automobile 33. This movement from left to right is assisted by the
rotation of the brush 48 itself against the rear of the automobile.
When the washing cycle is completed, the pivotal frame assembly 40
will be completely extended.
Referring now briefly to FIG. 11, there is shown an enlarged view
of the action of the brush 48 in a frontal recess of the automobile
33. The short relatively stiff, resilient bristles 76 prevent the
longer pliant bristles 75 from being wrapped tightly against the
central support core assembly 77 and act as a cushion to prevent
damage to the automobile or to the brush. Significantly, the stiff
bristles 76 will tend to "walk" the brush out of the frontal recess
due to the direction of rotation of the brush 48 if the brush
enters too far into the frontal recess.
It is important to understand that the brush 48 will clean
appreciable portions of the horizontal hood, fender top, roof, and
rear trunk deck surfaces of the automobile 33, since it conforms to
the profile of the automobile. This profile conformation is
particularly important as the brush washes the side of the
automobile which may have various undulations and contours. The
washing action is complete and yet gentle. The brush 48 itself has
a vertical dimension of at least 60 inches and is mounted on the
pivotal frame assembly 40 which is spaced 9 inches from the floor
level. Taking into account the droop of the long bristles 75 even
under rotation, the brush 48 extends from below the underbody
surfaces to above and onto the roof surface of automobiles. Thus,
the surfaces which are not washed by the brushing units 31 and 32
can be easily reached by an overhead horizontal brush.
Because the brush 48 conforms to the left side profile of the
automobile 33 from roof to underbody surfaces as it washes with
appreciable overlap onto the hood, fender top, and rear trunk deck
surfaces, it would tend to engage radio aerials mounted on the left
side of the automobile. Since engagement of an aerial by the
rotating brush 48 may damage the aerial, the aerial sensing wand
116 has been provided. When this wand is moved counterclockwise by
contact with a radio aerial, the limit switch 115 is opened,
de-energizing the relay coil 125. In this connection it should be
noted that the wand 116 will be angled rearwardly to a position
slightly in advance of the brush 48 when contacted by
conventionally positioned radio aerials due to the fact that the
primary pivotal frame section 38 will be in its retracted position.
This position of the wand 116 is illustrated, for example, in FIG.
15. Thus, the brush motor 52 will be de-energized as the brush 48
reaches the aerial. The long pliant bristles 75 droop as the
rotational speed of the brush 48 drops, thereby reducing the
effective diameter of the brush to miss the aerial, as illustrated
in FIG. 23. When the aerial leaves the tip of the wand 116, the
limit switch 115 closes activating the relay coil 125 to initiate
the time-delayed closing cycle of the relay 124. Thus, the motor 52
restarts after a 4 to 5 second delay for resumption of normal
washing operation with the bristles 75 fully extended.
Since the aerial sensing wand 116 will also normally contact the
upper body structure of the automobile 33 (i.e., the portion of the
body structure which extends above the hood level), provision has
been made to override the limit switch 117 in this event. The
override means comprises the limit switch 117 operated by the
windshield sensing wand 118. When the windshield sensing wand 118
strikes the windshield of the automobile 33, the limit switch 117
actuates the relay 126 closing the contactors 128 and 129. Thus,
the time-delayed relay 124 is shunted to maintain the brush motor
52 running yet permits the time-delayed relay 124 to run out its
timing cycle. The windshield sensing wand 118 tip is preferably
located so that it overrides the time-delayed relay 124 as or just
before the brush 48 reaches the point on the windshield or other
upper body structure of the automobile 33 which contacted the
aerial sensing wand 116 so as to override the time-delayed relay
124 as or just before it opens, thereby achieving the override
function without impairing the aerial sensing function with respect
to aerials spaced closely in advance of the windshield of the
automobile. The position of the aerial sensing wand 116 is depicted
in FIGS. 1 and 2.
Because of its position and orientation, the wand 118 will normally
be released by the upper body structure of the automobile shortly
after release of the aerial sensing wand 116 permitting the brush
motor 52 to be momentarily de-energized on contact by the wand 116
with rear mounted aerials.
In FIG. 24, there is shown a brush unit 131 which is identical with
the same form of pivotal frame action and mode of operation as the
brush unit 31 previously described except that the effective
diameter of the brush 148 under rotation is approximately 84
inches. The rotational speed of the brush 148 is preferably about
40 revolutions per minute so as to come within the speed range
previously referred to. Obviously, the dimensions of the primary
and secondary pivotal frame sections 138 and 145 will differ from
the dimensions used in the case with the smaller 48 inch brush
previously described. The advantage of the larger brush 148 is that
it will overlap and wash much greater portions of the hood, roof,
and rear deck surfaces of the automobile so that only a small,
inexpensive overhead horizontal brush need be employed to wash the
areas not reached by the brush 148 on large width vehicles.
For the sake of brevity, the various water and detergent sprays
employed to wet the surface of the vehicles being washed have not
been shown or described. It should be understood that various
conventional arrangements for such sprays may be used in
conjunction with the present invention.
While certain preferred forms of the present invention have been
described and illustrated, it is to be understood that this is
merely by way of example and is not to be construed in any manner
as a limitation. It is contemplated that modifications may be made
within the scope of the claims without departing from the spirit of
the invention.
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