U.S. patent number 3,761,958 [Application Number 05/332,728] was granted by the patent office on 1973-09-25 for pressure switch.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Denki Onkyo Co., Ltd.. Invention is credited to Seishiro Nishira.
United States Patent |
3,761,958 |
Nishira |
September 25, 1973 |
PRESSURE SWITCH
Abstract
A pressure switch comprising a housing having an internal cavity
which is divided into a high pressure chamber and a low pressure
chamber by a flexible diaphragm, a moving yoke which forms part of
a magnetic path and moves in accordance with a motion of the said
diaphragm, a galvano-magnetro effect device which is provided in
said magnetic path and is exposed to a magnetic flux which varies
in accordance with movement of the said moving yoke, wherein a
switching circuit operates with the function of the said
galvano-magnetro effect device.
Inventors: |
Nishira; Seishiro (Tokyo,
JA) |
Assignee: |
Denki Onkyo Co., Ltd. (Tokyo,
JA)
|
Family
ID: |
12019594 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/332,728 |
Filed: |
February 15, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
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Feb 18, 1972 [JA] |
|
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47/20167 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
338/36;
G9B/15.075; 73/728; 338/32R; 338/42; 257/E43.001 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01L
43/00 (20130101); H01H 35/24 (20130101); G11B
15/58 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G11B
15/58 (20060101); H01H 35/24 (20060101); H01L
43/00 (20060101); G11B 15/00 (20060101); H01c
013/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;338/32R,32H,36,42
;73/398AR ;324/45,46 ;323/94H |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Albritton; C. L.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A pressure switch comprising:
a. a housing made of a non-magnetic material having an internal
cavity,
b. a flexible diaphragm which divides said cavity into a high
pressure chamber and low pressure chamber and causes the capacities
of said both chambers to vary relatively,
c. a high pressure side port which is provided in said housing so
as to lead to said high pressure chamber,
d. a low pressure side port which is provided in said housing so as
to lead to said low pressure chamber,
e. a moving member made of a non-magnetic material which is
provided on one of high pressure and low pressure chamber side
surfaces of said flexible diaphragm so that said moving member
moves in accordance with displacement of said flexible
diaphragm,
f. guides provided on said housing to guide the said moving
member,
g. a magnetic path comprised of a magnetic moving yoke which is
fixed on said moving member,
h. at least one galvano-magnetro effect device provided in said
magnetic path, and
i. a switching circuit which is provided with a switching device
and is connected to said galvano-magnetro effect device and
performs the switching operation in accordance with actuation of
said galvano-magnetro effect device,
wherein the intensity of magnetic flux to be applied to said
galvono-magnetro effect device through said magnetic path varies in
accordance with movement of said moving yoke.
2. A pressure switch according to claim 1, wherein a printed
circuit board is provided inside said housing and said printed
circuit board is formed with said switching circuit.
3. A pressure switch according to claim 1, wherein said magnetic
path is comprised of said moving yoke and a magnetic fixing yoke
fixed inside said housing, the fixed yoke opposes to both end faces
in parallel with the moving direction of the moving yoke, and one
of the fixed yoke and moving yoke contains a magnet.
4. A pressure switch according to claim 3, wherein said
galvano-magnetro effect device is fixed at a position opposing to
said moving yoke on the fixed yoke.
5. A pressure switch according to claim 3, wherein said moving yoke
is made of a magnet, both poles of which are respectively opposed
to said fixed yoke.
6. A pressure switch according to claim 3, wherein said fixed yoke
contains a magnet.
7. A pressure switch according to claim 1, wherein a resetting
means is provided which depresses said flexible diaphragm so that
said flexible diaphragm deflects towards said high pressure chamber
when there is no difference of pressure between the high pressure
chamber and the low pressure chamber and which has a resetting
force against displacement of said flexible diaphragm causing the
capacity of said high pressure chamber to increase.
8. A pressure switch according to claim 7, wherein said moving
member and said resetting means are provided in the low pressure
chamber.
9. A pressure switch according to claim 8, wherein said resetting
means makes said moving member contact at all times said low
pressure chamber side surface of said flexible diaphragm.
10. A pressure switch according to claim 7, wherein said moving
member is provided in the high pressure chamber and said resetting
means in the low pressure chamber.
11. A pressure switch according to claim 7, wherein a coil spring
is employed as said resetting means.
12. A pressure switch according to claim 1, wherein a pair of
magnetro-resistance effect device are employed as said
galvano-magnetro effect device.
13. A pressure switch according to claim 12, wherein one of said
both magnetro-resistance effect devices receives the magnetic flux
when there is not a great pressure difference of pressures in said
high and low pressure chambers and does not receive the magnetic
flux when there is a great pressure difference, and the other
magnetro-resistance effect device receives the magnetic flux when
there is a great difference of pressures in said both chambers and
does not receive the magnetic flux when there is not a great
pressure difference.
14. A pressure switch according to claim 13, wherein a transistor
is employed as said switching device, said both magnetro-resistance
effect devices are connected in series, the specified voltage is
applied across both ends of said devices in series connection, and
the voltage across both ends of one device is applied as the base
bias voltage of said transistor.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a pressure switch which operates
with a pressure difference of a flowing substance such as, for
example, a gas.
Recently, the control system utilizing a pressure has come to be
employed along with rapid development of various types of automatic
equipment and the pressure switches of high durability and
operation accuracy have been generally demanded. On the contrary,
conventional switches having electrical contacts are not
serviceable for a long period of time and are, furthermore,
complicated in the construction with low accuracy since the
pressure variation in the analogue type is converted to the
operation of contacts in the digital type.
The present invention provides a contactless pressure switch free
from the said disadvantages.
SUMMARY
The pressure switch in accordance with the present invention
comprises a housing made of a non-magnetic material having an
internal cavity, a flexible diaphragm which divides the said
internal cavity into a high pressure chamber and a low pressure
chamber and moves so as to vary the capacities of the two chambers
relatively in accordance with a difference in pressures of the said
both chambers, a high pressure side port provided at the said
housing to lead to the said high pressure chamber, a low pressure
side port provided at the housing to lead to the said low pressure
chamber, a non-magnetic moving member provided at one side of the
said flexible diaphragm, for example, the side facing the low
pressure chamber so that the said moving member moves in accordance
with movement of the said flexible diaphragm, guides provided on
the said housing to guide the said moving member, a magnetic path
containing a moving yoke made of a magnetic material which is fixed
on the said moving member, a galvano-magnetro effect device such
as, for example, a magnetro-resistance effect device which is
provided in the said magnetic path to receive the magnetic flux the
density of which varies in accordance with movement of the said
moving yoke, and a switching circuit comprised of a switching
device which performs the switching in response to the function of
the said magnetro-resistance effect device, such as, for example, a
switching circuit provided with transistors.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention is illustrated in detail by the accompanying
drawings whereon:
FIG. 1a is a cross sectional plan view of the pressure switch of
the present invention,
FIG. 1b is a cross sectional front view of the said switch,
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing an embodiment of a switching
circuit to be employed in the pressure switch in accordance with
the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a partly magnified sectional view of the pressure switch
as seen along line 1--1 in FIG. 1a,
FIG. 4 is a rough plan view illustrating another embodiment of the
magnetic path to be employed in the pressure switch in accordance
with the present invention,
FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view illustrating another embodiment of
the pressure switch of the present invention, and
FIG. 6 is a sketch showing an application example of the pressure
switch of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring to FIGS. 1a to 1b, there is shown an embodiment of the
pressure switch in accordance with the present invention.
Housing 1 is made up by fitting non-magnetic disc type cover 12 to
open end 11b of non-magnetic cylindrical body 11 having bottom 11a
and has internal cavity 13. The housing is also provided with low
pressure side port 14 at its bottom 11a and disc cover 12 is
provided with high pressure side port 15. 31
Stepped part 11c is provided on the internal circumferential
surface of cylindrical body 11, and O ring 2 made of an elastic
material such as, for example, a rubber and periphery 3a of disc
type flexible diaphragm 3 made of an flexible material such as, for
example, rubber are held between the said stepped part and disc
cover 12. The said O ring is depressed by a plurality of bolts 4
fixing disc cover 12 on the said cylindrical body to maintain
cavity 13 air-tight. The said flexible diaphragm air-tightly
divides cavity 13 into high pressure chamber 13a leading to high
pressure side port 15 and low pressure chamber 13b leading to low
pressure side port 14 and is designed to be deflected in accordance
with a varying difference in pressures in high pressure chamber 13a
and low pressure chamber 13b, thus varying the capacities of both
chambers.
Moving member 5 made of a non-magnetic material is attached to one
surface 3b facing the low pressure chamber of flexible diaphragm
3.
Moving member 5 is constructed so that it moves in accordance with
movement of flexible diaphragm 3 while being guided by guides 16
provided on housing 1.
Guides 16 are comprised of a pair of grooves 16a and 16a' which are
provided on the internal surface of the said cylindrical body to
opposed each other in parallel to the axial direction of the
cylindrical body and both ends 5a and 5a' of moving member 5 are
slidably fitted into the said grooves respectively. Moreover,
projected center part 5b of moving member 5 is contacted with the
said surface 3b of flexible diaphragm 3.
A resetting means such as, for example, coil spring 6 which pushes
up the said moving member toward high pressure chamber 13a, that
is, provides a resetting force to cause flexible diaphragm 3 to be
deflected toward high pressure chamber 13a is provided between
moving member 5 and bottom 11a of cylindrical body 11.
Hereupon, when the pressure in high pressure chamber 13a becomes
higher than that in low pressure chamber 13b, the deflection amount
of flexible diaphragm 3 toward high pressure chamber 13a decreases
and coil spring 6 contracts in accordance with the difference in
the pressures of both high and low pressure chambers, and moving
member 5 moves accordingly along the axis of cylindrical body 11.
When the pressures in the said two chambers are equal, moving
member 5 is returned to the home position by the resilient force of
coil spring 6. In other words, flexible diaphragm 3 also returns to
the home position with original deflection.
Bar type moving yoke 7 made of a magnetic material and magnetized
with N and S polarities at its both ends 7a, 7a' is fixed on moving
member 5 so that the said moving yoke intersects at a right angle
to the moving direction of moving member 5. Fixed yoke 8 in
combination with moving yoke 7 forms a magnetic path. It is made of
a magnetic material in the U-shape and is fixed inside cylindrical
body 11 so that its both ends 8a and 8a' are opposed to both ends
7a and 7a' of the said moving yoke.
A pair of galvano-magnetro effect devices 9 and 9' are arranged
along the moving direction of moving yoke 7, that is, the moving
direction of moving member 5, on the surface of one end 8a of fixed
yoke 8 opposed to end 7a of the moving yoke.
The galvano-magnetro effect devices can be the semiconductor
devices of which electrical characteristic varies in accordance
with variation of the intensity of the magnetic field which acts on
the devices. The semiconductor devices can be the
magnetro-resistance effect device or Hall effect device made of
indium antimony or indium arsenic.
One galvano-magnetro effect device 9 is located at a position where
it is opposed to moving yoke 7 when there is no difference in the
pressures in high pressure chamber 13a and low pressure chamber
13b, and other galvano-magnetro effect device 9' at a position
where it is opposed to moving yoke 7 when the moving yoke moves in
accordance with the difference in the pressures in both
chambers.
Printed circuit board 10 is provided on a line extended from end
part 8a of said fixed yoke 8 and switching circuit S is formed on
this printed circuit board.
Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown an embodiment of switching
circuit S which performs switching operation according to the
change in electrical characteristic according to variation of the
intensity of the magnetic field which acts on galvano-magnetro
effect devices 9 and 9'.
There is shown a circuit employing the magnetro-resistance effect
device as the galvano-magnetro effect device and NPN type
transistor S1 as the switching device.
Resistor S2 and magnetro-resistance effect devices 9 and 9' are
series-connected with power supply E across the positive and
negative polarities, resistor S3 is connected across the connecting
point between resistor S2 and the magnetro-resistance effect device
and the negative polarity of power supply E, and the intermediate
connecting point between both magnetro-resistance effect devices is
connected to the base of transistor S1. Accordingly, the potential
at the said intermediate connecting point is the potential at the
base of transistor S1. Furthermore, the collector of transistor S1
is connected to the positive polarity of power supply E through
collector resistor S4 and the emitter of the said transistor is
connected to the negative polarity of power supply E. Output
terminals S5 and S5' are provided at the collector and emitter.
In the above embodiment, moving yoke 7 is opposed to one
galvano-magnetro effect device 9 when the pressures in high
pressure chamber 13a and low pressure chamber 13b are equal and
accordingly the magnetic flux is applied to device 9. On the
contrary, the magnetic flux is not applied to other
galvano-magnetro effect device 9'. Accordingly, the internal
resistance value of device 9 is large and that of device 9' is
small. The specified voltage is applied across both ends of the
devices which are connected in series. Therefore, the base
potential of transistor S1 is so low that transistor S1 is in the
on-state and the potential at the collector is high. Thus, the
voltage across both output terminals S5 and S5' is large.
On the other hand, when the pressure in high pressure chamber 13a
becomes higher than that in low pressure chamber 13b, flexible
diaphragm 3 is deflected due to the difference in the pressures to
cause coil spring 6 to contract whereby moving yoke 7 moves
together with the moving member to be away from the position
opposing to device 9 and to oppose to device 9'.
Therefore, the internal resistance of device 9' suddenly increases
with application of the magnetic flux to the said device and the
internal resistance of device 9 suddenly decreases without
application of the magnetic flux to the said device. Accordingly,
the potential at the intermediate connecting point between the said
both devices rises to result in the rise of the potential at the
base of transistor S1. With this potential rise, transistor S1 is
in the on-state and the collector potential lowers, that is, the
voltage across both output terminals S5 and S5' becomes low.
The said switching device thus performs the switching operation in
response to the pressure difference between the high and low
pressure chambers.
Referring to FIG. 4, there is shown a fixed yoke having a
magnet.
Since moving yoke 7 and fixed yoke 8 form a magnetic path, moving
yoke 7 need not always be magnetized, and fixed yoke 8 can be
comprised of magnet M and magnetic yoke pieces 81 and 81' extended
from both poles N and S of the said magnet and moving yoke 7 can be
made of a magnetic material which is not magnetized.
Referring to FIG. 5, there is shown flexible diaphragm 3 provided
with moving member 5 at surface 3c of the high pressure chamber
side.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, contrary to the embodiment shown
in FIG. 1b, disc cover 12' is provided with low pressure side port
14 and bottom 11a of cylindrical body 11 is provided with high
pressure side port 15. Low pressure chamber 13b is formed between
flexible diaphragm 3 and said disc cover 12' and high pressure
chamber 13a between flexible diaphragm 3 and bottom 11a of the
cylindrical body 11.
Low pressure side surface 3b of flexible diaphragm 3 is provided
with dish-type support member 61 and coil spring 6 is arranged
between the said support member and disc cover 12'. Moving member 5
provided at high pressure side surface 3c of flexible diaphragm 3
is fixed to support member 61 with screw 51 which passes through
flexible diaphragm 3.
In addition, guides 16, moving yoke 7, fixed yoke 8 and
galvano-magnetro effect devices 9 and 9' are constructed as shown
in the embodiment of FIG. 1b.
It is clear the the pressure switch in the above construction
operates as in the embodiments in FIGS. 1a and 1b.
Referring to FIG. 6, there is shown an application of the pressure
switch in accordance with the present invention.
Magnetic tape T is wound on tape reels R and R' of the data storage
unit of the computer. The said tape is forwarded from reel R and
wound on reel R'. Case C is designed so that opening C.sub.1 is
formed to be open upwardly, exhaust port C.sub.2 is provided at the
lower end and the air is exhausted by vacuum pump P through the
said exhaust port. Furthermore, case C is provided with a plurality
of detection ports C.sub.3 with specified intervals along a
vertical direction. These detection ports C.sub.3 are respectively
led to low pressure side ports 14 of pressure switches SW through
air duct pipes PI. High pressure side port 15 of each pressure
switch is opened in the atmosphere.
Extended part T.sub.1 between two reels R and R' is inserted from
opening C.sub.1 of case C, and when vacuum pump P is actuated,
extended part T.sub.1 of the tape is pulled to the maximum to the
lower part of case C. There occurs a difference of pressures in the
spaces at both sides of the tape as the border. The pressure in the
upper side of the tape is equal to the atmospheric pressure and the
pressure in the lower side is lower than the atmospheric
pressure.
The pressure switches connected to the detection ports at the lower
side of the tape operates with the difference of pressures in the
high and low pressure chambers. On the contrary, the pressure
switches connected to the detection ports at the upper side of the
tape do not operate since there is no difference of pressures in
the high and low pressure chambers.
The pressure switches operate in accordance with the lowering
position of the tape and therefore the lowering position of the
tape can be detected by the corresponding pressure switch.
Accordingly, a fixed delivery allowance of the tape can be
maintained at all times by controlling the rotation rate of tape
feed reel R with actuation of the pressure switch.
In addition to the above application, the pressure switch in
accordance with the present invention can be employed as the
control switch for various pressure-applied system such as the air
pressure control switch of machine tools.
The pressure switch has the following advantages as compared with
the conventional switches.
Since it is the contactless switch, it excels in mechanical
durability. Also, since the pressure variation is converted to the
intensity of magnetic flux to be applied to the galvano-magnetro
effect device and the switch performs switching according to the
change in the electrical characteristic of the said device, it is
unnecessary to convert the analogue type pressure variation to the
digital type mechanical operation and therefore high accuracy is
obtained.
The condition for the switching operation can be set as desired by
setting the conditions of the switching circuit. The pressure
necessary for the switching operation can be freely selected by
properly selecting the thickness of the flexible diaphragm and the
material.
The operating point of the pressure switch can be easily changed by
setting the position of the galvano-magnetro effect device.
Thus, the pressure switch in accordance with the present invention
finds a wide range of applications in many various fields.
* * * * *