U.S. patent number 3,760,708 [Application Number 05/184,274] was granted by the patent office on 1973-09-25 for ventilating system.
Invention is credited to Poul M. Burup.
United States Patent |
3,760,708 |
Burup |
September 25, 1973 |
VENTILATING SYSTEM
Abstract
A ventilating system for an enclosed space having a plurality of
air inlet ducts communicated therewith with each duct including a
distributor defined by vertically spaced plates forming a
peripheral discharge with the upper plate having a central aperture
receiving a fan. Adjustable members are provided between the plates
for varying the discharge characteristics of air and air inlet
means is provided between the distributor and ceiling for inlet of
air from the space into the distributor with the air inlet means
having control flaps or baffles associated therewith for
simultaneously controlling the air inlet from the space and the air
inlet from the ducts for varying the ratio of recirculated air and
fresh air being discharged from the distributor.
Inventors: |
Burup; Poul M. (Roskilde,
DK) |
Family
ID: |
22676256 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/184,274 |
Filed: |
September 27, 1971 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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826176 |
May 20, 1969 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
454/267; 454/269;
454/295 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F24F
7/06 (20130101); A01K 1/0047 (20130101); A01G
9/24 (20130101); Y02A 40/25 (20180101); Y02A
40/264 (20180101) |
Current International
Class: |
A01G
9/24 (20060101); A01K 1/00 (20060101); F24F
7/06 (20060101); F24f 013/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;98/4B,4D,39,33R,38 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wayner; William E.
Parent Case Text
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 826,176, filed May
20, 1969, now abandoned.
Claims
What I claim is:
1. A ventilating system for a space having a ceiling and an air
inlet duct, a distributor disposed below the ceiling and
communicated with said duct, adjustable air inlet means
communicated with the space below the ceiling and above the
distributor, said air inlet means being in communication with said
distributor, said air inlet means including an adjustable baffle
member simultaneously controlling the flow rate of air from the air
inlet duct and from the space thereby varying the ratio of air from
the inlet duct and from the space being discharged from the
distributor, said distributor including upper and lower plates
spaced from each other and defining a peripheral outlet, and
adjustable means interposed between the plates peripherally thereof
to vary the discharge characteristics of the air being discharged
peripherally of the distributor to facilitate dispersal of air
throughout the space.
2. The structure as defined in claim 1 wherein the upper plate of
said distributor has a central opening therein communicating with
the air inlet duct and the air inlet means, a fan disposed in
operative association with the opening for conveying air downwardly
into the space between the upper and lower plates of the
distributor.
3. The structure as defined in claim 2 wherein said adjustable
baffle member in the air inlet means in one position will close off
the air inlet means and in another position will close off
communication with the air inlet duct whereby adjustment of the
baffle member will vary the ratio of air taken from the space and
the air inlet duct.
4. The structure as defined in claim 3 wherein said adjustable
means between the upper and lower plates forming the distributor
include generally U-shaped gap plates having adjustable diverging
legs extending toward the peripheral edges of the plates, and means
adjustably interconnecting the plates for clamping the legs of the
gap plates in adjustable position thereby enabling variation in the
space between the adjacent free edges of the gap plates for varying
the air discharged between the gap plates.
5. A ventilating system for a space having a ceiling and an air
inlet duct, a distributor disposed below the ceiling and
communicated with said duct, adjustable air inlet means
communicated with the space below the ceiling and above the
distributor, said air inlet means being in communication with said
distributor, said distributor including plate means generally
parallel with the ceiling and defining a peripheral outlet for
horizontally discharging air while substantially preventing axial
downward air flow, and adjustable means mounted in said outlet for
varying the outflow characteristics of air from the distributor,
said air inlet means including adjustable baffle means
simultaneously controlling the flow rate of air from the air inlet
duct and from the space thereby varying the ratio of air from the
inlet duct and from the space being discharged from the
distributor, said plate means including upper and lower plates
spaced from each other and defining the peripheral outlet, said
upper plate having an opening communicating with the space below
the ceiling and above the distributor.
6. The structure as defined in claim 5 together with fan means
disposed in operative association with the opening in the upper
plate for conveying air downwardly into the space between the upper
and lower plates of the distributor, said adjustable means between
the upper and lower plates forming the distributor including
generally vertically disposed plates extending generally radially
thereof, and means adjustably mounting the plates in adjustable
position between the plates thereby enabling variation in the
spacing between the adjacent free edges of the vertical plates for
varying the air discharge between the vertical plates.
Description
The invention concerns a ventilating system, for instance for
stables greenhouses, and large halls, where the intake of fresh air
is done by mixing with return air before the air, through one or
several distributorheads, is spread through the room. Where
ventilation is required, the spent air is removed through one or
several extractors.
The extraction system at the best known ventilating plants consists
of a number of fans placed either in the wall or in the chimney(s).
mainly the latter. Hereby is caused a partial vacuum in the room so
that fresh air can be introduced from outside through a number of
ventilators placed in the walls of the room. The ventilators are
normally equipped with dampers for regulation of the airstream.
Relatively small climatic alterations demand, however, immediately
corresponding alterations of the damper position in all
ventilators. Should the alteration take place during the night or
during such times when the room is left unminded, it can result in
catastrophic alterations in the climate, since for instance very
few domestic animals can tolerate draught or too low air
circulation. Furthermore, the force of the wind will result in a
larger amount of air entering the building on the windy side as
against the lee side.
It has therefore been attempted to inject air mechanically in order
to avoid the above disadvantages. In newer systems of this type the
extraction chimney has been surrounded with a pipe of a larger
diameter so that a circular area is created around the extraction
chimney. Hereby is made a double chimney. Down through this area,
which is connected with the open air directly above the roof, fresh
air is sucked in, whilst the spent air is pressed out through the
middle, circular area and sent vertical up over the roof. The
entire double chimney ends under the ceiling in the room, which is
to be ventilated. The power for it is supplied by an axial fan with
a special propeller, which inner circular part has a diameter
corresponding to that of the extractor chimney and is placed
directly under this. With this part the air is directed upwards.
The outer part of the propeller corresponds to the circular area
around the extractor chimney, and here the propeller blades are so
shaped so that fresh air is sucked down through the circular area.
As not the same amount of air is required at all times the system
is equipped with mixing dampers placed part of the way up in the
chimney so that all or a part of the spent air which is expelled
through the centre extraction chimney can be returned down through
the outer circular area whilst being mixed with the incoming fresh
air. Thereafter, with the help of a number of injection ports the
air is directed radially round the room parallel with the ceiling
or slightly downward.
Admittedly with such a system one can avoid most of the
disadvantages with having ventilators in the walls but it does
entail other disadvantages. The special propeller is very expensive
and complicated to produce, and the same goes for the double
chimney pipe. The narrow outer circular area together with the
sudden turning which the return air must make in order to get from
the inner to the outer pipe means a quite considerable air
resistance and thereby a heavy power demand. As especially stable
air contains rather large quantities of dust and humidity, these
will, among other places, settle in the outer circular area, which
is difficult to clean just as condensation problems easily will
arise in inaccessible places inside the chimney. The air injected
into the room will be constant the whole year through, where one
could wish for a stronger air injection during the summer and a
weaker one during the winter. Finally, it will be necessary to
discard the existing suction devices in rooms, where this system is
now wanted.
The purpose of the invention is to surmount the disadvantages at
known constructions where injection of air is used instead of
wall-ventilators and furthermore to attain an improved distribution
of the air in the room. According to the invention this is reached
with a system with one or several centrally under the ceiling
placed injection devices, each equipped with a distributorhead,
which from its circle injects air into the room mainly parallel
with the ceiling or sloping downwards thus forming a aircarpet of
injection jets from the distributorhead. The injected air consists
partly of fresh air from outside and partly of returned air from
the room, the proportion of which can be regulated with mixing
dampers. Devices for extraction of the spent air are placed
separately from the injection.
The invention is unique in that the mixing dampers in the injection
device are placed between the ceiling and the distributor head and
that the returned air is taken from the area between the ceiling
above and the injection jets below.
With this construction a long line of advantages has been attained.
One can mix fresh air and returned air without requiring a
complicated double chimney and only a single channel to the open
air is required which is cheaper to produce and easier to keep
clean from dust. As no hot humid stable air will be sent up through
the same chimney which transports cold air downwards, the problems
of condensation will be minimum. It is not necessary, either, to
use a propeller with a double function as all that is needed is a
simple propeller or a radial fan-wheel. Furthermore, one rarely
needs to discard already existing suction devices, which is of
great importance, as these are available in nearly all newer rooms.
As the ducting system is simple with no narrow ducts and the air
does not have to make sharp turns, the power consumption is reduced
in a plant (system) set up in accordance with the invention below,
which is of great importance, as the system normally must be on 24
hours a day.
Of greatest importance for rooms with animals is finally the fact
that with this invention the amount of air, which reaches the
animals from the air injection, automatically will become less when
more returned air is mixed in with the injected air, whilst the
amount of air likewise automatically is increased as one approaches
pure outside air injection without mixture of returned air. This is
because the returned air is taken from the area between the ceiling
and the injection jets, and it is therefore only possible to get
returned air by taking from the injection jets with the result that
the more returned air needed the more is taken from the injection
jets before these reach the limits of the area an injection device
covers. This is important because with such a system the dampers
during the winter are adjusted so that the cold air is mixed with a
great proportion of returned air by which the injected mixture
reaches a temperature only a few degrees below the temperature in
the stable, which for most types of animals ideally is about
15.degree.-18.degree. Celcius. A proportionally lesser movement of
air is also required around the animals during the winter as
against the summer, and this is also obtained by the automatic
reduction of the amount of air after it has been despatched from
the distributorhead. Reversedly; a greater movement of air is
needed during the summer, where the temperature of the fresh air
outside may be considerably higher than the temperature wanted in
the stable, but where the increased amount of air then will assist
the animals to get rid of the heat.
According to the invention the ventilating system can be arranged
in such a way that the suction devices consist of a number of
ventilators with regulating dampers which, electrically or
mechanically, are joined to the dampers placed in the injection
devices in such a way that the expelled air remains in direct
proportion to the injected air and that this proportion is
controllable. By letting the dampers follow each other in this way,
constant pressure conditions are obtained in the stable as against
the surroundings, and by regulating the proportion one can decide
whether positive, negative or neutral pressure is required as
against the surroundings. If, for instance, the regulating damper
is coupled with the mixing damper in such a way that -- although
the dampers otherwise follow each other -- there is all time a
little more opening for the regulating damper than the mixing
damper opens for the fresh air, a negative pressure will be created
in the stable on account of the greater amount of air expelled.
Again a positive pressure will be created if the damper are
adjusted to each other in such a way that more fresh air is
injected than is expelled. A positive pressure can have the
advantage that no false air reaches the room through occasional
leaks at doors etc. A positive pressure in a room can cause humid
air to escape out into adjoining rooms, and where such are present
it may be best to keep a constant small negative pressure in the
room. Therefore, it is an advantage to be able to decide the
pressure conditions in the room at will.
Furthermore there will, according to the invention, in certain
forms of embodiment, be an advantage in letting the adjustment of
the coupled dampers be done by one or several servo motors on a
signal from a communal thermostat or hydrostat.
The mixing damper itself can consist of one or several dampers
flexibly suspended so that they in one extreme position completely
cut off the returned air and in the other extreme position cut off
completely for the fresh air injection and in the intermediate
stage control the proportion between returned air and fresh
air.
In a particularly advantageous form of distributorhead this will
consist of two horizontal, preferably square follower plates held
at a suitable distance by a number of gap-plates, consisting of a
tubular part, which may be split, and two flaps. With the help of
bolts, fitting into the tubular part and into holes along the
cicumference of the follower plates these are fitted around the
gap-plates so that a number of air-gaps is formed, corresponding to
the number of gap-plates. The flaps in the gap-plates are made of
flexible material and one can therefore after assembly adjust the
flaps and thereby direct both direction and amount of air through
the individual air-gaps. In one particular type of this one can
furthermore distribute the gap-plates around the circumference of
the distributorhead in such a way that proportionally more air is
injected from the corners of the square follower plates. Finally
one can according to the invention in a particularly easy way add
heat to the room by just adding hot air to the space between the
ceiling and the injection jets preferably near the mixing dampers,
whereby the warm air will follow the returned air for mixing before
the distributorhead, which will spread the heat in the room. One
thereby avoids having to build heater into the injection device, as
this placed here would become clogged with dust.
In the following the invention has been more explicitly explained
through same versions under reference to the drawing, on which
FIG. 1 shows a version with two injection devices and one suction
device in part of a room seen from the side.
FIG. 2 shows the same seen from above.
FIG. 3 shows a vertical section through an injection device by the
air-gap.
FIG. 4 shows a horizontal section through the same by the
air-gaps.
FIG. 5 shows a version of a gap-plate in perspective.
An injection device can consist of an inlet duct 1 over a box
shaped mixing chamber 2 and underneath a distributorhead 3. The
inlet duct is taken through the ceiling 4 down to the room 5, where
ventilation is required, and stands in connection with the outside
air in a manner not shown and from where fresh air is introduced in
the direction as shown by the arrow 6. The mixing chamber has in
this version two identical mixing dampers 7, suspended by their
uppermost edges in journals 8 so that the mixing dampers in their
one extreme position close for a returned air opening 9 in the two
sides 10 of the mixing chamber, whilst they in their other extreme
position close for fresh air by meeting an angled dividing plate
11. Normally the two mixing dampers will have the same setting but
in order to illustrate further the working of the dampers, the left
mixing damper in FIG. 3 is shown set so that both fresh and
returned air is introduced, whilst the right mixing damper is shown
open for full returned air 12, and it can be seen that the mixing
damper in this position closes completely for the fresh air. The
setting can be done manually but it is more advantageous to couple
it together with the setting of the regulating dampers 13 in one or
several suction chimneys with built in ventilators 14 with the help
of a steel wire or bar 15. The regulation of the dampers coupled
together in this way can then take place with a servomoter 16 in a
signal from a thermostat or hygrostat, not shown, which opens more
for the fresh air introduction and suction, when it becomes too hot
or humid in the room.
The distributorhead 3 sucks air from the mixing chamber above and
thereafter presses the air out between two horizontal follower
plates 18 and 19, of which the top one has a circular opening in
the middle for the ventilator, and the bottom one has from its
centre a distributor ring coming up 20 which assist in turning the
air from vertical to horizontal and gives an even airstream out
towards the circumference, of the distributorhead. There is around
the circumference, between the follower plates, fixed a number of
gap-plates 21, which in a purposeful version is shown in FIG. 5.
where the gap-plate is made of a relative thin, flexible sheet with
a tubular part 22 which fits a bolt 23 and is split with two flaps
24. The gap-plates are held in their place by the bolts and can be
turned on these until the flaps are set in the position for the
airstream required direction, before the bolts which also go
through suitable holes in the follower plates 18 and 19, tighten
these around the gap-plates which thereby are held in the required
positions. In this way is formed a number of air-gaps 25
corresponding to the number of gap-plates along the entire
circumference of the distributorhead, from where the air will form
a carpet of horizontal or downward sloping injection jets 26. As is
apparent from FIG. 2 the corners in the room 5 are further away
than the sides of the area an injection device must supply, and the
area will nearly always be a rectangular one. It would therefore be
useful to have a greater amount of air coming from the corners than
from the sides of the distributorhead, and a method for doing this
is explained in FIG. 4 which for clarification has been divided up
into four parts according to the lines A-B and C-D With the help of
these and four centre lines a each quarter is now divided into for
instance five angles of equal size 27, and each angle will now
represent the same amount of air, since the ventilator with the
assistance of the distributor-ring 20 can be considered to
distribute the air evenly all round. If the centre of the bolts 23
for the gap-plates are fixed parallel to the edge of the follower
plates, four bolt centre lines b can be drawn, and where these
cross the centre lines a will be points 28, as shown in the top
left quarter of FIG. 4. This is where the bolts for the gap-plates
are to be affixed, if the amount of air also after having left the
distributorhead should be even in all directions. In the bottom
left quarter of FIG. 4 the gap-plates are placed in this manner.
Should more air be required from an air-gap in the corner, this can
be obtained by shifting the bolts here away from points 28 so that
the air-gap in the corner becomes larger at the expense of the
adjoining gaps as shown in the top right quarter of the drawing.
Finally, it is shown in the bottom right quarter that the gap
plates can be turned on the bolts 23 and the flaps bent so that the
air thereby partly can be in the required direction and also the
air-gaps can be more or less closed, which might be preferred in
rooms of irregular shape.
According to the invention there is no reason why the follower
plates cannot be oval, circular or rectangular, since the
gap-plates also then can be shaped and affixed as above.
There is according to the invention no reason either for the
distributorhead and mixing chamber having other shapes than those
indicated in FIG. 1-4, as long as they fulfill the characteristics
of the invention.
* * * * *