U.S. patent number 3,758,950 [Application Number 05/174,788] was granted by the patent office on 1973-09-18 for dental ejector equipment.
Invention is credited to Kersam K. Krouzian.
United States Patent |
3,758,950 |
Krouzian |
September 18, 1973 |
DENTAL EJECTOR EQUIPMENT
Abstract
A device for insertion into the mouth of a dental patient for
removing saliva and particles. An inner hollow member has an outlet
connected to a suction tube. The member is covered by a layer of
soft resilient synthetic material which is porous and which is
provided with spaced openings therethrough to pass solid
particles.
Inventors: |
Krouzian; Kersam K. (San
Francisco, CA) |
Family
ID: |
22637533 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/174,788 |
Filed: |
August 25, 1971 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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586456 |
Oct 13, 1966 |
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797427 |
Feb 7, 1969 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
433/91 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61C
17/08 (20190501) |
Current International
Class: |
A61c 017/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/269 ;32/33 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Peshock; Robert
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending
application Ser. No. 586,456 filed Oct. 13, 1966, and now abandoned
for "Dental Ejector Equipment" and also of copending application
Ser. No. 797,427 filed Feb. 7, 1969, and now abandoned.
Claims
I claim:
1. A dental ejector for insertion into the mouth of a patient for
removing saliva and solid particles from dental operations from the
mouth, comprising:
a. a hollow shell having walls of soft, resilient, porous,
sponge-like material and a free outer surface for engaging the
tender tissue within the patients's mouth when in operating
position, said material being readily compressible under slightest
pressure thereof against said mouth tissue when in said engagement
to tend to eliminate pain and injury to said tissue due to
engagement with the latter;
b. said walls being of uniform thickness and formed with a
plurality of straight, spaced, open-ended, relatively large
passageways extending therethrough opening outwardly of said outer
surface at one of their ends and into said shell at their other
ends, and said passageways having free side surfaces defining the
side thereof;
c. reinforcing means within said shell in engagement with the inner
sides of the latter at spaced points respectively disposed between
and spaced from said passageways reinforcing said walls against
collapse upon application of suction to within said shell, said
reinforcing means being wholly within said shell and defining an
enclosed space centrally within said shell having an outlet adapted
to communicate with a source of suction outside said mouth for
drawing air, saliva, water and said solid particles into said shell
and space and out of said mouth when said shell is in said
operative position;
d. said relatively large passageways being sufficiently large in
cross-sectional diameter to pass therethrough and into said
enclosed space the particles of solids from dental operations
within the mouth of a patient, and the thickness of said walls
being substantially uniform and at least equal to the diameter of
each of said relatively large passageways;
e. said porous walls between said relatively large passageways
being stable against change when wet with saliva or water and
impervious to the passage of said solids therethrough and pervious
to the passage of air, saliva and water through and from said outer
surface to and through the inner side of said shell and into said
passageways through said side surfaces of the latter whereby, upon
application of suction to within said shell and enclosed space, and
upon closing of the outer open ends of said relatively large
passageways by said mouth tissue when said shell is in said
operative position, the passageways so closed will be in
communication with ambient air within the mouth that is admitted
into said relatively large passageways through any exposed portion
of said outer surface of said shell not in engagement with said
mouth tissue, thereby substantially eliminating the effect of
suction on the tissue closing said outer open ends of said
relatively large passageways.
2. In a saliva ejector as defined in claim 1.
f. the material of said side walls consisting of a multitude of
adjacent, tortuously extending, intercommunicating, minute
passageways communicating between the outside and inside of said
shell and with said enclosed space and between the inner and outer
surfaces of said shell and the sides of said relatively large
passageways for movement of said ambient air through said outer
surface and said walls into said relatively large passageways
through the sides of the latter and into said enclosed space
through the inner surface of said shell upon suction being applied
to said enclosed space irrespective of the number of said
relatively large passageways closed by mouth tissue at their outer
ends while any portion of said outer surface is exposed to ambient
air within the mouth of the patient.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
As constructed in the past, appliances of the above character have
employed a tip inserted in the mouth and connected to a tube which
saliva is ejected by suitable evacuating means, such as an
aspirator. The tip part that is inserted in the mouth consists in a
typical instance of a perforated metal shell which may be tubular
or spherical and which has its inner space in communication with
the ejector tube. This type of ejector has a number of serious
defects. Particularly it causes considerable discomfort to the
patient because of the hard metal surfaces presented to the soft
tissues of the mouth. Also the suction may draw soft tissue into
the perforations with resulting pain or possible injury to the
tissue, particularly since blocking of air flow through some of the
perforations causes the suction to increase. Attempts have been
made to alleviate these defects by enclosing the perforated tip in
soft absorbent material like cotton, rolls of gauze and the like.
While this causes less discomfort, the absorbent material changes
its physical character as water and saliva are absorbed, with the
result that it becomes soggy and offers considerable resistance to
flow of saliva. This is due to swelling of the wet absorbent fiber
with loss of resiliency and a decrease in the size of interstices
or channels through which the saliva must flow. Also such an
absorbent medium does not effectively eject small particles
together with the saliva, having reference to small particles or
cuttings resulting from drilling or grinding on the teeth, or other
solid particles which are formed during various kinds of dental
work. On the contrary, the solid particles tend to accumlate upon
the surface of the soggy absorbent mass, with resulting
clogging.
Were a hollow suction tip of the conventional type that is
imperforate except for holes formed therein of sufficient size to
pass solids, such as cuttings resulting from drilling or grinding
on the teeth, or other solid particles, to be enclosed by a soft
porous or sponge material adapted to pass air, saliva and water,
but which would not pass the solids mentioned, the rapid
accumulation of solids on the outer surface of such would quickly
render it inoperative for use as a saliva ejector. In addition, the
suction would cause the ejector to adhere to the soft and tender
mouth tissue with sufficient force to require forceably pulling it
free from said tissue resulting in pain to the patient, and injury
in some instances.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION AND OBJECTS
In general it is an object of the present invention to provide a
dental appliance for removing saliva and particles which overcomes
the defects pointed out above.
Another object of the invention is to provide a saliva removing
appliance which provides utmost comfort to the patient and which
can be used over long working periods without occasional
removal.
Another object is to provide an appliance of the above character
which will effectively remove small particles together with saliva
without clogging.
Additional objects and features of the invention will appear from
the following description in which the preferred embodiments have
been set forth in detail in conjunction with the accompanying
drawing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view showing a dental appliance in
accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional detail taken along the line 2--2 of
FIG. 1;
FIGS. 3A and 3B are enlarged details in section illustrating the
perforations in the layer of soft resilient material. FIG. 3A
represents the relaxed position without application of suction, and
FIG. 3B represents distortion of the resilient material when
suction is applied;
FIG. 4 is a view like FIG. 1 but showing another embodiment of the
invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional detail taken along the line 5--5 of
FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a side elevational view like FIG. 4 showing the outer
layer of soft resilient material in section;
FIG. 7 is a side elevational view, showing a slightly different
embodiment of the invention shown in the other views; and
FIG. 8 is a greatly enlarged cross-sectional view along line 8--8
of FIG. 7 showing the engagement between soft mouth tissue above
and below the ejector in one position of the latter in the
mouth.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The device as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 consists of an inner core 10
which is formed of walls or other members made of suitable material
such as plastics or metal. In this instance the walls are shaped in
the form of a sphere and they are provided with corrugations,
thereby providing a series of circumferentially spaced ribs 11. The
core 10 has an opening (not shown) which communicates with its
inner space and with the saliva ejection tube 13. This tube may be
standard part of saliva ejection equipment and may be made of
metal, suitable plastic, or the like. In most instances this tube
is rigid, but it may be bendable to the extent that it may be
readily bent to retain a desired shape. The walls of the core 10
are provided with a plurality of perforations 14 which are
distributed over the walls of the core intermediate the ribs
11.
All the exterior surfaces of the core 10 are enclosed within an
envelope comprising a layer 16 of relatively soft resilient
material. The material of this layer should be such that it is
relatively soft with respect to contact with the surfaces of the
mouth while at the same time being stable in that it retains its
physical characteristics when wet with saliva or water. I have
obtained good results by using a blown polyurethane foam. Such a
material is relatively non-absorbent with respect to water and
saliva. When submerged in water it retains its physical size and
shape, and its resiliency and recovery after deformation remain
substantially constant. Because it is relatively non-absorbent to
water and saliva, with retention of its physical characteristics,
the size of its cells or interstices does not change when wet, and
therefore the porosity provided remains constant. The layer should
be of sufficient thickness to provide adequate cushioning, as for
example, from one-sixteenth to one-eighth inch thick.
While a blown polyurethane foam gives good results, other synthetic
materials are available which have the same essential properties of
resiliency, porosity, and stability when wet with saliva.
Particular reference can be made to porous fabrics (woven and
unwoven) made of synthetic fiber like nylon and to the commercial
filter product known in the trade as SCOTT-FOAM. In each of these
materials, tortuous intercommunicating passageways throughout the
body of the material open into all free surfaces permitting ready
passage of air in any direction from any of said surfaces to the
other but preventing passage of solid particles from dental
operations.
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the layer 16 is made in
the form of a sphere with a short sleeve 17 extending about the
adjacent end of the tube 13. It contacts the ribs 11, leaving
intervening spaces 18.
The layer 16 is also provided with a plurality of openings 19.
These openings communicate with the spaces 18, and thus are in
communication with the perforations 14. As will be presently
explained, they serve to pass small particles such as cuttings
resulting from grinding or drilling upon the teeth, or other
foreign particles.
The enlarged FIG. 3 illustrates a portion of the layer 16 with one
of the perforations. The proportions are such that the thickness of
the layer is at least equal to and preferably greater than the
diameter of the openings. When suction is applied, there is a
distortion of the layer 16 adjacent the openings 19 somewhat as
shown in FIG. 3B. This distortion is caused by differential fluid
pressure and serves to somewhat stretch the resilient material with
the result that the opening 19 is somewhat enlarged and is made
inwardly divergent. The effect just described tends to prevent
clogging of the openings 19 by accumulations of small particles.
Small particles are not apt to lodge in perforations having the
divergent shaping shown in FIG. 3B. If particles should be in
sufficient quantity to tend to block the perforations 19, then the
differential pressure applied to the resilient layer 16 is somewhat
increased, with the result that further distortion occurs with
further enlargements of the openings 19 to permit the particles to
be discharged.
The device described above is used in the same manner as standard
saliva ejectors. No tissue of the mouth comes into contact with the
perforated metal core 10, but on the contrary all such contact is
with respect to the relatively soft resilient layer 16. Although
the interstices of the layer 16 may become saturated with water and
saliva, this does not affect the physical character of the layer,
and particularly it does not reduce porosity. Water and saliva pass
mainly through the openings 19, although some may pass directly
through the interstices of the layer 16. Solid particles with the
water and saliva, such as result from grinding or drilling upon the
teeth, readily pass through the openings 19 and are removed
together with the saliva. Such particles do not tend to lodge
within the openings 19 for the reasons explained above. In
instances where most of the exterior surface of layer 16 may be in
contact with tissue, air is drawn through shank 17, thus preventing
excessive suction. If soft flesh should prevent flow of air through
some of the holes 14, the suction is not materially increased
because air may freely flow through the pores of the material. Thus
there is no tendency to draw flesh into the holes 19 to the
discomfort of the patient.
The embodiment of FIGS. 4 - 6 makes use of a core 21 which in this
instance is made of molded plastic. The upper ring or annulus 22 of
the core is fitted over the end portion of the suction tube 23. The
circumferentially spaced bars 24 of the core are integral with ring
22 and have their extremities inturned at 26 and joined together to
form the end of the core. The outer member or envelope 27 consists
of a porous layer of resilient material having the properties
previously described. It is provided with openings 28 which
communicate with the spaces 29 between the bars, the latter spaces
being in free communication with the suction tube 23.
The embodiment of FIGS. 4-6 operates in the same manner as the
embodiment of FIGS. 1, 2, 3A and 3B. It likewise provides utmost
comfort for the patient under all operating conditions.
In the ejector shown in FIGS. 7, 8 the outer shell 35 generally
corresponds to the envelopes of soft porous material shown in the
other drawings, and the use of the word "shell" is interchangeable
with "envelope."
Shell 35 fully encloses rigid reinforcing means in the form of a
generally thimble-like element 36 that is rounded and closed at one
end and provided with an outlet in a tubular extension 37 at its
opposite end. Said extension may be releasably connected with a
suction tube 38 connected with a conventional source of suction,
which tube may be formed with a neck adjacent to the extension 37
to extend over the lower incisor teeth of the mouth of a patient
for supporting the shell 35 within the lower portion of the mouth.
The shell may be rotated at its juncture with tube 39 to lie in the
most effective position within the mouth.
The material of the walls of shell 35,is preferably of synthetic
material and of a structure such as the structure of the filter
material well known in the trade as SCOTT-FOAM. This material is
porous, resilient, compressible and has all of the characteristics
of the envelope material hereinbefore described.
The walls of the shell 35 are formed with a plurality of spaced
passageways 40 respectively of uniform diameter that have straight
sides extending transversely through the walls of the shell at
right angles thereto providing free side surfaces 41. The thickness
of walls 35 of the shell is preferably at least equal to the
diameter of said passageways, and said diameter is sufficient to
pass the cuttings and other solid material resulting from dental
operations within the mouth of a patient.
A characteristic of the material of walls 35 of the shell is a
structure providing a multitude of closely adjacent differently
extending intercommunicating paths that open outwardly of the outer
and inner surface of said shell and the side surfaces 41 of
passageways 40, thereby providing many paths for the ready passage
of air through the outer surface of shell 35 through the material
of walls 35 and through the inner surfaces 41 of passageways 40
into the latter. Also said paths are adapted to conduct saliva and
moisture therethrough.
In actual operation with the shell 35 in a position indicated in
FIG. 8 in which the tender mouth tissue, diagramatically indicated
at 42, is in contact with the outer surface of the shell, said
tissue will normally extend over the outer ends of an indeterminate
number of the passageways 40, closing them.
When suction to the inside of said shell is applied, the solid
particles indicated at 43 will be drawn through passageways, such
as specifically designated 40', into the shell 35 together with
saliva indicated at 44. The saliva and any water that may also be
present, will pass through the passageways 40' and also through the
paths formed in the walls 35 as indicated by the arrows 45. None of
the solids will pass through the paths formed in the porous wall
material itself.
In conventional saliva ejectors, the closing of any openings in the
ejector by mouth tissue immediately results in the tissue being
sucked into the openings so closed, thereby causing pain to the
patient, and many times injuring the tissue.
In the present instance, atmospheric air is freely drawn into the
passageways closed by the mouth tissue through the paths within the
walls, as indicated by arrows 46 whereby the suction force that
otherwise would be in the closed passageways is neutralized.
In most dental operations, the ejector must be continually actuated
at full efficiency, hence any stoppages of the ejector, such as the
attempt to employ a shield of porous material pervious to passage
of air but impervious to the solids would quickly be coated with
solids and rendered inoperative. Also the mouth tissue would be
sucked against the material with a force requiring the ejector to
be forceably torn loose resulting in pain and possible injury.
From the foregoing explanation it is seen that the soft texture and
character of the shield providing the multitudinous paths
therethrough for air, but obstructive of passage of the solids
coact with the large passageways for the solids to simultaneously
and continuously withdraw solids and saliva from within the mouth
without causing the painful and injurious drawing of the tender
mouth tissue into the passageways that may be closed thereby. These
results are accomplished by the structure of the cell, internally
reinforced against collapse due to suction. The supplying of air to
closed passageways through the multitudinous paths within the shell
which communicate between atmospheric air within the mouth of the
patient and the passageways for the solid particles, and the soft
character of the material that contacts the tender tissue are
particularly important in preventing pain and injury to said
tissues.
* * * * *