U.S. patent number 3,758,893 [Application Number 05/261,012] was granted by the patent office on 1973-09-18 for water saver toilet bowl flush system.
Invention is credited to Barton B. Skeen, William H. Smolinski.
United States Patent |
3,758,893 |
Smolinski , et al. |
September 18, 1973 |
WATER SAVER TOILET BOWL FLUSH SYSTEM
Abstract
A two-level selective volume valve assembly for providing
optional light and heavy flushes in toilets having storage tanks;
twisting the control actuates a quick-opening flapper type upper
valve which releases water from a higher level only; pushing the
control actuates a lower straight-lift valve closure which carries
with it the upper valve and a tube spacing the two, releasing the
full capacity of the tank; single clamp installation and adjustment
of the valve assembly, single-screw installation of the double
acting control, and use of commonly available toilet valve parts
and control parts modified to the special design of the invention
are other features of the invention.
Inventors: |
Smolinski; William H.
(Baltimore, MD), Skeen; Barton B. (Baltimore, MD) |
Family
ID: |
23302342 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/261,012 |
Filed: |
June 8, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
4/327; 4/395;
4/393 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E03D
1/145 (20130101); E03D 1/34 (20130101); Y02A
20/40 (20180101); Y02A 20/412 (20180101) |
Current International
Class: |
E03D
1/34 (20060101); E03D 1/02 (20060101); E03D
1/14 (20060101); E03D 1/30 (20060101); E03d
001/34 (); E03d 005/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;4/67A,67R,57P,57R,58,60,61,34,37 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Artis; Henry K.
Claims
What is claimed and desired to be secured by U.S. Letters Patent
is:
1. In a toilet bowl flush assembly having a tank with one wall
perforated for a flush lever and a removable cover, and inside the
tank a drain having a circular aperture and a vertical standpipe
connected to the side of the drain, the improvement comprising:
means for slidably engaging the standpipe; means, integral with the
slidably engaging means, for sealing the circular opening of the
drain, thereby defining a first flush level; said means for sealing
at the circular aperture of the drain being vertically elongate and
having a vertical passage therethrough into the drainpipe; means,
integral with the slidably engaging means, for sealing the upper
end of said vertical passage, thereby defining a second flush level
and means for selectively opening the means for sealing the
circular aperture and the means for sealing the upper end of the
vertical passage.
2. In a toilet bowl flush assembly as recited in claim 1, the
vertically elongate means for sealing at the circular aperture of
the drain comprising a substantially uniform tube and an annulus of
resilient material integral with the lower end thereof for thereby
sealing the circular aperture of the drain on contact
therewith.
3. In a toilet flush bowl as recited in claim 2, the means for
sealing the upper end of said vertical passage comprising a tapered
closure of resilient material adapted for removable engagement with
the upper end of said tube.
4. In a toilet flush as recited in claim 3, the means for slidably
engaging the standpipe comprising a tubular member having a
vertical slot with parallel sides and a limit at the bottom, and
means uniting the tubular member with said tube.
5. In a toilet flush as recited in claim 4, a clamp adapted to
slide over said standpipe with the slotted tubular member, the
clamp having an extended portion adapted to guide the parallel
sides of said vertical slot and to strike said limit at the bottom
of the vertical slot at one extreme of motion, and means for
adjustably and simultaneously fixing the clamp in rotative and
vertical position on the standpipe, whereby fixing the clamp on the
standpipe in adjustment both laterally centers said anunulus of
resilient material over the drain, and limits the degree of opening
therebetween on actuation of said means for selectively
opening.
6. In a toilet flush as recited in claim 1, the means for
selectively opening the means for sealing at the circular aperture
of the drain including a vertically deployed tensile member adapted
for raising said means for slidably engaging the standpipe, the
means for sealing the upper end of the vertical passage having a
pivotal extension, and the means for selectively opening the means
for sealing the upper end of the vertical passage including a
horizontally deployed tensile member tangentially arranged with
respect thereto for actuating said pivot.
7. In a toilet flush as recited in claim 6, the means for
selectively opening including a control passing through said tank
wall perforation and being rotatable therein, a first arm rotatable
by rotation of said control, and a connection between said first
arm and horizontally deployed tensile member for thereby pivotally
opening the means for sealing the upper end of the vertical
passage, permitting flushing to said first level on rotation of
said rotatable control.
8. In a toilet flush as recited in claim 7, said control being
axially movable on axial push of a portion thereof exterior the
tank, a second arm adapted for vertical movement by axial movement
of the control, and a connection between said second arm and
vertically deployed tensile member for thereby raising said means
for slidably engaging the standpipe, thereby opening the means for
sealing the circular aperture at the drain and permitting flushing
to said second level on a said push of the control.
9. In a toilet flush as recited in claim 8, said means for
selectively opening including a frame portion engaging the tank
wall and adapted for slidable engagement with the control when the
control is axially pushed, thereby providing said selective opening
by preventing simultaneous push and rotation of the control.
10. In a toilet flush as recited in claim 7, the adaption for
vertical movement of the second arm including a frame member
passing through the tank wall and slidably receiving the control, a
link having a hole therethrough, the link being pivoted to the
frame member and extending into the path of axial travel of the
control, and a yoke, said second arm being pivotally attached to
the yoke and passing through the hole in the link, whereby axial
travel of the control when pushed pivots the link, rotating said
second arm upward, and whereby the weight of said link and arm acts
to reposition said control axially when the control is not being
pushed.
11. In a toilet flush as recited in claim 3, the means for slidably
engaging the standpipe being buoyant.
Description
This invention relates generally to fluid handling systems and
specifically to sanitary plumbing devices of the flush-toilet
type.
Although the flush toilet has been in use for many years, and
although the need for saving water becomes recognized as
increasingly important with each year, a selective flush water
saving toilet has not found widespread acceptance.
The ordinary flush toilet was designed without any consideration of
flush selection for economy in the use of water or for alleviation
of sewage problems. With the ordinary tank which holds about four
gallons and is flushed about six times per person per day, water
consumption is about 24 gallongs per person per day. With the
present invention, assuming one complete flush and five one-third
tank flushes per person per day, savings can be expected to amount
to about twelve gallongs per person per day. As the average
domestic use per person is about sixty gallons per day, domestic
use savings with the present invention can be expected to be about
20 percent. It is calculated that the invention will pay for itself
in less than a year of operation.
In the prior art the concept of plural level flush tanks and
selective controls for same has been disclosed in patents,
including U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,186,007, 3,151,337 and 3,080,567 as
examples.
In spite of these and other attempts at providing for the needs of
water conservation, the complexities of installation and operation
and high costs have apparently prevented old-art designs from the
universal adoption which must eventually take place if water
supplies of the nation are to be properly conserved.
Both in the country, where individual water-supply and septic
systems are the rule, and in towns and cities, where centralized
systems are available, overdemand on water supply and
overproduction of fluid wastes can be attributed in substantial
part to water waste in sanitary systems.
Principal objects, therefore, of the present invention are to
provide a simple, direct, low-cost device for drastically reducing
unnecessary consumption of water in toilet flushing.
Another object of the invention is to provide a plural-level
adapter for tank-type water closets which allows the user to select
between predetermined quantities of flush water according to need,
thereby preventing excessive expenditure of flush water where not
needed.
A further object of the invention is to provide a unique selector
for tank control which simplifies a choice of predetermined
quantities of water to be used and which prevent mistakes which
would otherwise waste water.
And further objects of the invention are to provide a toilet-flush
system and control as described which is adaptable and simple
enough for the average homeowner to install in his own flush tank,
regardless of age, make, model or capacity, and which produces
minimum reduction in overall tank capacity.
Still further objects are to provide a system as described which
will become a standard article of commerce for the purposes set
forth because of adjustability, simplicity, reliability,
durability, speed and thoroughness of operation.
And final objects of the invention are to provide a device as
described which makes maximum use of conventional, readily
available components, thereby affording economy and efficiency of
manufacture, and which is compact and self-contained, so that it
does not require room taken by other components in the tank and can
be installed without any interference before, during, or after
completion of installation.
The above and other advantages and objects of this invention will
become more readily apparent on examination of the following
description, including the drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a front elevation, partly in section, illustrating a mode
of operation of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a front elevation, partly in section, illustra-ting
another mode of operation of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a rear elevation detailing mechanisms shown in FIGS. 1
and 2;
FIG. 4 is an exploded assembly-detail of a portion of the invention
in front elevation;
FIG. 5 is a front elevation detail of one mode of the selector
mechanism of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a front elevation of another mode of the selector
mechanism of the invention; and
FIG. 7 is an exploded assembly-detail of a portion of the
invention.
In the drawings, like parts are indicated by like numerals.
Turning to the drawings in detail, FIGS. 1 and 2 show a typical
toilet flush tank or water closet storage tank T. The tank has a
standard drain pipe D and overflow standpipe S integrally
interconnected with and supported by the drainpipe. The drainpipe
connects in the usual manner with a toilet bowl, not shown, and the
tank T has a lid L at the top. The normal water level in the tank
is maintained at N approximately by an ordinary float-controlled
supply, not shown.
The invention 10 includes a valve assembly 12 and a selective
control assembly 14. The valve assembly includes upper valve 16
subassembly lower valve subassembly 18.
FIGS. 1 and 2 respectively indicate two modes of use or operation
of the invention.
FIG. 1 shows a light flush, or "No. 1 flush."
When the user (indicated by hand H) desires a light flush as when
only liquid waste is to be displaced from the commode, the user
simply twists the selector 20 clockwise. Twisting the selector
clockwise swings bell crank 22 clockwise lifting upper valve
closure 24 free of valve spacer tube 26 allowing the volume of
water stored above the top 28 of the valve spacer tube to fall
through the tube into drainpipe D. Since the upper valve closure 24
pivots on a flexible-arm connection 30 which extends almost
parallel with the horizontal direction of upper valve actuator
chain 32 the lift is more tangential than direct. Because of the
tangential linkage a relatively small movement of the chain
produces a relatively large, sudden opening of the upper valve
closure, frees the water trapped above valve spacer tube 26, and
lets it fall freely downward for high speed redirected passage
through the toilet bowl below (not shown) efficiently clearing
waste fluid from the bowl.
FIG. 2 shows a heavy flush, or "No. 2 flush."
When the user (indicated by hand H) desires a heavy flush, as when
solid matter is to be swept from the commode by a sustained
downpouring of water, the user presses the selector 20 inward.
Pressing the selector inward lifts chain 34 and bell crank 36
upward. Lifting bellcrank 36 slides the entire valve assembly 12,
including lower valve closure 38, straight upward on standpipe S
and well clear of drainpipe D, allowing all the stored water above
the level of the drainpipe to swirl down through the drain with
minimum resistance. The prolonged free-swirling action produced
efficiently scours the bowl in the normal manner expected from the
best designed conventional flush arrangements. Flushing aperture
and thus violence of the flushing action are adjustable by
screwclamp 40, which sets the height to which the valve mechanism
12 can be raised, in the normal manner, allowing tank depletion to
the predetermined level.
FIG. 3 is a rear view of the mechanism described in reference to
FIGS. 1 and 2. The wall of tank T, the drainpipe D, and the
standpipe S completely and simply support the mechanisms of the
invention 10.
Valve assembly 12 is unitary and slides on standpipe S. Selector 20
fits the standard flush-handle opening in all tanks, and is
retained by a nut which engages a portion of the body of the
selector. Chains 32 and 34 adjustably connect the selector with the
upper and lower valve closures 24 and 38.
FIG. 4, an exploded view, shows the various parts of valve assembly
12, and the simple assembly relations.
The main body of the valve assembly consists of integrally molded,
or cemented together, or otherwise affixed valve spacer tube 26,
slider tube 44, and connective arms 46, 48 which join them. The
parts are preferably of rigid plastic such as polystyrene, and
solid, except for the arms, which are preferably hollow to provide
slight positive buoyancy to the entire valve assembly 12,
permitting float-operation when raised. Valve spacer tube 26 is
preferably of about the same diameter as a standard drainpipe D,
and force fits into annular rubber lower-valve closure 38 which
also may have attachment 50 to slider tube 44 for additional
security. Lower valve closure 38 terminates in a conical flexible
flange 52 which fits the standard conical recess C in drainpipes
such as drainpipe D.
The lower valve closure is easily made from a heavy-duty type
flapper-valve, which is available at most plumbing supply stores,
by cutting the circular hole necessary for receiving the larger
tube.
Upper valve closure 24 is also rubber and has an extension 54 with
a hole 56 which force-fits to slider tube 44. The opposite end of
the upper valve closure has a conical protrusion 58 which fits the
upper end of the larger tube 26. The intermediate portion of the
upper valve closure serves as a flexible hinge. The whole forms a
flapper-type device of the type which is also commonly available at
plumbing supply stores.
The upper valve closure has a molded or other connection for
engagement with the horizontally arranged chain 32. The lower valve
closure 38 has a similar connection with the vertically arranged
chain 34.
Slider tube 44 has an elongated vertical slot 60 in the side away
from the valve spacer tube. Slot 60 receives screwclamp 40, which
comprises a circular band 62 for fitting to the smaller tube with a
screw 64 for clamping it in position.
The sides 66 of the slot are parallel, and are spaced to receive
and guide on a parallel-sided protrusion 68 on the screwclamp, on
which they guide as the valve assembly 12 rises and falls.
The screwclamp 40 thus is easily adjusted so that one setting
establishes the upper limit to which the valve assembly 12 rises
and the side-to-side centering of the lower valve closure 38 over
the conical recess C in the drainpipe D.
Adjustment of the upper valve seat is equally easy, being made by
manual sliding and rotation of the perforated extension 54 on
slider tube 44 on which it rides.
As indicated by the phantom lines, the screwclamp is readily
assembled inside the smaller tube by threading it screw-first up
through the bottom or down through the top of the smaller tube.
To install the device a homeowner has simply to remove any existing
valve equipment attached to the standpipe and drainpipe, remove the
existing handle, attach the new valve assembly 12 to the standpipe
using the one screwclamp 40, and attach the selector assembly 20 in
the tank wall in place of the handle. After connection of the two
chains, the job is complete.
FIGS. 5 and 6 detail the two positions of operation which produce
the two flushes described, No. 1 for a light flush and No. 2 for a
heavy flush, depending on whether the button is twisted or
pushed.
Twisting and pushing are completely different actions, and even a
small child can learn the difference, so that when told to do one
or the other in flushing the toilet he can easily obey. Likewise,
adult users can easily form the habit of selecting the correct
flush.
A cardinal feature of the invention is that twisting results in an
action of the mechanism which in no way interferes with the pushing
action, and vice versa, and the two actions are exclusive, with no
possibility of mixing.
FIG. 7 shows in exploded relation the mechanism which allows the
unique selection and operation.
Frame 70 of the selector 20 consists of a hollow square 72 having a
central threaded protrusion 74 with a hole 76 passing through.
Square shoulder 73 prevents rotation of the frame by fitting the
square hole which is standard in toilet tanks. Nut 78 secures the
frame to any standard tank, with the hollow square outside.
Actuator-button 80, which is square, fits within hollow square 72
when pushed, and otherwise is held just free of it, in position to
be twisted, by slotted shank 82. Slotted shank 82 extends
integrally from the square actuator-button 80 through hole 76 in
frame 70 of the selector. The end 84 of the slotted shank is
square, and has a tapped hole.
The square end 84 fits with square hole 86 in the horizontal chain
actuating bell crank 22, and is retained by round head screw 88 in
tapped hole 90 in the end of square end 84.
When the square actuator-button 80 is twisted clockwise, it thus
rotates bell crank 22, pulling horizontal chain 32 and opening
upper valve closure 24 as shown in FIG. 1.
The square actuator-button 80 cannot be turned counterclockwise
because slot 92 engages the protrusive end of key-screw 94, which
fixes yoke 96 to the end of central threaded protrusion 74 and then
passes through hole 76 engaging the slot,and because the slot has a
circumferential enlargement 98 enabling actuator button rotation in
only the one direction.
When turned, the square actuator-button will not fit into frame 70
since it is almost size-to-size with hollow square 72, but when not
turned, it can be freely pushed into hollow square 72.
Pushing the square actuator-button 80 axially advances the head of
screw 88 against pivotal link 100. Pivotal link 100 is pivoted at
hole 102 to the perforated arms of yoke 96 by cotter-key 104 or
other suitable means, and has an oversize hole 106 which loosely
receives vertical chain bell crank 36. Vertical chain bell-crank 36
has a right-angle bend portion which pivots it in hole 108 in yoke
96.
When the head of screw 88 is axially advanced against pivotal link
100 by a push on square actuator button 80, vertical chain
bell-crank is rotated upward by pivotal link 100, raising valve
assembly 12 by the vertical chain 34.
The weight of the mechanism returns the square button to the
beginning position when the chosen flush is completed.
It will be noted that the twist and push actions of the invention
are not only separated but that they also cannot interfere and that
they cannot be operated in an incorrect direction.
As in the case of the valve assembly, all the critical parts of the
selector can be common, commercially available flush toilet parts,
modified to the special design of this invention.
Those parts which are not commonly found in flush toilets, such as
the uniform diameter, uniform wall, free-flowing valve spacer tube
26, are economically obtainable from stock.
The unit consisting of the slider tube 44, valve spacer tube 26 and
the connective arms 46, 48 is preferably to be molded in one piece
of plastic.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present
invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is,
therefore, to be understood that within the scope of the appended
claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as
specifically described.
* * * * *