U.S. patent number 3,757,933 [Application Number 05/137,904] was granted by the patent office on 1973-09-11 for container for packaging a plurality of explosive units so as to prevent sympathetic detonations.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army. Invention is credited to Charles C. Banta.
United States Patent |
3,757,933 |
Banta |
September 11, 1973 |
CONTAINER FOR PACKAGING A PLURALITY OF EXPLOSIVE UNITS SO AS TO
PREVENT SYMPATHETIC DETONATIONS
Abstract
A container for packaging a plurality of explosive units so as
to prevent mpathetic detonations comprises a box containing a
plurality of hollow tubes with explosive units slidably set within
the tubes. Frangible areas are carried by portions of two opposite
walls of the box proximate the ends of the tubes. The frangible
areas operating with the hollow tubes permit a rapid release of
explosive gases generated upon a single premature detonation and
isolate adjacent explosive units from a residual shock wave that
would otherwise trigger sympathetic detonations.
Inventors: |
Banta; Charles C. (Hamburg,
NJ) |
Assignee: |
The United States of America as
represented by the Secretary of the Army (Washington,
DC)
|
Family
ID: |
22479559 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/137,904 |
Filed: |
April 27, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
206/3; 206/521;
220/203.08 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
81/02 (20130101); F42B 39/20 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F42B
39/00 (20060101); F42B 39/20 (20060101); B65D
81/02 (20060101); B65d 051/16 (); F42b 037/00 ();
F42b 039/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;206/3,46FR,65R,46FC
;217/26.5,35 ;220/24A,9F,27,44R ;241/31 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
930,607 |
|
Jul 1963 |
|
GB |
|
1,410,347 |
|
Aug 1965 |
|
FR |
|
Primary Examiner: Ross; Herbert F.
Assistant Examiner: Lipman; Steven E.
Claims
Having described my invention, what I claim as new, useful and
non-obvious, and thus desire to secure by Letters Patent of the
United States is:
1. A container having a plurality of explosive units therein said
container comprising
A. a plurality of hollow housing cylinders for slidably supporting
said explosive units and limiting the radial component of explosive
propagations from said explosive units;
B. a hollow box having parallel side walls and parallel top and
bottom wall, said box having set therein said plurality of hollow
cylinders with one of said explosive units slidably set within each
of said cylinders and with the outer walls of said cylinders snugly
engaging each other and said side walls, to prevent lateral
movement of said cylinders in said box, said explosive units all
positioned within said cylinders with their major axes both (i)
mutually parallel and (ii) parallel to the longitudinal axes of
cylinders; said cylinders being coextensive with said side walls
and having their open ends in contact with said top and bottom
walls, to isolate the interiors of said cylinders from each
other,
C. releasable means comprising a plurality of pairs of separate
frangible partially punched out circular areas forming portions of
said top and bottom walls of said box, each pair of said frangible
areas being aligned with the open ends of one of said cylinders;
and
D. shock absorption material being loosely placed in said housing
cylinders above and below each explosive unit;
wherein said frangible means, operating with said housing
cylinders, permit a rapid longitudinal release of explosive gases
generated upon a premature detonation of an explosive unit and
wherein said housing cylinders isolate adjacent explosive units
from a residual shock wave that would otherwise trigger sympathetic
detonations.
2. The container of claim 1 wherein the peripheral surfaces of said
explosive units abut the inner walls of said housing cylinders.
3. The container of claim 1 wherein shock absorption material is
packed between adjacent housing cylinders.
4. The container as recited in claim 3 wherein the plurality of
explosive units comprise artillery shells having their longitudinal
axes axially centered within said plurality of housing cylinders.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to that field of art dealing with
special receptacles and packages, and more specifically, to those
receptacles used in the shipment of explosive units.
Prior art in this field has met with little success in combatting
the problems involved in the transportation of a plurality of
explosive units within a closed container. The foremost among these
problems is that of sympathetic detonation. This problem arises
when a premature detonation of one explosive unit triggers the
explosion of other units within the same package, thus giving rise
to the possibility of a disaster.
Methods utilized in the prior art have included the use of layers
of molded polystyrene having cavities within which the explosive
units are set. Extensive testing has shown this method to be of no
value in the prevention of sympathetic detonations.
Another attempted method of shock isolation appears in the Shotgun
Shell Box patent of W. R. Sauey, U. S. Pat. No. 2,928,530 (1960).
This patent, like the polystrene method, utilizes cavities or
depressions to house the explosive units. This method, like the
above polystrene layers, has proven inadequate for shock
insulation.
The use of relatively thin sheet-like separators as a packaging
method is illustrated in the patent of R. H. Bode, et al., U. S.
Pat. No. 2,750,028 (1956). This method also suffers from the
inadequacies inherent in the above prior art methods.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to mutually isolate explosive
units stored within a single package so as to prevent sympathetic
detonation of the respective units.
Another object is to provide a means for shipping a plurality of
explosive units within a single container without danger of
sympathetic detonation.
The present invention, which surmounts the above described
shortcomings in the prior art, resides in a container comprising: a
plurality of hollow means for slidably supporting said explosive
units and limiting the radial component of explosive propagations
from said explosive units; a box, said box having set therein said
plurality of hollow support means with said explosive units
slidably set within said support means, said explosive units all
positioned within each support means with their major axes both (a)
mutually parallel and (b) parallel to the longitudinal axes of said
support means; and a releasable means carried by portions of two
opposite walls of said box, said walls proximate the ends of said
hollow support means, said releasable means lying transverse to the
direction of propagation of a premature explosion, of any of said
explosive units wherein said releasable means, operating with said
hollow support means, permit a rapid longitudinal release of
explosive gases generated upon a premature detonation and wherein
said hollow supporting means isolate adjacent explosive units from
a residual shock wave that would otherwise trigger sympathetic
detonations.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an isometric perspective view of a prior art shipping
container.
FIG. 2 is an isometric perspective view of an embodiment of the
present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The prior art in this field is characterized by shipping containers
such as the one illustrated in FIG. 1. This type of container
exhibits two polystyrene blocks 10 and 12 within which are molded a
plurality of cavities 14. Each cavity is molded to permit the
slidable insertion of a plurality of explosive units 16. The molded
top block 10 fits over the bottom block 12.
This design suffers from the fact that in the event of a premature
explosion of one unit, the resultant explosive gases and flames do
not have adequate channels of escape. Hence, pressure rapidly
builds up which will trigger the sympathetic detonation of other
units in the container.
The present novel packaging device surmounts this problem by
employing a procedure wherein an explosive unit 18 (see FIG. 2) is
slidably set within a support means 20, said support means
preferably taking the form of a cylinder. This housing serves to
direct the explosive force of a premature detonation along a
longitudinal axis. Each explosive unit is snugly set within a
cylinder. This is required in order to avoid a build-up of
explosive gases in the radial direction. The avoidance of such a
build-up, which would normally occur upon a premature detonation,
enables the explosive forces to be largely isolated to their
longitudinal components. Through the diminution of the radial
component of a detonation and the cylindrical protection of
adjacent explosive units from this reduced radial component, it is
possible to store a plurality of such units in adjacent cylinders
within a single package 22 without fear of sympathetic
detonation.
Various types of shock absorbing material may be placed between
adjacent cylinders. These shock absorbing materials include
polyethylene, polystyrene and fiberglass.
The housing tubes themselves may be formed of any of a number of
materials including chipboard, composition board, multi-layers of
Kraftpaper, and any of a number of toughened plastics.
The housing tubes would ordinarily range in thickness from
one-quarter inch to one-half inch, with the greater thickness being
required for use with materials of a higher explosive nature. The
one-quarter inch width would be suitable to the housing of about 25
grams of an explosive such as tetryl.
As pointed out above, the snuggest possible fit of each explosive
unit within each housing tube is essential. This is required not
only for purposes of channeling any premature blast into a
longitudinal direction, but also to minimize vibration and possible
damage to the units during shipment.
The above-described method requires that the housing cylinders be
enclosed in a package 22 in which two sides 24 and 26 (hidden from
view) are proximate to the open ends of the housing cylinders.
These two sides readily blow out upon the occurrence of a premature
detonation. Packaging with two releasable or frangible sides
proximate to the cylinder ends is essential in order to prevent the
built-up of explosive gases that might otherwise trigger a radial
or horizontal propagation of the explosive shock wave, hence
causing sympathetic detonation.
Any of a variety of frangible packaging means are suitable. A
simple wooden or plastic box with circular areas 28 on two sides of
the box, said areas partially punched out so as to be readily blown
out by an explosion, constitute a suitable frangible packaging
means. The circular areas 28 must of course be aligned with the
open ends of the cylinders.
Also, in order to absorb a part of the explosive force of a
premature detonation, shock absorption material such as
polyethylene, polystyrene or fiberglass may be loosely stuffed into
the housing tubes above and below the explosive unit.
In packaging the housing cylinders 20 within the shipping container
22, a firm fit of the cylinders is necessary. This is necessary
both to minimize shaking of the cylinders during transit and to
insure a flush fit of the mouths of the cylinders against the two
frangible walls of the shipping compartment.
The above method has been used to ship explosive items such as
fuzes for artillery rockets. Extensive testing has clearly
demonstrated the effectiveness of the "tube method" as a means of
preventing sympathetic detonations.
It is felt that various shipping compartments holding from about
six to about 16 explosive units will be utilized.
Hence, it is seen that an effective means of minimizing radial
propagation of an explosive shock wave is obtained. It is therein
seen that the objects set forth above are among those made apparent
from, and efficiently attained by, the container of the preceding
description.
I wish it to be understood that I do not desire to be limited to
the exact method and detail of construction described for obvious
modifications will occur to persons skilled in the art.
* * * * *