U.S. patent number 3,757,541 [Application Number 05/082,323] was granted by the patent office on 1973-09-11 for stringer foundation for slide fastener.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Optic-Holding A.G.. Invention is credited to Marie-Luise Cappel, Alfons Frohlich, Ernst Stubiger.
United States Patent |
3,757,541 |
Frohlich , et al. |
September 11, 1973 |
STRINGER FOUNDATION FOR SLIDE FASTENER
Abstract
A stringer foundation for a slide fastener has a pair of
parallel tapes which have been simultaneously formed on a
warp-knitting machine with a connecting filament joining their
confronting edges. Each tape is formed by a plurality of warp
chains laterally interconnected by laid-in weft filaments which
span at least three of the wales formed by the chains. The
connecting filament can be tensioned tighter than either the warp
or weft filaments to form openings adjacent the edge wale. The
connecting filament is adapted to be removed after mounting of the
coupling elements.
Inventors: |
Frohlich; Alfons (Essen,
DT), Cappel; Marie-Luise (Essen, DT),
Stubiger; Ernst (Giessen, DT) |
Assignee: |
Optic-Holding A.G.
(Glarus/Schweiz, DT)
|
Family
ID: |
27431048 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/082,323 |
Filed: |
October 20, 1970 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Apr 4, 1970 [DT] |
|
|
P 20 16 139.1 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
66/193; 28/168;
28/143; 66/202 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A44B
19/42 (20130101); D04B 21/16 (20130101); A44B
19/343 (20130101); D10B 2501/0631 (20130101); Y10T
24/2521 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
A44B
19/34 (20060101); A44B 19/24 (20060101); A44B
19/42 (20060101); D04b 023/12 (); D04b 021/16 ();
A44b 019/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;66/193,190,192,195,202
;139/384B ;24/205.1,25.1C,205.16,25.16C,25.1R,25.16R
;28/76T,1CS,72CS |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
612,495 |
|
Nov 1948 |
|
GB |
|
6,513,284 |
|
Apr 1966 |
|
NL |
|
Primary Examiner: Kee Chi; James
Claims
We claim:
1. A textile web comprising two unitarily and integrally knit
longitudinally extending slide-fastener support tapes each
consisting of a plurality of longitudinally extending wales formed
by at least two warp threads, a laid-in weft thread, and at least
one connecting filament extending back and forth between the
proximal wales of said tapes and destructible to separate said
tapes, at least one of said threads being of greater thickness than
others of said threads and said filament for reinforcing the
confronting edges of said tapes along said proximal wales, whereby
said confronting edges are thicker than the remainder of said
tapes, said connecting filament being tensioned tighter than said
threads to produce a respective valley adjacent each proximal wale
which is substantially broader than the valleys separating their
remaining wales.
2. The web defined in claim 1 wherein said laid-in thread extends
across at least three wales.
3. The web defined in claim 2 wherein said warp threads are laid in
a 1-0/0-1 pattern.
4. The web defined in claim 3 wherein said connecting filament is
laid in a 4-4/0-0 pattern.
5. The web defined in claim 3 wherein said connecting filament
follows a 2-0/0-2 pattern.
Description
1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The preset invention relates to a stringer foundation for a slide
fastener.
2. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Such a foundation is usually made of tapes woven separately on a
single loom and then paired prior to attachment of the coupling
elements. Since, as the loom operates, the various tensions
inevitably change, the tapes always have different
characteristics--elasticity, thickness, width, rigidity--throughout
their length. Thus, in the finished stringer confronting sections
of tape are often different, resulting in a fastener whose
tolerances are low and which is difficult to attach to a
garment.
It is further quite an expensive process to weave a thin band for
such a stringer foundation, while subdividing a uniform wide band
is not possible since the support tapes must be neatly
selvedged.
In the commonly assigned co-pending application Ser. No. 52,377
filed 2 July 1970 by Alfons Frohlich and Karl Rohn and entitled
"METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING SLIDE-FASTENER STRINGERS" now
U.S. Pat. No. 3,633,528 a method is disclosed wherein two coils are
fed to a sewing apparatus in an interleaved condition, are
separated upstream of the sewing station, and are interleaved
together again just downstream of this sewing station, i.e., after
being sewn onto respective support tapes.
All of these steps are carried out simultaneously and continuously.
In such a manner, the spacing between adjacent coil turns is
carefully maintained the same since these coils are left
interleaved up to the last possible instant before sewing, so that
the finished slide-fastener assembly will not buckle or bow. At the
same time the full turn is exposed under the sewing needle so that
the sewing operation can be carried out at high speed, for high
productivity. Immediately after sewing, the two coils are
interleaved again to form a finished slide-fastener stringer.
The two coils, according to another feature of that application,
can be separated and then fed through a series of guides which keep
the interturn spacing the same by tensioning the two coils to the
same extent and/or by making them both travel along paths of
identical length.
3. OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is an improved slide-fastener
stringer foundation.
Another object is to advance the principles set forth in the
above-cited patent application.
Yet another object is to provide a stringer foundation to which it
is easy to attach a pair of coupling elements, while the tapes are
identical in their various characteristics on both sides of these
coupling elements.
4. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The above objects are obtained, according to the present invention,
by a stringer foundation for a slide fastener comprising a pair of
selvedged warp-knit parallel support tapes whose confronting edges
are joined together by a removable connecting filament passing back
and forth between them.
The tapes are identical in neighboring sections, on each side of
the coupling elements, since they are knit simultaneously and are
held together by the removable connecting filament. Feeding of the
two joined tapes to the sewing station, where they are separated
immediately before or after the attachment of the coupling
elements, becomes an extremely simple operation since only a single
tape, in effect, need be guided.
In accordance with other features of the present invention the
edges of the tapes are reinforced, either by doubling or tripling
the yarn or by using bulk yarn, to make the tapes as thick at these
edges as they are in the center, since some of the laid-in weft
filaments much be left out adjacent the tape edges to make a neat
selvedge. It is also possible to set partially one of the guide
bars of the circular, flat-bed or Raschel knitting machine to leave
out weft filaments in the center so that the finished tapes are of
regular cross-sectional thickness.
The weft filaments, according to another feature of this invention,
are laid in and have a weft reach (the number of wales spanned) of
at least three, and preferably four, wales while the connecting
filaments have a reach of two or four wales.
Another feature of the invention is that the connecting filament is
tensioned tighter than the other filaments so that the edge wales
of each tape at their confronting edges are compressed and pulled
from the rest of the tapes to enlarge the adjacent valley and form
a series of openings through the tapes. These openings serve to
accommodate the stitching that holds the coupling elements to the
tapes so that it need not pass through and damage other filaments,
or the coupling heads of the coils can be simply forced
therethrough to anchor them. Cutting of the connecting filament
after attachment of the coupling elements causes these openings to
shrink and the tapes to fold back.
According to a further feature of this invention, the connecting
filament has a lower melting temperature than the other
tape-forming filaments so that a subsequent thermofixing process
melts it. It can also be made of some material which is dissolvable
in a bath.
In our concurrently filed and commonly assigned application Ser.
No. 82,327 there is disclosed a slide-fastener stringer comprising
a pair of elongated warp-knit support tapes having confronting
longitudinal edges, each tape being constituted of a plurality of
transversely offset longitudinally extending warp chains and
laid-in weft filaments transversely connecting the chains to form a
warp-knit foundation, and respective elongated continuous coupling
elements interconnectable upon movement of a slider therealong and
lying along the confronting edges and secured thereto.
In such a stringer the weft filament is laid in with a 4-4/0-0
pattern and the warp filament is chained in a 0-1/1-0 pattern, or a
2-0/0-2 pattern, or a pair of such warp filaments are provided, one
chained in a 0-1/1-0 pattern and the other in a 2-0/0-2
pattern.
The tapes of this stringer are formed with stitching holes for
attachment of the coupling elements and its weft filaments are
voluminous textured (bulk) yarn.
That application also discloses a method of making a slide-fastener
stringer comprising the steps of forming a plurality of
transversely offset longitudinally extending warp chains, laying
into these chains a plurality of weft filaments to form a pair of
warp-knit foundation tapes, securing an elongated coupling element
to the confronting edges of the tapes, and thermally fixing the
tapes.
Our commonly filed and assigned application Ser. No. 82,326
discloses a slide-fastener stringer comprising a pair of
interengageable coupling elements each having a multiplicity of
turns, a pair of warp-knit support tapes having wale-forming warp
filaments and course-forming weft filaments, and a succession of
stitches passing between the turns and through the tapes and
securing the elements to the confronting edges of the tapes, the
stitches having a stitch length greater than the course width.
These stitches pass through the tapes between the wales, and the
stitch length is an integral multiple of the course width, e.g.,
equal to twice the course width. The weft filaments are laid in a
4-4/0-0 pattern and at least some warp filaments are chained in a
0-1/1-0 pattern while other warp filaments are chained in a 2-0/0-2
pattern. The warp and weft filaments are of greater bulk adjacent
the edges than remote therefrom. The wales are on one face of the
tapes, the other face being smooth and engaging the coupling
elements.
Our commonly filed and assigned application Ser. No. 82,325, now
U.S. Pat. No. 3,685,474 discloses a method of making a
slide-fastener stringer comprising the steps of simultaneously
forming a pair of parallel fabric tapes and joining same together
at their confronting edges by at least one connecting filament,
thereafter simultaneously attaching one of a pair of
interengageable coupling elements to each of the confronting edges,
and breaking the connecting filament to separate the tapes. These
tapes are warp knit by forming a plurality of longitudinally
extending wale-forming warp chains from a plurality of warp
filaments and laying into the chains a plurality of course-forming
weft filaments. The weft filaments are spanned across at least
three wales and the tapes are also knit with second warp filaments
chained in opposition to the first warp filaments while at least
one of the filaments which comes to the edge of the tapes is
reinforced.
That application also describes a method as above with the
additional step of tensioning the connecting filaments more tightly
than the warp and weft filaments to form a succession of openings
in the tapes between the wales adjacent the confronting edges,
whereby breaking the connecting filament separates the tapes and
substantially closes the openings. The elements are attached by
sewing with stitches passing through the openings, or the elements
are attached to the tapes by passing their coupling heads through
the openings. The connecting filament may be spanned over only two
courses so that the openings are formed adjacent the edge wales of
the tapes. Four such tapes can be knit interconnected by three such
connecting filaments, the method then further comprising the step
of cutting the central filament prior to attachment of two pairs of
interengageable coupling elements to the two joined pairs of tapes
thus formed.
Our concurrently filed and commonly assigned patent application
Ser. No. 82,324 discloses a slide-fastener stringer comprising a
pair of inter-engageable coupling elements, a pair of parallel
warp-knit support tapes each having longitudinally extending
parallel wales including at least one wale defining a band along
the edge of the tape separated from the rest of the wales by a
valley, and respective rows of stitching each engaging over one of
the elements and passing through the respective tape only in its
valley for securing the elements to the tapes. In such a stringer
the edge band is formed by a single wale constituted largely from a
reinforced warp filament, or it can be formed by a pair of wales.
The stringer of that application can have a connecting filament
extending between the edge bands of the pair of tapes and tensioned
to broaden the valleys, thereby facilitating stitching of the
elements to the tapes. The tapes each have a smooth face, with the
elements attached to the smooth faces.
5. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above and other objects, features, and advantages will become
apparent from the following description, reference being made to
the drawing, in which:
FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 show the combined notation for three embodiments
of the knit according to the present invention;
FIG. 4A is a diagram showing the guide-bar movement for producing
the knits of FIGS. 1 and 3;
FIG. 4B is a diagram showing the threading of a knitting-machine
guides for producing the knits of FIG. 1;
FIGS. 5 and 6 show the combined notation of fourth and fifth
embodiments of the knit according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross section through a slide-fastener stringer
according to the present invention; and
FIG. 8 is a sixth embodiment of the knit according to the present
invention .
6. SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION
To fully appreciate the structure of the knits, it is necessary to
understand the notation of FIGS. 1 - 6 and 8.
FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 and 8 represent standard tricot point paper
notation wherein each dot stands for a needle. The vertical rows of
dots symbolize the wales and the horizontal rows symbolize the
courses. The lines passing around the dots represent the paths of
the guides during knitting and, therefore, the pattern of the yarns
carried by these guides. FIG. 4A shows the paths of the individual
guides, and FIG. 4B shows which of the guides are threaded for each
row of needles.
Thus, for the knits of interest here two types will be seen. The
guide bar can move from one space to another during each knitting
cycle, i.e., the formation of each course, and then move back
during the next raising and lowering of the needles. For example,
the figure notation for a guide which moves from space 0 to space 1
during one knitting cycle then back from space 1 to space 0 during
the next cycle is 0-1/1-0, with the slash mark (/) separating the
two cycles.
The other type of guide movement of interest is that of laying-in.
In this case the guides do not move in front of the needles
(overlap) but merely shog back and forth behind the needle hooks
between cycles. The notation here is similar, so that 4-4/0-0 is
the figure notation for a guide which, as the needles move up and
down for one course, stands in space 4, and then moves to space 0
where it remains as the next course is knit. In other words, the
first two digits signify the two positions between which the guide
reciprocates during one knitting cycle and the second two digits
indicate the end positions for the next cycle. After every two
cycles the movements are repeated. Since for laying-in the guides
do not move during the knitting cycles, but between them, on each
side of the slash mark both numbers are the same.
For a more detailed discussion of the above forms of notation
reference can be made to the book Advanced Knitting Principles
edited by Charles Reichman (National Knitted Outerwear Association:
1964), chapters 26 and 30.
As seen in FIG. 1, a slide-fastener stringer comprises a fabric 1
constituted by a pair of tapes 7 and 8 each adapted to carry a
nylon coupling coil 2 (see FIG. 7). Each tape 7, 8 consists of warp
yarns 4 and 5 and weft yarns 6, and the tapes are temporarily
linked at their confronting edges by a connecting filament 9.
The short-reach warp yarns 4, as shown in FIG. 4A, are chained by
the fourth or front guide bar in a 0-1/1-0 pattern, whereas the
long-reach warp yarns 5 are chained by one of the middle guide bars
in opposition thereto with a 2-0/0-2 pattern. The connecting
filaments 9 are breakable and are laid in with a 2-2/0-0 pattern by
one of the back guide bars whereas the weft filaments 6 are laid in
parallel thereto with a 4-4/0-0 pattern. The finished tapes, thus,
have wales 3 separated by valleys or troughs 1 and courses 15. FIG.
4B shows that the frontmost guide bar is fully set, while the other
bars are not, so that two tapes will be selvedged and separate when
produced on the same knitting machine as is the case here. The band
1 thus can be subdivided into a pair of neat selvedged tapes 7 and
8, while the fabric characteristics will automatically be identical
all through the same course 16, that is, on both sides of the
tape's center.
FIG. 1 shows how bulk filaments 6' are used instead of the
filaments 6 where these run to the edge of the tapes. Instead of
simply using a bulky or textured yarn, it is also possible to
double-thread the respective guide bar. In this manner the tapes
are of regular thickness across their entire width so that handling
of them later presents little difficulty.
In FIG. 2, a connecting filament 9' is shown which is chained in a
2-0/0-2 pattern, rather than simply being laid in. Such a structure
makes for a very stable band 1, which here is shown to consist of
more than two tapes 7 and 8. Reinforced warp filaments 4' and 5'
are also used here where these come to the tape edge.
FIG. 3 shows a pair of tapes 7 and 8 wherein only reinforced warp
filaments 4' and weft filaments 6' are bulkier than the other
filaments, in order that the finished tapes have regular
cross-sectional thickness. In addition, the connecting filament 9"
is laid in with a 4-4/0-0 pattern.
In FIG. 5 all filaments which come to the edge of the tapes 7 and 8
are reinforced for greatest strength, much as in FIG. 2, except
that the connecting filament is here laid in with a 2-2/0-0
pattern.
A single tape 7 is shown in FIG. 6 which in its central region does
not have a separate weft filament 6 for each warp filament 4 or 5.
In this manner, the central thickness of the tape 7 is reduced.
This effect is achieved by only half setting each of the guides of
the first guide bar toward the center of each tape.
FIG. 7 shows how the tapes of FIG. 6 are connected to Nylon
coil-type coupling elements 2. The valley 11' directly adjacent the
edge of the tapes 7 and 8 receives stitching 12. The edge wale 3 is
thickened, as shown at 10, on account of the reinforced filaments
used in its formation. The edge valley 11' is of relatively large
width since the connecting filament 9 for these tapes 7 and 8 is
tensioned more tightly than the other filaments and therefore pulls
the two edge wales 10 away from the rest of their tapes.
In FIG. 8 there are shown a pair of tapes 7 and 8 each of which is
formed in two portions 13 and 14, separated by a space formed by
leaving out one of the long-reach warps 5 and the short-reach warp
4 one wale in from this edge. In this manner are formed openings 15
adapted to receive the coupling heads of a slide-fastener coupling
element 2 which is therefore fastened to the tape without
stitching. The connecting filament 9 is also tensioned tightly in
this case so that, after it has been severed, the holes 15 close up
somewhat around the elements.
The connecting filaments 9, 9' and 9" are made of an easily
dissolvable material such as polyvinyl alcohol, so that their
removal can be readily carried out in a bath of water. It is also
possible to provide connecting filaments which have a melting
temperature much lower than that of the other filaments and the
coupling elements so that after mounting of the coupling elements
the connecting filament can be melted out by a heat-treating or
thermofixing process.
* * * * *