U.S. patent number 3,757,106 [Application Number 05/128,276] was granted by the patent office on 1973-09-04 for light-effect generator.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Siemens Aktiengesellschaft. Invention is credited to Peter Bau, Achim Reichelt, Gerhard Winzer.
United States Patent |
3,757,106 |
Bau , et al. |
September 4, 1973 |
LIGHT-EFFECT GENERATOR
Abstract
Lighting effects for theaters, advertising, etc., are obtained
by a lighting apparatus having at least one coherent light source,
preferably a gas laser beam, projecting a beam of light onto and/or
through an effect member so that various lighting sensations and/or
patterns are simply and easily produced. The lighting effect member
may advantageously comprise a translucent disk which is rotated by
a motor. The disk may include thermally responsive material, a
liquid material, glass configurations, a lacquer layer having a
thickness equal to many light-wave lengths etc. One or more light
beams may be employed and the effect member may include a plurality
of disks arranged one behind the other.
Inventors: |
Bau; Peter (Vienna,
OE), Reichelt; Achim (Munich, DT), Winzer;
Gerhard (Munich, DT) |
Assignee: |
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
(Munich, DT)
|
Family
ID: |
5767610 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/128,276 |
Filed: |
March 26, 1971 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Apr 9, 1970 [DT] |
|
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P 20 17 084.7 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
362/231; 40/433;
362/811; 362/259 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G09F
19/18 (20130101); F21S 10/00 (20130101); H01S
3/2383 (20130101); F21W 2131/406 (20130101); Y10S
362/811 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G09F
19/12 (20060101); F21S 10/00 (20060101); F21S
8/00 (20060101); H01S 3/23 (20060101); G09F
19/18 (20060101); A47g 033/16 (); F21p
001/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;240/1R,10.1
;350/16R,16P |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Matthews; Samuel S.
Assistant Examiner: Hayes; Monroe H.
Claims
We claim:
1. A lighting apparatus for producing lighting effects and patterns
comprising at least two coherent light sources for providing
coherent light beams of different colors, light effect producing
means for imparting a change in a coherent light beam projected
thereon, and means for directing the coherent light beams onto the
light effect producing means, said means for directing including a
first mirror for reflecting the coherent light beam from one source
into a path directed at the light effect producing means, and a
permeable dichroic mirror associated with each of the remaining
sources of coherent light, said dichroic mirrors being arranged in
said path for reflecting the colored beam of its associated
coherent light source into said path while passing the remaining
colors.
2. A lighting apparatus for producing lighting effects and patterns
comprising at least one coherent light source providing a coherent
light beam, light effect producing means for imparting a change in
a coherent light beam projected thereon, said lighting effect
producing means comprising a translucent carrier member having a
lacquer layer disposed thereon, said layer having variations in its
thickness to provide a texture surface, and means for directing the
coherent light beam onto the light effect producing means so that
various light effects and patterns are generated by the
apparatus.
3. A lighting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said lacquer
layer has portions of a thickness of many wave lengths of the
coherent light beam.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention generally relates to an apparatus for producing
various lighting effects and light patterns by means of one or more
coherent light sources and light effect creating means.
The use of lighting to create various effects in the theater, in
advertising etc., is known. Prior to the invention herein, however,
these lighting effects have been carried out by means of incoherent
light. Thus, the incoherent light is projected onto or through
various means to create their effect. When applied to these various
effect means the incoherent light produced a lighting effect of
limited range because of the lack of orderly continuity of the
light.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The limitations of the prior art are overcome by a light-effect
apparatus according to the invention which comprises one or more
light sources and a light effect means. By this means the range of
possible variations in lighting is greatly expanded.
Lasers and particularly gas lasers serve as the coherent light
source to produce beams of light which are projected to a light
effect producing means. Where the effect means is translucent the
beam or beams are projected through the effect producing means and
onto a screen generally in the path of the laser light beam, the
configuration of the light effect means will distort the laser beam
and produce surprising lighting effects. The lighting effect means
may take many different forms depending upon the effect to be
created. Thus, it may comprise a diffusion disk of glass having
varying granulation and structure with a surface that includes
crystals or splinters in pearls or rounded objects.
It is contemplated by the invention herein that light patterns and
movements may be created where the light effect means is a dynamic
diffusion member, as for example, an electrically controllable
liquid crystalline means, thermically movable emulsified liquids,
or thermically responsive liquid surfaces which create visible
lines or streaks of demarcation. Yet another example of the light
effect means is a glass disk having an undulating surface and
mounted for rotation.
A particularly effective light effect means can be produced,
according to this invention, by applying a lacquer layer, as for
example, a photo-lacquer layer, to a transluscent carrier such as a
glass plate, for example, so that the lacquer layer is several
light wave lengths thick, in the order of 15.mu.. m. The
photo-lacquer layer is applied to the carrier and then dried so
fast that a generally statistically distributed thickness variation
occurs over the flat surface of the carrier whereby the lacquer
layer serves as a refracting medium with the coherent light being
broken-up into different optical paths. By selecting and varying
the concentration of the solution and the drying speed the
thickness of the layer as well as the variations in the layer
thickness caused by drying may be widely varied. The refraction and
interference patterns which can be produced according to this
method differ in kind from those which are produced by other
lighting effect means. This disk in turn can be moved such as by
rotating, for example.
In the further embodiment of the invention it is contemplated that
several of the light effect producing means may be arranged one
behind another so that the light from the light source will pass
through each of the effect means and thereby multiply the phenomena
which can be produced. Again, the individual effect means may be
collectively or individually moved to further increase the range of
phenomena. The effect means may be in parallel planes or disposed
at angles to each other.
In one arrangement of the invention the beam of light from the
light source is projected through the effect means and onto a
screen to produce the lighting effect. One or a plurality of light
beams may be used. The light beam may be either focused through a
focal point or be in the form of a narrow laser beam. In addition,
we have found that a beam expanded by suitable means such as an
expanding object inserted in the beam path provides a protection to
onlookers from possible radiation damage to the retina by the laser
beam. This is particularly true in behind the screen projection
where the laser beam is projected toward the audience through a
screen. By means of the expansion device the laser beam is diffused
sufficiently so that no eye damage could occur. It will be
understood that the light may be projected from in front of the
screen, behind the screen, below the screen or various other
positions to produce the desired effect.
The apparatus of the invention is advantageously designed to be
mobile and provide great flexibility in positioning and use. Thus,
the light effect producing means is slidable on the optical axis of
the light source as well as shiftable and tiltable to and from the
optical axis. The effect producing means may be movable either
manually or by suitable mechanical and motor means. The movement of
the light effect means enables the apparatus to produce many very
different patterns such as, for example, a hectically racing
confusion of granulation grains, dancing patterns, flame and fire
impressions, waterfalls, etc. The patterns may be very finely
structured, coarsely structured or even variable between the two.
Thus, by varying the type, structure, number, movement, and
position of the light effect producing means, a very extreme range
in light effect patterns may be produced.
By means of the light effect producing apparatus according to the
invention which comprises one or more coherent light sources and a
variable light effect producing means, lighting effects for the
theater, advertising, photography, etc., may be easily and simply
produced in a range of patterns and configurations heretofore
unknown.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be
readily apparent from the following description of certain
preferred embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings, although variations and modifications may be
effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the novel
concepts of the disclosure, and in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates a light effect producing apparatus according to
the invention wherein a single light source is projected through a
movable light effect producing means onto a screen which screen may
be viewed from either side; and
FIG. 2 illustrates an arrangement for the production of abstract
lighting effects according to the invention herein wherein a
plurality of coherent light sources are employed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIG. 1 there may be seen a coherent light source 1
producing a beam of light 10 which is projected to a light effect
producing means generally indicated at 11 which diffuses the light
beam as schematically illustrated by the lines 10a whereby a very
wide range of the patterns and effects will be produced on a screen
4.
The coherent light source 1 may comprise a helium-neon laser which
produces the laser beam of light 10. The brightness and
configuration of the light beam which is projected to the light
effect producing means 11 may be varied by suitable means. In the
illustrated embodiment of FIG. 1 there have been provided suitable
light control means 6 and 7 spaced along the light beam between the
light source 1 and the light effect producing means 11 which serve
to control the intensity and distribution of the light 10. Thus, we
have provided an expansion or focusing means 2 in the path of the
light 10 to effectively expand the parallel laser light beam 10.
The intensity and distribution of the light 10 may be varied by an
attenuator or damping device 6 which serves to adjust the light
beam intensity. A further light adjustment means 7 arranged in the
beam path may comprise a small eccentric disk with a boring means
arranged therein through which the beam of light 10 is varied in
its local intensity distribution. The light control means 2, 6 and
7 may be selectively used individually or in combination and in
various positions relative to each other.
The light effect producing means 11 as shown in FIG. 1 comprises an
effect member 3 which is rotated about its axis 13 by a gear means
12 connected to a motor means 14. As shown the effect member 3 is
located near the focusing point or at the focusing point of the
optical member 2 of the light control means. In this arrangement
the beam of light 10 passes through the light control means and is
diffused by the effect member 3 to take the paths schematically
illustrated at 10a. The light 10a which passes through the effect
member 3 and is diffused or scattered thereby in a three
dimensional pattern reaches the screen 4 where it may be observed
by onlookers whose position is schematically illustrated by the
eye-like means 5a and 5b to be on the same or opposite sides of the
lighting effect apparatus. With a translucent screen the display
may be observed from both sides as will be understood by those
skilled in the art. With the observer in the position as indicated
at 5a it is important to avoid injury to the retina by the direct
laser beam. We have discovered that expanding the laser beam 10 by
suitable means such as an expanding optical control means 2
inserted in the laser beam path provides a protection to onlookers
from possible radiation damage by diffusing the laser beam
sufficiently so that no eye damage can occur. The two positions of
observation as well as the screen position with respect to the
laser beam 10 are by way of example only, and it will be understood
that the screen 4 may be observed from any angle and that the angle
between the laser beam 10 and the screen may be hemispherically
varied.
The light effect member 3 may have a wide range of designs,
configurations and characteristics depending upon the effect to be
created. Thus, the effect member 3 may comprise a plate of glass
having suitable variable granulation and structure such as would be
provided, for example, by a surface that includes glass crystals or
splinters or rounded objects thereon. Another suitable type of
object member 3 includes dynamic diffusion members as, for example,
electrically controllable liquid crystalline means which change or
vary with changes in temperature, movement, and/or electrical
means. Other examples of dynamic diffusion members include
thermically movable or excitable emulsified liquids and thermically
responsive liquid surfaces which create visible lines or streaks of
demarcation when subjected to changes in temperature. These
variations in the characteristics of the effect member 3 are
represented by the undulating pattern of the disk. In addition a
disk having such an undulating surface may be used and mounted for
rotation.
We have discovered that a particularly effective light effect means
may be produced by applying a layer of a lacquer substance such as,
for example, a photo-lacquer, to a translucent carrier such as a
glass plate. When the photo-lacquer layer is applied to the carrier
in the thickness of several light wave lengths and then dried fast,
a generally statistically distributed thickness variation occurs
over the flat surface of the carrier whereby the lacquer layer
serves as a refracting medium with the coherent light being broken
up into many different optical paths. By selecting and varying the
concentration of the solution and the drying speed, the thickness
of the layer as well as the variations in the layer thickness
caused by drying may be widely varied to produce many different
patterns. The variety of patterns which may be produced with an
effect member of this construction vary greatly from anything which
is known in the prior art.
A further arrangement of the invention herein is illustrated in
FIG. 2 where it may be seen that a plurality of beams of light 20,
30 and 40 eminating from light sources 21, 31 and 41 are each
projected through light control means 26, 36, 46, change direction
by means of mirrors 28, 38 and 48 and pass through an optical light
control means 17 after which they intersect the effect member 18
and are dispersed as schematically illustrated by the path 16a. It
may be seen that the arrangement of FIG. 2 corresponds generally to
that of FIG. 1, however, in order to obtain multiple colors we have
discovered that this multiple laser arrangement is very
advantageous. Thus, the light sources 21, 31 and 41 may be gas
lasers emitting multi-colored beams of light 20, 30 and 40 which
pass through an intensity adjusting atenuator 26, 36 and 46
respectively. The mirror 28 is fully reflective while the mirrors
38 and 48 are partially permeable dichroic mirrors which reflect
light of one color and transmit light of other colors. In this way
the light striking the effect producing means 18 may be of various
multi-colors. The light effect producing means 18 may of course be
of the same types as set forth with respect to FIG. 1 so that a
very great range of light patterns and effects may be produced.
From the foregoing description of the invention it may be seen that
variable lighting effects useful in theater, advertising,
photography etc., may be easily and simply produced by the
invention herein in a range of patterns and configurations
heretofore unknown. Although minor modifications might be suggested
by those versed in the art, it should be understood that we wish to
embody within the scope of the patent warranted hereon all such
modifications as reasonably and properly come within the scope of
our contribution to the art.
* * * * *