U.S. patent number 3,757,022 [Application Number 05/181,145] was granted by the patent office on 1973-09-04 for pitch articulation system for an electronic organ.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Allen Organ Company. Invention is credited to Jerome Markowitz.
United States Patent |
3,757,022 |
Markowitz |
September 4, 1973 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
PITCH ARTICULATION SYSTEM FOR AN ELECTRONIC ORGAN
Abstract
A pitch articulation system for an electronic organ in which the
normal organ sound or voice receives an additional low frequency
amplitude or frequency modulation for a short period of time upon
depressing each key. Upon depressing a key, a pulse forming circuit
is triggered which produces a pulse of a selected duration. This
pulse keys a vibrato or a tremolo oscillator for a period of time
equal to the pulse's duration.
Inventors: |
Markowitz; Jerome (Allentown,
PA) |
Assignee: |
Allen Organ Company (Macungie,
PA)
|
Family
ID: |
22663086 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/181,145 |
Filed: |
September 16, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
84/629; 84/662;
984/328 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G10H
1/14 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G10H
1/06 (20060101); G10H 1/14 (20060101); G10h
001/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;84/1.24,1.25,DIG.4
;331/106,178 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wilkinson; Richard B.
Assistant Examiner: Witkowski; Stanley J.
Claims
I claim:
1. A pitch articulation system for use in an electronic musical
instrument having keys and a vibrato system, comprising:
switch means activated by said keys in response to said keys being
depressed;
a pulse forming circuit energized by said switch means in response
to said switch means being activated, said pulse forming circuit
generating a pulse when energized; and
means for enabling said vibrato system of said electronic musical
instrument in response to the pulse of said pulse forming circuit
for the duration of the pulse generated by said pulse forming
circuit.
2. A pitch articulation system as recited in claim 1 wherein said
enabling means is a switch.
3. A pitch articulation system as recited in claim 1 wherein said
enabling means is an electronic switch.
4. A pitch articulation system as recited in claim 1 wherein said
pulse forming circuit generates a pulse having a duration of 70
milliseconds.
5. A pitch articulation system for use in an electronic musical
instrument having keys and a tremolo system, comprising:
switch means activated by said keys in response to said keys being
depressed;
a pulse forming circuit energized by said switch means in response
to said switch means being activated, said pulse forming circuit
generating a pulse when energized; and
means for enabling said tremolo system of said electronic musical
instrument in response to the pulse of said pulse forming circuit
for the duration of the pulse generated by said pulse forming
circuit.
6. A pitch articulation system as recited in claim 1 wherein said
enabling means is a switch.
7. A pitch articulation system as recited in claim 1 wherein said
enabling means is an electronic switch.
8. A pitch articulation system as recited in claim 5 wherein said
pulse forming circuit generates a pulse having a duration of
seventy milliseconds.
9. An electronic musical instrument having keys, a wave shape
memory for storing digital representations of musical sound at
sampled points, a frequency synthesizer for producing a frequency
signal for reading digital representations out of said wave shape
memory at a rate related to the key operated to form a digital
signal, a digital to analog converter for converting said digital
signal to an audio signal, wherein the improvement comprises:
a pulse forming circuit energized by depressing one of said keys,
said pulse forming circuit generating a pulse when energized;
a tremolo oscillator, said tremolo oscillator being energized by
the pulse generated by said pulse forming circuit;
means for applying the output of said tremolo oscillator to the
digital signal being read out of said wave shape memory upon
operation of said one of said keys.
10. An electronic musical instrument as recited in claim 9 wherein
said means includes stop tabs.
11. An electronic musical instrument as recited in claim 9 wherein
said means includes an adder-subtracter circuit, said
adder-subtracter circuit allowing the output of said tremolo
oscillator to be added to the digital signal or subtracted from the
digital signal by inverting the output of said tremolo
oscillator.
12. An electronic musical instrument as recited in claim 9 wherein
the pulse generated by said pulse forming circuit has a duration of
70 milliseconds.
Description
This invention relates to a pitch articulation system for an
electronic organ. More particularly, the present invention relates
to a pitch articulation system for an electronic organ wherein an
added vibrato or tremolo modulation is applied to the voice of the
organ for a short period of time after the depression of a key.
In U.S. pat. No. 3,515,792 by Ralph Deutsch entitled Digital Organ
and assigned to the assignee of the present invention, there is
disclosed a digital organ which may be used in combination with one
embodiment of the present invention. The teachings of this patent
are incorporated herein by reference.
U.S. pat. No. 3,515,792 discloses, in part, a digital organ having
keys, a wave shape memory, a frequency synthesizer and a digital to
analog converter. A digital representation of a selected musical
wave shape is stored in the wave shape memory. In particular, the
amplitude of the selected wave shape is sampled at a plurality of
spaced points along the wave. The amplitude at each sample point,
or the difference between the amplitude at adjacent sample points,
is digitized; that is, the numerical value in discrete units of
amplitude is assigned to each point. Representations of these
digital amplitude or amplitude difference values are stored in the
wave shape memory. The wave shape memory may be any suitable
electronic memory such as a diode array.
To produce a musical note, the stored digital representation of the
wave shape is repetitively read from the wave shape memory at a
rate depending upon the key selected. In other words, the
depressing of a particular key causes the frequency synthesizer to
produce a particular frequency. This frequency produced by the
frequency synthesizer may be integrally related to the first
harmonic frequency of the note of the key depressed. The frequency
signal produced by the frequency synthesizer is used to
sequentially read out of the wave shape memory the amplitude or
amplitude increment at each sample point. The digital signal
sequentially read out of the wave shape memory is then converted by
the digital to analog converter to an audio signal. The audio
signal may then be amplified by audio amplifiers and applied to
speakers.
The present invention is directed to a pitch articulation system
for use in an electronic musical instrument such as an electronic
organ. In an electronic organ, pitch articulation is desired in
order to produce an electronic organ which is acceptable to the
most discriminating organist. The present invention concerns an
important element in the electronic production of realistic organ
tone. This element is the presence of speech transients in a given
note or tone source.
The present invention applies an added vibrato or tremolo
modulation to an existing organ note or tone for a short period of
time after a key is operated or depressed. Accurately described,
tremolo is a variation of volume or amplitude modulation, while
vibrato is a variation of pitch or frequency. However, it is not
easy to tell merely from the sound whether tremolo or vibrato is
being used because of the relatively small degree of change and the
rate at which it occurs. Professional musicians judging only by the
sound can be mistaken. Therefore, in the present application, when
speaking of vibrato, it is understood that tremolo may also be used
or vice versa.
The present invention advantageously produces a pleasing effect and
more realistic tone or voice by adding a tremolo or vibrato for a
short period of time upon operation of a key. This period of time
may be, in one specific sample, seventy milliseconds. However, it
is understood that this period of time may be longer or
shorter.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a pulse forming circuit
is energized by depressing or operating one of the keys. This pulse
forming circuit generates a pulse when energized. The pulse from
the pulse forming circuit may be used to energize a tremolo or
vibrato oscillator, close a switch, or gate the output of the
oscillator for a period of time equal to the duration of the pulse.
This short duration tremolo or vibrato is applied to the normal
musical instrument or organ voice.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the tremolo or
vibrato oscillator output is applied to digital representations of
a musical note wave shape stored in a wave shape memory as it is
read out of the memory. The output of the oscillator may be applied
through a circuit which may selectively invert the oscillator
output. In other words, the tremolo or vibrato output can be either
added to or subtracted from the normal organ output.
For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there are shown in
the drawings forms which are presently preferred; it being
understood, however, that this invention is not limited to the
precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for performing the
present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of another embodiment in accordance with
the present invention.
Referring now to the drawings in detail, there is shown in FIG. 1
an embodiment of the invention wherein a switch 10 is operated by a
key (not shown) of an electronic organ. Switch 10 may be provided
with an arm 12 which when operated simultaneously connects contacts
14 and 16 to point 18. Contact 16 may be connected to keying
circuitry providing the normal organ voice without the addition of
the pitch articulation of the present invention. Terminal 20 may be
ground potential or some other suitable potential which enables
operation of pulse forming circuitry 22 and the normal organ
circuitry through contact 16. However, it is understood that the
switch shown by FIG. 1 is not intended to be limiting. For example,
the normal organ circuitry could be connected to point 18 thereby
eliminating the additional contact point 16.
Pulse forming circuit 22 generates a pulse upon the closing of
switch 10. The pulse generated by pulse forming circuit 22 may be
used to hold a switch 24 closed for a period of time equal to the
duration of the pulse. Switch 24 energizes or enables the system
vibrato 26 during the time duration of the pulse formed by pulse
forming circuit 22.
Referring now to FIG. 2, there is shown another embodiment of the
invention. Organ keys 30, frequency synthesizer 32, wave shape
memory 34 and digital to analog converter 36 may be similar to
those described in U.S. pat. No. 3,515,792. The organ keys 30 in
addition to energizing frequency synthesizer 32, energize pulse
forming circuitry 38. Pulse forming circuitry 38 produces a pulse
of a desired pulse width. The pulse width of the pulse generated by
pulse forming circuitry 38 may be 70 milliseconds, however, it may
be shorter or longer as desired to suit the personal taste of the
listener.
The pulse formed by pulse forming circuit 38 energizes tremolo
oscillator 40 (which in an alternative embodiment may a vibrato
oscillator) for the duration of the pulse. The output of the
tremolo oscillator 40 is fed through an adder-subtracter circuit
42. Adder-subtracter circuit 42 may be an inverter circuit in which
it is possible to select either an inverted or a non-inverted
output. The output of the adder-subtracter circuit 42 is fed
through stop tabs 44 to wave shape memory 34. The stop tabs 44
enable a choice by the organist as to whether the added pitch
articulation will be used. The output of adder-subtracter circuit
42 fed through stop tabs 44 is applied to the digital signal being
sequentially read out of the wave shape memory. That is, where the
amplitude of the digital pulse represents the amplitude at that
point of the stored musical signal, the signal fed through stop
tabs 44 is algebraically added to it. Alternatively, the signal fed
through stop tabs 44 may be applied to the signal being
sequentially read out of wave shape memory 34 in digital to analog
converter 36 as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 2. Referring to
FIG. 1 of U.S. pat. No. 3,515,792-Deutsch, the pitch articulation
signal may be applied to the signal read out of wave shape memory
24 as it is read out either in wave shape memory 24, digital to
analog converter 30 or any other suitable stage after the signal is
read out of wave shape memory 24. A still further alternative is
the applying of the output signal from stop tabs 44 to the signal
addressing or reading out of wave shape memory 34. This would vary
the rate at which the signal stored in the wave shape memory 34 is
read out. Referring to FIG. 1 of United States pat. No.
3,515,792-Deutsch, the output of stop tabs 44 would be applied to
the signal addressing wave shape memory 24. By means of the
adder-subtracter circuitry, this added tremolo may be added to or
subtracted from the digital signal being read out of the wave shape
memory 34. Suitable circuits for the adder-subtracter circuitry are
circuits SN 54181 or SN 74181 available from Texas Instruments,
Inc., Dallas, Texas 75222.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms
without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof
and, accordingly, reference should be made to the appended claims,
rather than to the foregoing specification as indicating the scope
of the invention.
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