U.S. patent number 3,756,396 [Application Number 05/259,566] was granted by the patent office on 1973-09-04 for interlocked pallet and container system.
Invention is credited to Oliver B. Kilroy.
United States Patent |
3,756,396 |
Kilroy |
September 4, 1973 |
INTERLOCKED PALLET AND CONTAINER SYSTEM
Abstract
This specification discloses an interlocked pallet and container
system comprising a rectangular pallet having legs and a plurality
of containers on said pallet in a stack which are interlocked
together and to the pallet. A flap is hingedly connected to each of
a pair of opposed side edges of the pallet and is formed with a
series of projections which are received in openings in container
walls of the outer rows of containers which engage the flaps.
Straps are passed beneath the pallet and over the flaps and stacked
containers to secure the interlocked condition.
Inventors: |
Kilroy; Oliver B. (Tucson,
AZ) |
Family
ID: |
22985459 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/259,566 |
Filed: |
June 5, 1972 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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220329 |
Jan 24, 1972 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
206/597;
206/509 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
19/44 (20130101); B65D 71/0096 (20130101); B65D
2571/00111 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
71/00 (20060101); B65D 19/38 (20060101); B65D
19/44 (20060101); B65D 71/02 (20060101); B05d
071/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;108/55,53,51
;214/1.5R,1.5S ;220/97F ;206/65B,65K,65R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Rothberg; Samuel B.
Assistant Examiner: Caskie; John M.
Parent Case Text
This application is a continuation - in - part of the copending
U.S. Pat. application of Oliver B. Kilroy, Ser. No. 220,329, filed
Jan. 24, 1972, and entitled "Interlocked Pallet and Container
System."
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In an interlocked pallet and container system:
a. a pallet comprising a rectangular platform, having an upper
face, a lower face, and two pairs of opposed side edges;
b. two pairs of grooves in said platform opening onto its upper
face and extending between one pair of side edges and in spaced
parallel relation to each other and the other pair of side
edges;
c. a pair of flaps hingedly connected to the side edges of the
platform which are parallel to said grooves;
d. a plurality of projections carried by said flaps and extending
inwardly when said flaps are in upraised positions;
e. a plurality of legs depending from the lower face of said
platform and defining a pair of channel-like passages on the
underside of the platform and which terminate at the edges to which
said flaps are connected;
f. a plurality of containers stacked on said platform, said
containers being arranged in tiers, there being a lower tier, said
lower tier including outer rows at the side edges of the platform
to which said flaps are connected;
g. each of said containers comprising a rectangular bottom having a
pair of downwardly projecting ribs in spaced parallel relation,
with the ribs of the containers of the outer rows of the lower tier
being received in said grooves, two pairs of opposed walls
upstanding from said bottom in diverging relation, with a wall of
one pair being formed with an opening, with the opening in the wall
of an outer row receiving one of said projections, a top formed
with upwardly opening grooves in spaced parallel relation, and
h. a pair of straps passing through said passages about said flaps
on the outer rows of containers and over the top of said stacked
containers.
2. The interlocked pallet and container system of claim 1 in which
said lower tier includes a middle row of containers in an inverted
position, and the top face of said pallet platform is formed with a
pair of upstanding ribs which are received in the pairs of grooves
on the tops of the inverted containers of said middle row.
3. The interlocked pallet and container system of claim 2 together
with recesses extending outwardly from each side of each of said
grooves in the pallet platform and container tops and tabs
extending outwardly from each side of said ribs on the pallet top
and the container bottoms.
4. The interlocked pallet and container system of claim 3 in which
all of the recesses associated with all of the grooves are arranged
in pairs at spaced intervals along the grooves, and the tabs which
are associated with all of the ribs are arranged in pairs at spaced
intervals along all of the ribs with the tabs of each pair
extending outwardly from the opposite sides of the groove or rib in
normal relation thereto.
5. The interlocked pallet and container system of claim 1 together
with recesses extending outwardly from each side of each groove in
the upper face of the pallet and the tops of the containers and
tabs extending outwardly from each side of the ribs on the
container bottoms and which tabs are received in said recesses.
6. The interlocked pallet and container system of claim 5 in which
said recesses and tabs are arranged in pairs at spaced intervals
along the grooves and recesses with the recesses and tabs of each
pair being in alignment and normal to the respective groove or
rib.
7. In an interlocked pallet and container system:
a. a pallet comprising a rectangular platform having an upper face,
a lower face and two pairs of opposed side edges;
b. a pair of grooves in said platform opening onto its upper face
and extending between one pair of side edges and parallel to the
other pair;
c. a pair of flaps hingedly connected to the side edges of the
platform which are parallel to said grooves;
d. a plurality of projections carried by said flaps and extending
inwardly when said flaps are in upraised positions;
e. a plurality of legs depending from the lower face of said
platform and defining a pair of channel-like passages on the
underside of the platform and which terminate at the edges to which
said flaps are connected;
f. a plurality of containers stacked on said platform, said
containers being arranged in tiers, there being a lower tier, said
lower tier including outer rows at the side edges of the platform
to which said flaps are connected;
g. each of said containers comprising a rectangular bottom having a
downwardly projecting rib, with the ribs of the containers of the
outer rows of the lower tier being received in said grooves, two
pairs of opposed walls upstanding from said bottom with a wall of
one pair being formed with an opening, with the opening in the wall
of an outer row receiving one of said projections, a top formed
with an outwardly opening groove, and means to hold said top in
closed position;
h. interlocking elements on said platform and the bottoms of the
containers of said lower tier to inhibit longitudinal movement of
said containers in the direction of said grooves in the pallet
platform relative to said pallet, and
i. a pair of straps passing through said passages, about said flaps
and the outer rows of containers and over the top of said stacked
containers.
Description
The pallet is formed on its upper face with two pairs of grooves in
parallel spaced relation to each other and to a side edge to which
a flap is joined. Formed in the top face of the pallet and opening
into each of these grooves are a plurality of pairs of aligned
recesses with the number of such pairs corresponding to the number
of containers in a row. Between the two pairs of grooves above
mentioned is a central pair of upstanding ribs parallel to each
other and to said grooves. Each of these ribs is formed with a
plurality of pairs of aligned tabs normal to and outstanding from
the rib. The spacing between the pairs of tabs corresponds to the
spacing of said pairs of recesses.
Each container is rectangular in shape and comprises a bottom from
which upstand four side walls in outwardly diverging relation. A
top is hingedly connected to the upper edge of one side wall. Two
of the side walls in opposed relation are formed with openings
which receive the projections on the flaps. The bottom of each
container is formed with a pair of downwardly projecting ribs in
spaced parallel relation to each other and to the side walls with
the openings. Extending outwardly from each rib in a direction
normal thereto and in alignment are a pair of tabs. The top is
formed with a pair of upwardly opening grooves in spaced parallel
relation to each other and the top edges of the side walls formed
with the recesses. Opening into each of these grooves is a pair of
aligned recesses normal to the groove.
In use, the ribs on the bottoms of the outer rows of containers
which are interlocked with the flaps are received in the outer
pairs of grooves on the top face of the pallet. At the same time,
the tabs on these ribs are received in the recesses which open into
the grooves. The middle row of containers are inverted with the
grooves in the tops thereof receiving the central pair of ribs on
the pallet top face and the recesses which open into the grooves
receiving the tabs on the central pair of ribs.
The present invention relates to interlocked pallet and container
systems of the character disclosed in the above identified
application, and is concerned primarily with improvements resulting
in an interlock which inhibits movement of the containers relative
to each other and to the pallet in two directions normal to each
other and which incorporates stability into a container when
disassembled from the stack and pallet and placed on a supporting
surface.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The above identified application discloses an interlocked pallet
and container system including a pallet of rectangular shape, from
the bottom side of which depends three rows of legs with three legs
in each row. Hingedly connected to two opposite side edges of this
pallet are a pair of flaps having projections which extend inwardly
when the flaps are in an upright position. Spaced inwardly from
each of these side edges, a groove is formed in the top face of the
pallet and which groove is parallel to the respective side edge. A
rib parallel to the groove upstands from the top face of the pallet
intermediate said grooves.
Each of the containers which are assembled on the pallet comprises
a bottom of rectangular shape and from the edges of which upstand
four side walls in diverging relation. Two of these side walls in
opposed relation are formed with openings which are adapted to
receive the projections on the flaps. Hingedly connected to the
upper edge of one of these side walls is a cover. Protruding from
the lower face of the bottom is a rib which is adapted to be
received in one of the grooves in the pallet top face. Opening onto
the upper face of the top is a groove which is adapted to receive
the rib on the pallet when the container is in an inverted position
or a rib on the bottom of a container which may be stacked
thereabove.
In use a central row of containers in inverted position are
positioned centrally of the pallet so that the rib on the pallet is
received in the grooves in the container tops. Outer rows of
containers are placed on the pallet in a conventional manner with
the ribs on the bottoms thereof being received in the grooves in
the pallet. The flaps are swung upwardly into positions in which
the projections thereon are received in the openings of certain of
the container side walls. One or more tiers of containers are then
placed above the lower tier in an obvious manner. A pair of straps
are then passed beneath the pallet over the flaps and about the
stacked containers.
While the above described pallet and container system may prove to
be satisfactory under most conditions, it presents two possible
disadvantages. One of these resides in the possibility of the
containers moving lengthwise in the direction of the grooves and
ribs in the pallets and containers. The second possible
disadvantage is related to the fact that on many occasions an
isolated container may be placed on a supporting surface such as a
floor or dock in an upright position, in which case the rib which
projects from the bottom of the container results in a tilt or
unstable condition.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
With the foregoing conditions in mind, the invention has in view
the following objectives:
1. To provide in an interlocked pallet and container system of the
character disclosed in said copending application, means for
inhibiting longitudinal movement of the lower tier of containers
relative to the pallet in the direction of the grooves and rib
thereon and also relative longitudinal movement of the upper tiers
of containers relative to the longitudinal grooves and ribs
thereon.
2. To provide, in an interlocked pallet and container system of the
type noted, means for inhibiting the longitudinal movement
mentioned above, and which means takes the form of a pair of
aligned recesses which open onto a groove in the pallet and which
are normal to the groove, and a pair of aligned tabs which extend
from a rib on a container bottom which are normal thereto and which
tabs are received in said recesses, there being a pair of
cooperating tabs and recesses for each container.
3. To provide, in an interlocked pallet and container system of the
character aforesaid, containers having ribs extending from the
bottoms thereof and each of which containers, when in an isolated
condition, includes means for holding it in a stable position on a
supporting surface.
4. To provide, in an interlocked pallet and container system of the
kind described, container stabilizing means which takes the form of
two parallel ribs projecting from the underside of the bottom of
each container.
Various other more detailed objects and advantages of the invention
such as arise in connection with carrying out the above ideas in a
practical embodiment will, in part, become apparent, and, in part,
be hereafter stated as the description of the invention
proceeds.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The foregoing objects are achieved by providing a pallet including
a horizontal platform of rectangular shape and a plurality of legs
depending from the underside of said platform. A pair of flaps are
connected to two opposed side edges of the platform by integral
hinges and each of these flaps carries a plurality of projections
which extend inwardly when the flaps are in an upraised position.
Formed in the upper face of the platform in spaced parallel
relation to each side edge to which a flap is connected are a pair
of spaced parallel grooves. At intervals along each of these
grooves are a pair of aligned recesses which open onto the grooves
and are normal thereto. There is a pair of these recesses for each
container which is to be positioned on the pallet.
Upstanding from the top face of the pallet between said two pairs
of grooves are a pair of ribs in spaced parallel relation to each
other and to the grooves. At intervals along each of these ribs,
the top face of the pallet is formed with pairs of aligned tabs
normal to the rib. These tabs are located at intervals
corresponding to the spacing of the recesses aforesaid.
Assembled in stacked relation on the pallet are a plurality of
containers each comprising a bottom of rectangular shape and from
the edges of which upstand four side walls in diverging relation.
Two of these side walls which are opposed to each other are formed
with openings which are adapted to receive the projections on the
flaps. A top is hingedly connected to the upper edge of one of the
side walls between those formed with the openings. Projecting from
the underface of the bottom are a pair of ribs which are in spaced
parallel relation with respect to each other and the side edges
from which the side walls with the openings upstand. The bottom is
also formed with a pair of aligned tabs which extend outwardly from
each groove in a direction normal thereto. These ribs and tabs on
the bottom of a container are adapted to be received in the grooves
and recesses in the top face of the pallet.
The container top is formed with a pair of upwardly opening grooves
in parallel relation with respect to each other and the upper edges
of the side walls formed with the openings. The top is also formed
with a pair of upwardly opening aligned recesses which communicate
with each groove and extend in a direction normal thereto. These
grooves and recesses in the top are adapted to receive either the
ribs and tabs on the pallet when the container is in inverted
position, or the ribs and tabs on the bottoms of the containers in
normal position. The grooves and recesses on the tops of the outer
rows of containers which are in conventional position receive the
ribs and tabs on the outer rows of containers in a tier thereabove.
Straps are passed about the underside of the platform pallet, the
flaps thereon, and the stacked containers, and are tightened to
achieve a secure interlocked system.
For a full and more complete understanding of the invention,
reference may be had to the following description and the
accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective of a container which is used in the
interlocked system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective of a portion of a container as assembled on
a portion of the pallet;
FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the pallet with the flaps in upraised
position;
FIG. 4 is a view in end elevation of the pallet and the lower
portion of containers thereon being taken about the plane of the
line 4--4 of FIG. 3, and
FIG. 5 is a perspective of a fully assembled interlocked pallet and
container system of this invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the drawings wherein like reference characters
denote corresponding elements throughout the several views, and
first more particularly to FIGS. 1 and 2, a container which is
typical of those used in the subject system is referred to
generally at 10. The container 10 comprises a bottom 11 which is
rectangular, with square being the preferred shape. Upstanding from
the side edges of bottom 11 are side walls 12 and 13 (FIG. 1) and
14 and 15 (FIG. 2). It is now common practice to mold containers of
this type from fibrous material and in order to facilitate removal
of a core mold and a container from a mold, the walls 12, 13, 14
and 15 diverge outwardly from the bottom 11 to provide the draft
necessary for this removal. Walls 12 and 15 which are opposed are
formed with a series of openings 16 for a purpose to be later
described. Bottom 11 is formed with two ribs 17 which project from
the underside thereof and the formation of which result in grooves
on the upper face. Substantially midway the end of edge rib 17, the
bottom 11 is formed with a pair of tabs 18 which align and which
are normal to the respective ribs 17.
Container 10 is provided with a top 19 which may be a separate
element as illustrated in the drawing, in which event it is secured
in position after the container is filled in any appropriate
manner. If desired, it may be hingedly connected to one of the side
walls as disclosed in the said copending application. Top 19 is
formed with a pair of grooves 20 which open onto its upper face and
which are in spaced parallel relation to each other and to the
upper edges of walls 12 and 15. Top 19 is also formed with a pair
of aligned recesses 21 with a pair being provided for each groove
20 and the recesses in normal relation thereto. Each pair of
recesses 21 opens onto a groove 20.
When top 19 assumes a sunken position within the upper portion of
container 10, its upper face will be substantially flush with the
upper edges of walls 12, 13, 14 and 15. Thus, walls 13 and 14 are
formed on their upper edges with notches 22 which align with
grooves 20.
Referring now more particularly to FIGS. 3 and 4, a pallet is
therein illustrated and identified generally at 23. Pallet 23
comprises a platform 24 of rectangular shape, preferably square,
and from the underside of which depend a plurality of legs 25. In
the illustrated embodiment, there are nine of these legs 25 in
three rows, with three in each row, as appears in FIG. 5. Platform
24 presents end edges 26 and side edges 27. Connected to platform
24 at each side edge 27, as by an integral hinge represented at 28,
is a flap 29 which extends the full length between end edges 26.
Projecting from the inner face of each flap 29, when the latter is
in the upraised position depicted in FIGS. 3 and 4, are a plurality
of projections 30. The projections 30 on each flap are spaced apart
so that they may be received in the opening 16 in a side wall of
container 10 when the latter is properly positioned on pallet
23.
The upper face of the platform 24 is formed with two pairs of
grooves 31, with each pair being arranged in spaced parallel
relation with respect to each other and the adjacent side edge 27
of platform 24. The grooves 31 extend between end edges 26. The top
face of platform 24 is also formed with three pairs of aligned
recesses 32 which are normal to and open into the groove 31 with
which they are associated. Between the two pairs of grooves 31 are
a pair of upstanding ribs 33 which are arranged in spaced parallel
relation with respect to each other and grooves 31. Ribs 33 extend
between end edges 26.
Associated with each rib 33 are a pair of aligned tabs 34 which
upstand from platform 24 and extend outwardly from the rib with
which they are associated. The several pairs of tabs 34 are spaced
apart at intervals corresponding to the spacing of recesses 32.
OPERATION
The above described pallet and container system is used in the
following manner. A row of containers 10 which is identified as an
outer row 35 is placed on platform 24 of pallet 23 with the ribs 17
of the containers being received in the grooves 31 in the upper
pallet face. At the same time, the tabs 18 will be received in the
recesses 32. A second row of containers 10, which is identified as
a middle row 36, is then placed in an inverted position against the
outer row 35. In this position, the grooves 20 in the container
tops 19 receive the ribs 33 on the pallet 23 with the tabs 34
fitting in the recesses 21. A second outer row of containers 37 is
then positioned on pallet platform 24 against the middle row 36 in
the same way above described in connection with outer row 35. These
rows 35, 36, and 37 make up the lower tier which is placed on
pallet 23. A second tier identified generally as 38 is placed over
the lower tier, with the rib 17 and tabs 18 of the container bottom
being received in the grooves 20 and recesses 21 of the container
tops for the outer rows. The containers of the middle row are
inverted so that grooves 20 and recesses 21 of the tops of the
inverted containers receive the ribs 17 and tabs 18 of the bottoms
of the inverted containers therebelow. A third upper tier 39 is
then positioned in exactly the same way above described in
connection with the tier 38. Flaps 29 are then swung upwardly into
position in which they engage either of the sides 12 and 15 of the
containers of the lower tier with the projection 30 fitting in
opening 16 as is clearly shown in FIG. 2. A pair of straps 40 are
then passed beneath the pallet platform 24 in the channels defined
by legs 25 about the flaps 29 and over the outer side walls of the
containers of the outer rows and then over the tops of the
containers in the top tier 39. Straps 40 are tightened and secured
by buckles 41 or other appropriate securing devices.
It is evident that the outer rows 35 and 37 of the lower tier are
interlocked both with the pallet platform 24 and the flaps 29.
Also, due to the inverted position of the containers in the middle
row 36, and the draft in the container wall structure, the middle
row 36 is securely clamped between the outer rows 35 and 37. The
tabs 18 on the container and tabs 34 on the platform cooperate with
the recesses 21 in the container tops and 32 in the platform pallet
to inhibit longitudinal movement of the containers in the direction
of the ribs and grooves relative to the pallet and containers.
Moreover, should it be desirable to place a container 10 in an
isolated state on a supporting surface, the pair of ribs 17 on the
bottom afford good stability and maintain the container in an
upright position in which bottom 11 is substantially parallel to
the supporting surface. This stability is further enhanced by the
tabs 18.
While a preferred specific embodiment is herein disclosed, it is to
be clearly understood that the invention is not to be limited to
the exact constructions, mechanisms and devices illustrated and
described, because various modifications of these details may be
provided in putting the invention into practice.
* * * * *