U.S. patent number 3,756,244 [Application Number 05/151,780] was granted by the patent office on 1973-09-04 for breathing aid.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Hudson Oxygen Therapy Sales Company. Invention is credited to Harold R. Havstad, John M. Kinnear.
United States Patent |
3,756,244 |
Kinnear , et al. |
September 4, 1973 |
BREATHING AID
Abstract
An improved breathing aid device comprises an elongated arched
conduit portion and a hollow neck portion extending from one end of
the conduit portion and a flange portion located at the end of the
neck portion opposite the conduit portion. The device includes a
plurality of parallel ribs extending lengthwise within the interior
of the conduit portion providing a plurality of channels for
guiding a catheter inserted into the device.
Inventors: |
Kinnear; John M. (Walnut,
CA), Havstad; Harold R. (Lakewood, CA) |
Assignee: |
Hudson Oxygen Therapy Sales
Company (Temecula, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
22540207 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/151,780 |
Filed: |
June 10, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
128/207.14;
138/108; 138/114 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61M
16/0493 (20140204); A61M 16/0495 (20140204); A61M
16/0488 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61M
16/04 (20060101); A61m 016/00 (); F16l 055/00 ();
F16l 009/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/208,351
;138/108,112,114 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Pace; Channing L.
Claims
I claim:
1. In a breathing aid device for insertion into the mouth and
pharynx having an elongated tubular hollow body open at each end
and which body has a straight portion for extending through the
lips and mouth and an arched portion for extending over the tongue
and into the pharynx, said hollow body having opposed generally
flat walls constituting a top and a bottom and a transversely
extending flange attached to the end of the straight body portion,
the improvement comprising at least one pair of ribs one member of
each pair being disposed opposite the other member of said pair and
extending longitudinally from each flat wall toward the other wall
along at least a portion of the interior length of the tubular body
and defining an elongated interior channel for guiding a tubular
catheter therealong whereby a catheter inserted into said device
extends along said channel leaving the remainder of the interior of
the hollow body unobstructed.
2. The device of claim 1 having two pairs of said ribs.
3. The device of claim 1 wherein said ribs extends substantially
along the length of the arched portion.
4. In combination the device of claim 3 and an elongated hollow
reinforcing member inserted in the straight portion and having an
outer surface in substantial abuttment with the interior surface of
the straight portion.
5. The device of claim 2 wherein the interior of the hollow
reinforcing member includes at least one pair of ribs substantially
aligned with the ribs of the arched portion and which ribs extend
along a portion of the reinforcing member interior.
6. The device of claim 1 comprising a relatively soft, pliable
plastic material.
7. The device of claim 1 wherein the plastic is polyvinyl chloride.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A breathing aid device commonly referred to as an airway has been
in use for some time. A particular type of airway is characterized
by an elongated and generally tubular construction having an arched
or curved portion and a neck portion extending from one end of the
arched portion. The device is placed into a patient's mouth with
the arched portion lying over the tongue. When in place, the
forward end of the arched portion is located in the upper
pharyngeal region while the neck portion passes between the
patient's upper and lower teeth and lips. A flattened flange is
usually also present on the end of the neck portion to prevent the
device from further entering the mouth or extending deeper into the
pharynx and avoid choking.
An airway is used extensively on patients to which an anesthetic
has been administered such as during surgery or who are otherwise
unconscious in order to maintain a direct air passage between the
lips and pharynx. Since the arched portion of the device lies over
the patient's tongue and extends into the upper pharyngeal region
the tongue is prevented from falling into the throat which would
otherwise cause blockage of the pharynx and disrupt the breathing
passageway. The device also finds use in resuscitation or rescue
breathing. Oxygen containing gases may be administered into the
airway through the forward end opening or the patient may breath
himself without the aid of gases from another source by both
inhaling and exhaling through the airway. In other words, the
device simply maintains an air passage from the pharynx through the
mouth and lips.
During surgery with an unconscious patient it is often necessary to
extend a catheter into the pharyngeal region to avoid choking
caused by congestion interfering with the upper respiratory tract.
The catheter is extended into the congested area and is attached to
a vacuum producing force for extracting the congestive material
from the patient's respiratory tract or trachea through the
catheter. Since an airway as above described is usually also being
used concurrently it is the practice to insert the catheter through
the airway. Thus, the airway acts generally as a guide for the
catheter as it is inserted. However, airways presently in use have
an inherent disadvantage and limitations.
The problem associated with prior art airways is that as a catheter
is fed into the device it tends to snake between the interior sides
of the device. As this occurs, when the walls of the catheter
approach both sides of the airway, the hollow interior of the
airway becomes substantially blocked, occluding the air passageway.
Further, if the catheter snakes as it is initially fed into the
airway, the angle of its forward end passing through the airway and
into the patient's throat may cause it to scrape the lining of the
patient's throat and pharynx resulting in injury and possible
bleeding.
The aforementioned disadvantages of an airway in not providing
sufficient directional stability of a suction catheter during
insertion and the snaking effect resulting in occlusion of the
passageway is potential with all sizes of airways and catheters.
Generally, the airways are sized according to the patient. For
example, sizes for large adults and new borns with a range of
intermediate sizes are usually available. Likewise, various
catheter sizes may be obtained for use in cooperation with the
airways. It will be appreciated that the smaller the catheter,
usually the more flexible it is which flexibility may cause the
snaking effect to be more pronounced with concomitant dangers.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The airway of the present invention is designed to substantially
eliminate the disadvantages of the Guedel type previously used. The
airway of the invention is provided with a plurality of ribs
extending along the interior length of the elongated arched conduit
portion. These cooperating ribs form a plurality of channels for
directing an inserted catheter and for maintaining its position
within the airway during use. At the same time with the catheter so
positioned, the remaining portion of the conduit is open and
unobstructed. Further, the direction of the end of the catheter
traveling from the airway into the patient's throat and pharynx is
maintained thereby substantially decreasing potential accidental
injury to the patient as previously described. These and other
advantages of the invention will be evident to those skilled in the
art from the following detailed description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of the airway of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a side sectional elevation of the airway of FIG. 1 taken
along line A--A thereof;
FIG. 3 is a full view in perspective of the airway;
FIG. 4 is an elevational view of the forward opening of the
airway;
FIG. 5 is a view in perspective showing a suction catheter inserted
in the airway; and
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a bite insert used with the airway
of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring to FIGS. 1-3 the airway 10 comprises an elongated arched
conduit portion 12 having a forward opening 18. A hollow neck
portion 14 is connected to the end of the arched conduit portion 12
and extends rearwardly therefrom. A flange portion 16 is located on
the end of the neck portion 14. The flange portion 16 is flattened
with the plane of its flattened surfaces being substantially
perpendicular to the common axes of the neck and conduit portions
14 and 12 respectively. The hollow neck portion 14 provides a
passageway 52 terminating at the exterior end 28 of the device with
the passageway 52 also communicating with the cavity 30 of the
conduit portion 12.
The conduit portion 12 is arched along both its upper surface 20
and lower surface 22 so that it generally conforms to the arch of a
patient's tongue and upper pharyngeal region.
As also shown in FIG. 4, the conduit portion 12 of the airway is
provided with a plurality of ribs, 24, 25, 26 and 27 which extend
along the interior length of the conduit portion 12. Upper ribs 26
and 27 extend along the upper interior conduit surface while lower
ribs 24 and 25 extend along the lower interior surface of the
arched conduit portion 12. It will be noted that each upper rib is
disposed substantially opposite a lower rib and cooperating with
conduit sides 45 and 47 to form channels 42, 44 and 46 extending
along the length of the arched conduit portion 12.
Noting particularly FIG. 1 and 4, channels 46 and 42 extend along
the sides of the conduit portion bounded by the respective interior
side of the conduit portion 12 and the sides of the respective
ribs. A third channel 44 is centrally located bounded generally by
the sides of the four cooperating ribs as shown.
The cross-section shape of the conduit portion 12 and the neck
portion 14 is generally elliptical with the upper and lower conduit
surfaces 20 and 22 and neck surfaces 13 and 15 respectively being
somewhat flattened. Accordingly, the cross section shape of the
neck portion 14 and arched conduit portion 12 including the rear
and forward airway openings 28 and 18 will be a modified or
somewhat flattened elliptical shape which may be referred to as a
prolonged or an elongated spheroid.
The preferred device incorporates the two pairs of upper and lower
ribs as shown in FIG. 4. Thus, the device as shown incorporates a
cavity 30 through the arched portion 12 into which cavity the ribs
extend to form the three channels 42, 44 and 46 as shown. However,
different number of opposing ribs may be used, for example, one
upper rib and one lower rib substantially opposed so as to create
two channels, one being on each side of the upper and lower ribs.
Similarly, three or more ribs, upper and lower could be used if
more channels are desired.
As previously noted, the ribs cooperate to form the channels along
the arched conduit portion 12 of the airway which channels act as a
guide for a catheter inserted into the airway. Referring to FIG. 5
there is illustrated a catheter 32 extending through the airway 10.
It will be noted that the catheter 32 extends along the center
channel 44 which is defined by the cooperating ribs. Thus, even
though the catheter 32 fills a large portion of that channel 44,
the two channels 42 and 46 remain open and unobstructed thus
assuring a sufficient passageway for air to and from the patient's
lungs.
It will be noted that opposing ribs, i.e., ribs 24 and 26 extend
substantially into the cavity 30 of the conduit section 12. The
projection of these opposing ribs toward one another is only
critical in that they should protrude far enough so as to prevent a
rather small catheter from slipping between them in which the
catheter would be located in two or more of the channels defeating
an object of the invention. The opposite ribs could even contact or
be formed as a single rib which would thus act as a separator or
divider for the channels.
As shown the ribs do not extend into the neck of the airway. That
feature is desirable since a bite block such as shown in FIG. 6 is
desirably used with the airway as will be more fully explained
hereinafter.
The specific shape of the conduit portion 12 is not extremely
critical but as previously pointed out should generally conform to
the shape of the arched tongue and downwardly directed passageway
from the back of the patient's mouth into the esophagus and upper
pharyngeal region. It is especially desirable that the forward edge
18 of the airway be rounded to avoid any sharp edges which may
injure a patient when the airway is inserted. In addition the
device is preferrably made of a soft and rather flexible plastic
such as a polyvinyl chloride or polyvinyl acetate. Although
materials such as polyethylene and polypropylene could be
substituted such plastics are usually somewhat harder and thus do
not offer as much patient comfort as the softer and more flexible
materials. However, these materials are by way of example only and
the device is not limited to specific plastics except by way of
preferred relative softness.
FIG. 6 illustrates a bite insert 36 preferably used in cooperation
with the airway previously described. The bite insert 36 comprises
an elongated hollow conduit provided with upper and lower opposed
ribs 33, 34, 37 and 38 projecting inwardly as shown. In using the
bite insert 36 with the airway, it is inserted into the passageway
52 of the hollow neck portion 14 of the airway 10. Since the
preferable airway composition is rather soft unless it is someway
enforced, a patient may bite down on the neck portion 14 causing
occlusion of the passageway 52 and suction catheter. This
undesirable feature is obviated by using the bite insert 36 made of
a rather hard material such as rigid polyethylene, nylon or similar
material. The outer surface of the bite block is shaped so that it
will nest snugly within the interior of the hollow neck portion and
provide reinforcement around its surface area.
The interior of the bite insert 36 is provided with the ribs
extending along a portion of the length of the upper and lower
interior surface. The ribs are formed so as to be aligned with the
ribs of the conduit portion of the airway to provide continuous
channels through the bite insert and airway for guiding an inserted
catheter. It is preferable to have the ribs extending from only one
end of the bite insert and approximately one-half of the length of
the conduit which leaves the other conduit half unencumbered. This
feature is desirable in order to allow for insertion of an airway
connecting device into the portion of the bite insert conduit or
tube which portion does not incorporate the ribs.
These as well as other advantages of the invention described herein
will be evident to those skilled in the art.
* * * * *