U.S. patent number 3,755,920 [Application Number 05/261,538] was granted by the patent office on 1973-09-04 for leg for a test dummy.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Alderson Research Laboratories, Inc.. Invention is credited to Joseph G. Smrcka.
United States Patent |
3,755,920 |
Smrcka |
September 4, 1973 |
LEG FOR A TEST DUMMY
Abstract
There is disclosed a leg for a test dummy which has a range of
motion about the knee joint similar to that of the human and
greater than the motion range of prior art legs. This is achieved
by offsetting the simulated bone of the lower leg and molding a
compressible cavity into the calf portion of the leg. The knee
includes an impact housing connected directly to the upper leg bone
structure so that knee impacts are not transmitted through the
joint. The foregoing abstract is not to be taken either as a
complete exposition or as a limitation of the present invention. In
order to understand the full nature and extent of the technical
disclosure of this application, reference must be had to the
following detailed description and the accompanying drawings as
well as to the claims.
Inventors: |
Smrcka; Joseph G. (Norwalk,
CT) |
Assignee: |
Alderson Research Laboratories,
Inc. (Stamford, CT)
|
Family
ID: |
22993765 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/261,538 |
Filed: |
June 9, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
434/274 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G09B
23/32 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G09B
23/00 (20060101); G09B 23/32 (20060101); G09b
023/30 () |
Field of
Search: |
;35/17 ;280/15B,15SB
;223/66,68 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Skogquist; Harland S.
Claims
I claim:
1. A leg for a test dummy which comprises: an upper leg member; a
knee joint secured to the upper leg member; and a lower leg member
secured to said knee joint including a simulated lower leg bone
having a resilient covering simulating flesh, said covering
defining a compressible cavity in the calf portion.
2. The leg of claim 1 wherein said simulated lower leg bone is
offset forwardly from a line extending between the center of
rotation of the knee joint and the ankle.
3. The leg of claim 1 wherein said knee joint comprises: an impact
housing secured to said upper leg member and having a substantially
cylindrical surface of revolution adjacent said lower leg member;
first and second bars pivotally secured to opposite sides of said
housing to rotate about the axis of revolution; and a plate member
secured between said bars and to said lower leg bone.
4. The leg of claim 3 wherein said plate member and said simulated
lower leg bone are offset forwardly from a line extending between
the center of rotation of the knee joint and the ankle.
5. The leg of claim 1 wherein said upper leg member comprises: a
tube forming a portion of a simulated upper leg bone; a link rod
forming another portion of the simulated upper leg bone; means for
detechably securing one end of said link rod to said tube; and
means for detachably securing the other end of said link rod to
said knee joint.
6. The leg of claim 5 wherein said upper leg member further
comprises: first and second simulated leg flesh segments abutting
intermediate said securing means.
7. A leg for a test dummy which comprises: an upper leg member; an
impact housing secured to said upper leg member and having a
substantially cylindrical surface of revolution; first and second
bars pivotally secured to opposite sides of said housing to rotate
about the axis of revolution; and a lower leg member secured to
said first and second bars for rotation adjacent said surface of
revolution.
8. The leg of claim 7 wherein said upper leg member comprises: a
tube forming a portion of a simulated upper leg bone; a link rod
forming another portion of the simulated upper leg bone; means for
detachably securing one end of said link rod to said tube; and
means for detachably securing the other end of said link rod to
said impact housing.
9. The leg of claim 8 wherein said lower leg member comprises a
simulated lower leg bone offset forwardly from a line extending
between the axis of rotation of said bars and the ankle.
10. The leg of claim 9 wherein said lower leg member comprises a
resilient covering simulating flesh, said covering defining a
compressible cavity in the calf portion.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to test dummies of the type utilized in
aviation and automotive crash research. More particularly, it
relates to a leg construction for such dummies which permits
expanded motion about the knee joint and allows knee impact loads
to be transmitted directly to the femur rather than through the
knee joint.
In prior art dummies, the normal bulge of the calf upon making
contact with the thigh, prevented the knee joint from flexing
through the full 160.degree. range of the normal human knee.
Furthermore, in prior art constructions, impact loads on the knee
with the leg in a bent position are transmitted through the knee
joint causing frequent damage and inaccurate measurements at the
femur.
Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to
provide a leg for a test dummy having a knee flexion range similar
to that of the human and wherein impact loads on the flexed knee
are transmitted directly to the femur rather than through the knee
joint regardless of lower leg position. Other objects, features,
and advantages will become apparent from the following description
and the appended claims.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A leg for a test dummy is provided which includes an upper leg
member, a lower leg member, and a knee joint there-between. The
lower leg member includes a simulated leg bone having a resilient
covering which simulates flesh. The covering defines a compressible
cavity in the calf portion.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A full understanding of this invention will be had from the
following description with reference to the figures of the attached
drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a top view of a leg constructed in accordance with this
invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross section taken substantially along the line 2--2
of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a partial cross section of the leg of this invention
shown in its flexed configuration; and
FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross section taken substantially along the
line 4--4 of FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
With particular reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is illustrated a
leg in accordance with this invention comprising an upper leg
assembly 10, a knee assembly 12, and a lower leg 14. The upper leg
assembly 10 comprises a metallic tube 16 having a slot 18 at its
end. A link rod 20 having reduced diameter ends has one of those
ends inserted into tube 16 where it is secured by a socket head cap
screw 22. The other end of link rod 20 is inserted in a socket 24
defined by a cast metal impact housing 26 which forms one element
of the knee assembly 12. The end of the link rod 20 is secured to
the housing 26 by means of a second cap screw 28. Simulated flesh
is provided by upper 30 and lower 32 segments of vinyl skin and
foam which are provided with suitable passages 34, 36 for access to
the screws.
The housing 26 of the knee assembly 12 is essentially cylindrical,
describing a smooth surface of revolution 38 covered with solid
vinyl skin 40. One side of housing 26 defines a semicircular
aperture 42. The remaining portion of the knee assembly 12
comprises a pair of spaced bars 44 positioned on opposite sides of
housing 26 and pivotable about a shaft 46. The internal
construction of the knee joint forms no part of this invention and,
accordingly, is not illustrated. However, it may be of the type
disclosed in a co-pending application of Samuel W. Alderson
entitled "Variable Friction Hinge" Ser. No. 155,811, filed June 23,
1971 and assigned to the same assignee as the present invention. A
screw 48 carried by one of the bars 44 is positioned to traverse
the aperture 42 to provide a limit stop at its two extremes.
The lower leg 14 is secured to the knee assembly 12 by means of a
plate 50 which is welded between the bars 44. The plate 50 is
shaped as shown in FIG. 4 so as to be offset toward the front of
the leg. Welded to this offset portion of plate 50 is one end of a
metal tube 52 which forms the simulated lower leg bone. The lower
leg flesh is simulated by vinyl skin and foam 54. This flesh
differs from prior art constructions in that the calf portion
defines a cavity 56 which occupies a portion of the space left free
by the forward positioning of the tube 52. The lower leg 14
terminates in an ankle joint 58 which forms no part of the present
invention and, accordingly, need not be further described.
The extended range of motion provided by the leg of this invention
will be best appreciated by reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. As will be
noted therein, the cavity 56 may be compressed by contact of the
flesh 54 with the flesh of the thigh. This results in the lower leg
being rotatable through an arc of 160.degree. which exceeds the
motion available in prior art devices and closely approximates that
of the human leg.
An important additional advantage of the leg of this invention
arises from the knee construction. As previously explained, the
housing 26 is a strong cast impact member connected directly to the
upper leg. As will be apparent from FIG. 3, when the leg is bent,
any impact loads on the knee will be transmitted directly to the
link rod 20 thereby avoiding damage to the knee hinge and
permitting more accurate load measurements. As a further advantage,
there is greater flexibility in the choice of femur load measuring
systems. This is achieved by use of the link rod 20 which is an
exact dummy for commercially available femur load cells and which
can also be used for strain gauging. Access to the link rod is
facilitated by the separable upper leg flesh segments 30, 32. This
construction allows easy replacement of the link rod 20 or
measuring devices between the impact housing 26 and the upper leg
bone by the removal of the two screws 22, 28.
It is believed that the advantages of this invention will now be
apparent to those skilled in the art. It will also be apparent that
a number of variations and modifications may be made in this
invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Accordingly,
the foregoing description is to be construed as illustrative only,
rather than limiting. This invention is limited only by the scope
of the following claims.
* * * * *