U.S. patent number 3,755,903 [Application Number 05/251,452] was granted by the patent office on 1973-09-04 for anti-misting attachment for dental mirrors.
Invention is credited to Ronald P. Spinello.
United States Patent |
3,755,903 |
Spinello |
September 4, 1973 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
ANTI-MISTING ATTACHMENT FOR DENTAL MIRRORS
Abstract
An anti-misting attachment for dental mirrors is disclosed for
use particularly in conjunction with water-cooled dental drills,
the spray from which generates water droplets which quickly blur
mirrors to the point of uselessness. The surface mist is dispersed
by a surfactant stored on an exposed carrier attached to the mirror
in contact with the reflecting surface and released onto the mirror
surface in minute quantities in the presence of ambient water spray
which conveys the surfactant to the reflecting surface.
Inventors: |
Spinello; Ronald P. (Westbury,
NY) |
Family
ID: |
22952037 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/251,452 |
Filed: |
May 8, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
433/30 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B
1/253 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61B
1/253 (20060101); A61B 1/24 (20060101); A61c
003/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;32/69 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Peshock; Robert
Claims
I claim:
1. A dental mirror assembly comprising a head portion having an
image-reflecting surface and a supporting stem, an exposed carrier
surface carried by the assembly at least partially disposed above
the plane of the image-reflecting surface and defining a downwardly
inclined water course to the reflecting surface to accumulate
ambient coolant spray water from a proximate water-cooled dental
drill to condense the water to be drained onto the reflecting
surface, and an expendable, concentrated water-soluble surfactant
on said carrier surface, whereby the water from the coolant spray
falling on the carrier surface constitutes the medium for
dissolving the surfactant and for transmitting an aqueous
surfactant solution from the carrier to the reflecting surface for
continuously dispelling depositions of image-distorting water
particles of the spray from the reflecting surface.
2. A dental mirror assembly, comprising a head portion having an
image-reflecting surface and a supporting stem, an exposed carrier
surface spray by the assembly at least partially disposed above the
plane of the image-reflecting surface and defining a downwardly
inclined water course to the reflecting surface to accumulate
ambient coolant spray water from a proximate water-cooled dental
drill to condense the water to be drained onto the reflecting
surface, and means forming an array of cavities in the carrier
surface for holding a concentrated expendable surfactant adapted to
contact the condensing water spray on the carrier surface to form
an aqueous surfactant solution to be drained onto the
image-reflecting surface for continuously dispelling depositions of
image-distorting water particles of the spary from the reflecting
surface.
3. Apparatus as set forth in claim 2, said cavities comprising
channels inclined toward the reflecting surface.
4. A dental mirror as set forth in claim 1, said carrier surface
comprising an integral portion of said supporting stem.
5. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1, said carrier surface
including at least one arcuate member at the periphery of the
reflecting surface.
6. An attachment for a dental mirror comprising a carrier member
including an exposed carrier surface, and means to attach the
carrier member to a dental mirror with at least one portion of the
surface disposed above the mirror to accumulate ambient coolant
water spray from a dental drill and to direct the accumulated water
to the mirror, said surface being adapted to support an expendable
water-soluble surfactant.
7. An attachment for a dental mirror as set forth in claim 6, said
carrier member including a porous medium to carry the
surfactant.
8. An attachment for a dental mirror as set forth in claim 6, said
carrier member including detachable means to mount the carrier
member on the dental mirror.
9. Apparatus as set forth in claim 8, said carrier member being
formed of porous plastic entraining a water-soluble surfactant.
10. Apparatus as set forth in claim 9, said plastic being
polymerized in the presence of and in admixture with the
surfactant.
11. An attachment for a dental mirror as set forth in claim 8, said
dental mirror having a reflecting head and a supporting handle,
said carrier member comprising a detachable tubular member adapted
to surround the lower end of the handle of the mirror and to be
held thereby in close proximity to the edge of the reflecting
surface.
12. Apparatus as set forth in claim 11, said tubular member being
at least partially out of round to afford a resilient gripping
action on the handle.
13. Apparatus as set forth in claim 11, said tubular member being
formed with a pointed tip to engage the reflecting surface.
14. Apparatus as set forth in claim 11, said tubular member being
deformed inwardly along its length to define at least one
longitudinal channel to afford radial resilience and to define a
water course to the reflecting surface.
15. An attachment for a dental mirror as set forth in claim 11,
said tubular member comprising multiple layers, the inner layer
being formed of water-resistant material and the outer layer being
formed of a porous medium entraining the surfactant.
16. An attachment for a dental mirror as set forth in claim 15,
said layers being formed of helically wound materials, the outer
layer being impregnated with a water-soluble surfactant.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to mist-dispelling and fog-preventing devices
for dental mirrors.
In conventional dental practice, drilling the upper teeth using
high-speed water-cooled drills results in the rapid accumulation of
mist or droplets on the mirror which first distorts and then
obliterates the image. To remedy this problem, the dentist
periodically removes the mirror from the mouth of the patient to
clean it as by dipping in a non-misting liquid, usually a
germicidal detergent. Each cleaning yields a short period of
mist-free operation until the residual detergent dissipates in the
continuing spray of coolant water. The procedure is not only
time-consuming but can result in degraded work due both to
worsening mirror reflectivity while the dentist operates and the
need of the dentist to reestablish critical instrument positions
after each mirror-clearing interruption. Also, a detergent-dipped
mirror can be distasteful in the patient's mouth. A lesser problem
to dentists, and one more easily solved, involves fogging of cold
mirrors by the patient's breath as a transient condition occurring
at the outset of treatment.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a
dental mirror assembly which de-mists itself automatically in the
presence of moisture without requiring that it be removed from the
mouth of the patient, and which, moreover, is not distaseful to the
patient.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the invention, there is provided an attachment
for a dental mirror in the form of an exposed carrier in contact
with the reflecting surface and which holds a water-soluble
surfactant, minute quantities of which are picked up by the ambient
water spray to be carried thereby to the miror surface.
In one preferred embodiment, the carrier takes the form of an
expendable, detachable member, so mounted that it is in contact
with an edge of the mirror surface and at least partially exposed
above the surface. The carrier can be formed, for example, of a
porous medium saturated with surfactant and its exposure is such
that it gathers ambient spray from the tooth-drilling operation.
When exposed to water from the spray, the surfactant leaches out of
the carrier in small quantities, tasteless to the patient, but
effective to break down surface tension of water droplets on the
reflecting surface, and therefore will dispel the mist to prevent
distortion of the reflected image. Thus, the ambient spray water
forms the medium for picking up the surfactant and carrying it to
the reflecting surface where it encounters the image-distorting
droplets, also from the spray, and which are immediately dispersed.
The carrier can take the form, for example, of a sleeve adapted to
be slipped over the mirror handle. The carrier can also be
non-expendable, forming either a permanent part of the mirror, or a
re-usable, i.e. sterilizable, attachment therefor, with the
surfactant being applied prior to use and after sterilization.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a view in perspective of the lower end of a dental mirror
having a mist-dispelling and fog-preventing attachment thereon;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the attachment separated from the
mirror;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the attachment and showing the mirror in
phantom lines to indicate how the attachment is mounted;
FIG. 4 is a view in perspective of another modification of the
invention shown mounted on a dental mirror;
FIG. 5 is a side view of the attachment on the dental mirror of
FIG. 4 as it appears prior to mounting on the mirror handle;
FIGS. 6a and 6b are views in transverse section taken on the lines
6a--6a and 6b--6b respectively looking in the direction of the
arrows of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a view in transverse section in enlarged scale
illustrating a wall construction for the attachment of FIGS. 4 and
5;
FIG. 8 is a view in transverse section illustrating another way of
fabricating the walls of the attachment of FIGS. 4 and 5;
FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 are respectively side, top and end views of a
dental mirror representing another modification of the
invention;
FIGS. 12 and 13 are side and end views of a dental mirror embodying
the present invention and illustrating still another
modification;
FIG. 14 is a side view of a dispenser which can be used in
conjunction with the embodiments of the invention illustrated by
FIGS. 9-13; and
FIG. 15 is a view in perspective of another modification of the
invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In its broadest terms, the invention comprises devices which
utilize the ambient or scattered spray water which emanates from
water-cooled dental drills as a vehicle for carrying a
water-soluble surfactant from an exposed portion of the dental
mirror above the reflecting surface downward to the reflecting
surface to dispel mists deposited by the spray. A surfactant is
defined as a "surface-active agent", such as a wetting agent, which
breaks down the surface tension of the water particles causing them
to integrate into a thin water film which does not distort the
image and which can flow from the mirror surface. The surfactant
also augments the accumulation and flow of water from the spray to
the mirror surface.
In accordance with the invention, the apparatus can take a number
of forms including an expendable attachment entraining surfactant
and adapted to be detachably mounted on the head or handle of the
dental mirror, or it can take the form of a surface designed
permanently into the mirror assembly as either part of the handle
or the head and to which a surfactant, preferably in solid form, is
applied each time the mirror is to be used. The surfactant supply
should be sufficient in volume so that it will continuously dispel
water mists on the mirror for an extended period of time, say, 60
minutes, without replacement or replenishment.
Referring to the drawings and first to FIGS. 1-3, the invention is
illustrated in the form of a clip-on carrier attachment 10 for a
dental mirror 11, including a handle portion 11a and a reflecting
head portion 11b. The attachment 10 is moded in an integrated
assembly of plastic including a flat base portion 12 adapted to
underlie the back surface of the mirror and a pair of C-shaped
arcuate flange portions 13 and 14 adapted to grip the sides of the
mirror with a light spring force and including arcuate sections 13a
and 14a respectively adapted to overlie for a very short distance
the edge of the reflecting surface of the mirror. The attachment is
adapted to be slipped onto the mirror by snapping it on from the
rear edge generally in the same plane as the reflecting head of the
mirror, with the lower end of the handle 11a (usually in the form
of a thin stem) being received in a slot 15.
The attachment can be formed of a plastic such as an acrylic which
is polymerized in the presence of a surfactant, thereby entraining
minute quantities of the surfactant throughout the plastic.
Examples of how the plastic can be made are set forth below. Water
from the coolant spray commonly used in conjunction with tooth
drilling, normally falls upon the mirror in the form of droplets
which distort the image or in some cases obliterate it entirely.
The water engaging the upper flanges 13a and 14a of the attachment
10 releases minute quantities of surfactant in a water solution
which instantaneously dispels the mist. The surfactant is released
in such minute quantities that it is not perceptible to the
patient. In addition, it leaches out onto the reflecting surface
continuously for an extended period of as long as 60 minutes, which
more than exceeds the average treatment period. When the treatment
is completed, the attachment, being expendable, can be thrown away.
In most cases, its nature is such that it is not conducive to
sterilization because such processes normally remove the entrained
detergent. The body 12 of the clip-on carrier attachment 10 can
also be formed of a non-porous material, and the flanges 13a and
14a can have applied thereto a carrier, such as a porous overlay
entraining a surfactant or a surfactant coating can be added
directly to the carrier in the form of a solid surfactant which
will solubilize slowly in the presence of water.
Referring to FIGS. 4-6, a modification of the invention is shown in
the form of an expendable sleeve attachment 16 adapted to be
slipped over the handle 11a of the mirror to cause its contoured
tip 17 to engage the mirror surface. The sleeve can be formed, for
example, as an extruded plastic composition which is polymerized in
the presence of a surfactant and examples of which are set forth
below. The resulting porous structure entraining a myriad of small
interconnected masses of detergent will meter out small quantities
of surfactant in the presence of the ambient coolant spray.
In order to better grip the handle 11a of the dental mirror while
still affording clearance for easy mounting and removal, the sleeve
can be formed in an elliptical configuration to afford spring
resilience. Referring to FIGS. 5, 6a and 6b, the flattened
elliptical configuration, identified by the numeral 18, is formed
only at the upper end of the sleeve so that it may be more easily
slid over the handle. It is positioned and arranged to grip the fat
portion of the handle which is normally spaced at least an inch
from the mirror head. In addition to its oval configuration, the
section 18 can include longitudinal serrations 18a in the form of
embossed ribs, preferably on both the inner and outer surfaces,
thus imparting additional resilience to the gripping portion 18 and
also providing resistance against turning along its longitudinal
axis while mounted on the mirror. The serrations 18a grip the
longitudinal fluting or edges on the handle of the mirror. The
resilient out-of-round gripping section 18 can be formed by
compressing the sleeve 16 between warm dies.
As mentioned above, the tubular attachment 16 can be formed by an
extrusion process or it can be formed by tubular winding. The
latter is particularly useful in fabricating the structure shown by
FIG. 7, in which there is an inner wall 19 formed of a durable
material, such as plastic (not entraining a surfactant) and an
outer layer 20 of porous material, such as paper, which is
saturated with a surfactant, such as a polyoxyethelene cetyl ether,
having a melting temperature of approximately 38.degree. C. The
porous layer is preferably bonded to the plastic inner layer by a
water-resistant adhesive and the surfactant is applied thereafter
at an elevated temperature converting it to a liquid. The resulting
tubes are cut to length and shape, including end-compressing to
form the gripping end 18. The plastic inner layer is preferably
formed of heat-softenable plastic which more readily achieves the
out-of-round, and serrated character under the action of the warmed
dies.
Referring to FIG. 8, there is illustrated a cross-sectional
configuration for the tubular attachment which is particularly
useful in the event an extrusion process is used. In this case, the
walls are formed in an undulating configuration defining valleys
and troughs so the attachment can expand radially under the
inherent resilience of the plastic to fit over the handle of the
mirror and to grip it against movement on the handle when in use.
The valleys and troughs on the outside of the attachment also
define water courses for the drainage of accumulated spray water
down to the mirror surface. In draining toward the mirror surface,
the water picks up surfactant entrained in or carried by the
extruded plastic.
It will be understood that other surfactants can be carried in the
porous layer 20, such as a liquefied sulfonate detergent or a
wetting agent.
In order to form a plastic entraining surfactant for either molding
into the configuration of the clip-on attachment identified by the
numeral 10 or of an extruded tubular member of the type identified
by the numeral 16, the following compositions can be used:
EXAMPLE 1
Solid particles of powdered anionic detergent are blended with
powdered polyethelene or polystyrene in a 60 percent plastic: 40
percent detergent ratio (by volume). The mixture is then heat
molded to the desired shape, such as the butterfly wing design of
FIG. 2 or extruded as shown in FIG. 8. The surface particles of
powdered detergent are dissolved in the presence of water spray,
and the resulting detergent solution acts as the defogging or
de-misting agent.
EXAMPLE 2
A liquid concentrate of anionic detergent is blended with methyl
methacrylate liquid monomer in a ratio of 60 percent monomer: 40
percent detergent (by volume). Anionic detergent can take the form
of sulfonate detergents prepared from sulfuric acid and petroleum
products, such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate having a general
formula of RSO.sub.3 Na, where R refers to a lipophilic or organic
group containing about 18 carbon atoms. This solution is blended
with methylmethacrylate polymer in powdered form in a 50:50 ratio
(by volume), and cold cured in a mold to the desired shape or
extruded. The detergent is entrapped within the crystalline lattice
of the cured plastic, and released in the presence of a water
spray.
Referring to FIGS. 9-14, there are illustrated modifications of the
invention wherein the dental mirror itself is formed with permanent
exposed surfaces to which a surfactant can be applied when the
mirror is to be used. In the embodiment of FIGS. 9-11, the head 21
of the mirror includes a pair of raised arcuate shoulders 22a and
22b on the sides of the mirror projecting slightly above the plane
of the mirror surface 23. The raised arcuate surfaces 22a and 22b
are downwardly inclined toward the mirror surface and are formed
with an embossed pattern of indentations. Prior to use of the
mirror, a surfactant is applied to the surfaces 22a and 22b using,
for example, the dispenser stick 24 of FIG. 14, which is a stick
formed of polyoxyethelene cetyl ether having a melting point above
ambient room temperature, say, in the vicinity of 38.degree. C.
This material constitutes a detergent surfactant and has a firm
waxy characteristic.
Referring to FIGS. 12 and 13, there is illustrated a modification
of the invention in which an exposed surface 25 is formed as part
of the handle of the mirror in the form of a flattened inclined
plane terminating at the mirror surface and having its surface
embossed to define indentations for holding applications of the
surfactant material which can be applied, for example, by the stick
24 of FIG. 14. Spray water impinging on the surface 25 will pick up
small amounts of the water-soluble surfactant and carry it to the
mirror to dispel mist.
Features of the embodiments of FIGS. 4 and 12 are combined in the
embodiment of FIG. 15, in which a non-expendable carrier 26 formed
of metal is attached by means of mounting clamps 27 to the handle
of the mirror. The carrier clip 26 includes an exposed face 28
scored or embossed to hold a water-soluble surfactant. The lower
end of the clip 26 is contoured at 29 to rest against the periphery
of the head of the mirror with the embossed surface overlying and
contacting the mirror. The carrier 26 can be either detachably or
permanently attached to the mirror and is preferably formed of a
durable material to withstand repeated sterilization. In use, the
dentist rubs a surfactant in solid form, such as that shown in FIG.
14, onto the surface 28. Any residual surfactant which is not
dissipated during the course of the treatment will be removed by
sterilization process.
While the invention has been described having reference to
preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood that it can
take various other forms and arrangements within the scope of the
overall disclosure as herein set forth, and should not therefore be
regarded as limited except as defined by the following claims:
* * * * *