U.S. patent number 3,754,495 [Application Number 05/190,160] was granted by the patent office on 1973-08-28 for sounding note board for music instruction.
Invention is credited to Max Honegger.
United States Patent |
3,754,495 |
Honegger |
August 28, 1973 |
SOUNDING NOTE BOARD FOR MUSIC INSTRUCTION
Abstract
A sounding note board for music instruction is disclosed,
comprising conductor bars being arranged below the board surface.
The bars are connected with on/off switching means, each of them
being arranged to switch a separate sound generator which is
assigned to one particular bar. The output terminals of all sound
generators are connected with the input of a common amplifier which
feeds a speaker. The switching means are designed to form proximity
switches, controlled by the respective bars. The proximity switches
are operable by a person touching the board surface above the
particular bar. The board provided with an ordinary writing layer
may comprise an iron or magnetic layer which is arranged at such a
distance from the writing surface that attachable magnetic or iron
platelets adhere to the writing surface.
Inventors: |
Honegger; Max (8143
Sellenburen, CH) |
Family
ID: |
27176081 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/190,160 |
Filed: |
October 18, 1971 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Oct 27, 1970 [CH] |
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15852/70 |
Jun 17, 1971 [CH] |
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8838/71 |
Aug 11, 1971 [CH] |
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11791/71 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
84/471R;
84/DIG.7; 84/718; 984/345 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G10H
1/34 (20130101); G09B 15/04 (20130101); Y10S
84/07 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G09B
15/02 (20060101); G09B 15/04 (20060101); G10H
1/34 (20060101); G09b 015/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;84/1.01,1.04,DIG.7,470-485 ;200/52R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
Jack Jaques, "Make Electronic Bongos," Radio-Electronics, page 42,
July 1969..
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Primary Examiner: Wilkinson; Richard B.
Assistant Examiner: Weldon; U.
Claims
I claim:
1. Sounding note board means for music instruction, comprising a
plurality of tone generator means for generating predetermined
sound frequencies, a board, a plurality of conductor bars
positioned below a surface of the board, switching means
operatively connecting said conducting bars and said tone generator
means for selective actuation of the latter in accordance with
selection of particular ones of said bars by a player, said
conductor bars constituting portions of proximity switch means
operable by a player touching the board surface at desired
locations of a note pattern, whereby touching of said surface by a
body portion of a player in the operating vicinity of a conductor
bar causes its associated proximity switch means to be actuated
causing said switching means to actuate a predetermined portion of
said plurality of tone generator means, said board being provided
with a writing layer and an iron or magnetic layer arranged at such
a distance from the writing surface that attachable magnetic or
iron platelets adhere to the writing surface.
2. Note board means as set forth in claim 1, including an
alternating voltage generator, establishing an ambient field that
is coupled to the operating vicinity of said tone bars by a body
portion of a player.
3. Note board means as set forth in claim 1, in which the switching
means includes a section associated with each of said conductor
bars, each of said sections of said switching means including at
least one electronic switch connected by a bias circuit to the
associated conductor bar in such a manner that the electronic
switch is cut off in its idle state and opens when the board
surface in the operating vicinity of the associated conductor bar
is touched by a body portion of a player.
4. Note board means as set forth in claim 3 in which each of the
electronic switches includes means for adjusting the sensitivity
thereof.
5. Note board means as set forth in claim 1, also including an
individual plug operatively connected in circuit at a point between
each of said proximity switches and its associated tone generator
means.
6. Note board means as set forth in claim 1, in which there are
associated with each of said tone generator means half-tone
generators which oscillate at a half-step lower and higher,
respectively, than the associated tone generator means, and
additional switches for selectively switching on said half-tone
generators.
7. Note board means as set forth in claim 1, comprising noise
generator means operatively connected to the tone generators and
tone generator means which superimposes distortions on normally
sinusoidal outputs of said tone generators and tone generator
means.
8. Note board according to claim 1, characterized in that the iron
or magnetic layer as viewed from the writing surface is arranged
below the conducting bars.
9. Note board means as set forth in claim 1, in which the board
includes layers in the following sequence:
a. writing layer
b. insulating layer
c. layer bearing the conducting bars
d. second insulating layer
e. adhesive layer
f. iron or permanently magnetized layer
g. adhesive layer
h. supporting layer.
10. Note board means as set forth in claim 1, in which the board is
provided with staff lines formed by raised ridges on the surface of
the board.
11. Note board means as set forth in claim 1, in which the
attachable platelets are color-coded.
12. Note board means as set forth in claim 1, in which the
attachable platelets are formed as symbolic figures.
13. Note board means as set forth in claim 1, in which the
conductor bars are vertical in the board as viewed by a player, and
that there are markers associated with the conductor bars forming
protrusions in front of the board surface so as to be detectable by
touch by a player feeling over the board surface.
14. Note board means as set forth in claim 1, in which the board is
constructed entirely of flexible material.
Description
The present invention concerns a sounding note board for music
instruction, comprising conductor bars which are arranged below the
board surface and which are each assigned to a particular pitch or
tone and which are connected to switching means for the
switching-on of the sound generators assigned to the particular
pitches or tones.
There are known systems of sounding note boards for music
instruction comprising conductor bars arranged below and between
the staff lines and each connected to an electric sound generator
which, when a note is indicated by a pointer also connected to the
said generator, causes the particular tone to sound. In one of the
known note boards of this type, the conductor bars are arranged on
the board surface, and switch-on of an electric sound generator is
effected by galvanic contact between the conductor bar and the
pointer.
In another known version, the electric conductor bars are arranged
below an insulating writing layer, so that the board can be easily
written on. The conductor bars are each connected to a sound
generator by a switch, while the sound generators have on their
output side a common amplifier connected to a loudspeaker.
Connection of a sound generator is effected by touching the board
with a cane connected to the board by a cord. Conductor bar and
cane carry an alternating voltage, and touching the board
capacitively closes an a.c. circuit containing a relay. A drawback
of this system is that an electric shock is received when the tip
of the otherwise insulated pointer is touched, and the fact that
the cane is connected to the board by a cable is also considered a
nuisance.
Moreover, it is desirable for an audio-visual presentation of music
instruction that the sounded notes should also be visible. Besides
the traditional writing-up of the notes with chalk, it is also
desirable to represent individual notes, chords or melodies by
magnetic markers. There are known boards consisting of an iron
plate or coated with an iron-containing compound, so that permanent
magnet markers easily adhere to the board. However, this system
cannot be readily transferred to a sounding note board according to
the present invention. As the electrodes arranged below the board
surface may only be a very short distance from the surface in order
to ensure certain response of the proximity switches when the
electrodes are touched, it is not readily possible to make a board
with the necessary electrodes and an iron or magnetic surface
meeting the wear and quality requirements of school service. For
electrical reasons, the iron or magnetic layer cannot be arranged
between electrodes and board surface, as the electrodes would be
screened and would not respond. On the other hand, the embedding of
conventional electrodes would require such a great layer thickness
that the provision of an iron or magnetic layer under the
electrodes would not with certainty produce the desires result, as
the distance between iron layer and magnetic markers would be too
great to ensure proper adherence of the markers.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a sounding note
board requiring neither pointer nor cable.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a note board
whose material and layer sequence are such that it can also be used
as a magnetic board.
The said objects are achieved by the present invention in that the
switching means in conjunction with the conductor bars have the
form of proximity switches which are operable by a person touching
the board surface at the chosen point of the note pattern, for
which result a particular signal level at the conductor bar which
is fed to the input of the associated switching means is
underpassed or exceeded, respectively, under the influence of the
person's body capacity, so that, when the particular signal level
is exceeded, the sound generator assigned to the particular
switching means is switched on.
By suitable choice of material and layer thickness for the writing
surface the electrodes and the necessary insulating layers it is
possible to obtain the right distance for achieving the second
object.
To ensure dependable switching even in a weak ambient field, as in
a strongly screening building, a conductor connected to an
alternating voltage generator may be fitted into the board or
arranged near it for the purpose of exciting a local electric
field.
By suitable arrangement of the conductor bars and suitable
construction of the board surface it is possible to provide a board
which is especially suitable for instructing blind music
students.
As the board can be made to sound simply by touching,it, as with
the finger, it is also possible to play chords on it by
simultaneously touching it with several fingers. This is not
possible with a board using a single pointer.
Embodiments of the present invention are now to be described by way
of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in
which:
FIG. 1 shows the block circuit diagram of a tone with the
associated half-tones;
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the proximity switch 11, 12 according
to FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 shows a diagram of a ring conductor designed to set up an
electric alternating field;
FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of an embodiment suitable for blind
students' instruction; and
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view through the note board, on a
magnified scale, illustrating somewhat diagramatically a suitable
laminated layer sequence in accordance with the present
invention.
The note board comprises conductor bars which correspond to the
tones and which are arranged in a board body and are mutually
insulated and screened and are located below the board surface, in
particular below a writing layer presenting the staff lines. The
electrical equipment is arranged at the edge of the board, for
instance, along a narrow side and embedded in a recess of the board
body.
According to FIG. 1, the electrical assembly for each tone
comprises a conductor bar 11 which is connected as an electrode to
a switching means 12 and screened from neighbouring conductor bars
by a screening 13, and further comprises a sound generator 14 for
the key note and two sound generators 15, 16 for the lower and
higher half-tones, respectively, a plug socket 17 in the line from
the switching means 12 to the sound generators, a switch 18 for
cutting off the sound generators, a change-over switch 19 for
contacting the key note generator 14 or half-tone generator, and a
change-over switch 20 for contacting the sound generator 15 for the
lower half-tone or the sound generator 16 for the higher half-tone.
All sound generators are jointly connected to an amplifier 21 which
is connected to a speaker 22. The plug socket 17 is designed for
connection of other sound generators, such as sound generators of
another timbre, or for connection of an electric musical
instrument, such as an organ, with provision for playing from the
note board to the organ, or from the organ's keyboard to the note
board. However, the plug socket 17 can also be used to connect a
signal lamp for optical tone indication, possibly with different
colours for the individual tones.
The switching means 12, which together with the electrode 11 forms
a capacitive proximity switch, is shown in greater detail in FIG.
2. It comprises a resistor 23 connected in series with a capacitor
24; the resistor 23 is connected to the negative terminal, while
the capacitor 24 is connected across a resistor 25 to positive
terminal connected to an external voltage source. The electrode 11,
having the form of a conductor bar, is coupled across a capacitor
26 to that circuit. Also connected to this input voltage divider is
the base of a transistor 27, the collector of which is connected
across a potentiometer 28 and a resistor 29 to positive potential
and is connected across a resistor 30 to the base of a second
transistor 31. The collector of transistor 31 is connected to a
relay 32 for actuating toner or sound generator 99 by closing
switch 98 to energizing power supply 97. The emitters of the two
transistors are connected across a joint resistor 33 to negative
potential.
In the idle state, i.e., when the note board is not being touched,
the collector-emitter circuit of the first transistor 27 carries a
low current determined by the values of the resistors 28 and
29.
The base of the transistor 31 is connected to negative emitter
potential, so that the transistor is cut off. When the note board
is touched with the finger at a point of the conductor bar, this,
owing to the capacitive coupling, picks up a substantially stronger
ambient signal. This ambient signal is amplified by the transistor
27 and produces a greater voltage drop at the resistor 29. As a
result, the base potential of the transistor 31 changes by virtue
of the voltage drop across the resistor 30, so that the transistor
31 becomes conductive and energizes the relay 32, switching on the
associated sound generator 99. To ensure that the relay 32 is
properly energized and does not flutter, a capacitor 34 and a diode
35 are connected in parallel to smooth the amplified a.c.
voltage.
As soon as the finger is removed from the note board and the
ambient signal picked up by the conductor bar is therefore
weakened, the second transistor 31 remains cut off, the relay 32
de-energizes and switches off the sound generator. The response
voltage for the second transistor 31 can readily be adjusted by the
potentiometer 28.
It is expedient to provide the note board 95 with a ring conductor
which is connected to an a.c. voltage generator and which sets up a
constant ambient field which is always sufficient to make the
switching means respond when the note board is touched. FIG. 3
shows, by way of example, a ring conductor with two loops 36, 37
connected to an a.c. voltage generator 38. Such a ring conductor
may preferably be arranged along the lower edge of the board 95
behind the writing layer or at any other point within the influence
range of the board.
Instead of using the capacitive proximity switch described, it is
of course possible to use any other switch of the type whose
switching state changes when approached to the associated conductor
bar.
Also, to refine the sound pattern, it is possible to use a
so-called wind generator 40, which consists of a noise generator
for a particular noise spectrum and which superimposes an
adjustable percentage of desired distortion on the generally
sinusoidal signal of the sound generators. In this arrangement, the
wind generator may be either connected directly in parallel with
the outputs of the sound generators, or it may be arranged to act
on each sound generator separately, as illustrated in FIG. 1, by
distorting the supply voltage. With such a wind generator it is
possible to simulate the wind effect of flutes or other wind
instruments, for instance. This provides a sound pattern more
pleasing than that of the undistorted sinusoidal signal of the
sound generators.
To facilitate music instruction, it is convenient to be able
quickly to replace a note sequence on the board, such as a melody,
by another note sequence, such as another melody. For this purpose,
the board may be overlaid with a sheet of felt, for instance, which
can be removably affixed by press or adhesive fastenings, for
instance, and to which notes or symbols provided with a rough
surface can be attached.
Again, it is possible to affix foils, such as plastic sheet,
preferably transparent and provided with notes and symbols, to the
board. The note board described is operable through the affixed
felt and the notes attached thereto as well as through such a
foil.
Yet again, the board can be so designed as to be suitable for
instructing blind music students. In this case, markers perceivable
by the touch are placed on the board surface, so that the note
board can be made to sound simply by touching the board surface at
the points marked. Where such a board is to be used for the
instruction of blind students exclusively, the staff lines and the
writing layer can be dispensed with.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, the board 1, which in essentials
corresponds to the board described above, presents touch lines 2,
which may rise beyond the board surface 3. The degree of rise shown
in the drawing is greatly exaggerated. Let into the board below the
touch lines 2 or below the spaces are the conductor bars, which are
connected to switching means for switching on sound generators.
Each touch line 2 is assigned to a particular pitch.
Viewed in the board user's direction of sight A, the touch lines 2
in this embodiment are vertical, and not horizontal as in an
embodiment presenting the ordinary staff lines. The vertical
position presents important didactic advantages in the instruction
of blind people. As blind people cannot read the written notation
anyway, an instruction system used for such people exclusively need
not conform to the ordinary system.
The degree of rise of the touch lines 2 beyond the board surface 53
should be such that it is sufficient for easy touch detection while
not hindering easy sliding over the touch lines.
Instead of having the touch lines 2, it is of course possible to
use any other raised marks to mark the points at which the
particular conductor bars are located below the board surface.
In a preferred version, the board is made in such a manner that it
can be overlaid with thin sheets which can be provided with
instruction programs in Braille, for instance. However, the
thickness of such a sheet must not exceed a certain limit if the
capacitive proximity switches connected to the conductor bars
located below the board surface are still to respond with certainty
when the sheet surface is touched. In such a case, markers directly
placed on to the board surface may be unnecessary, so that a board
with a perfectly clear surface may be used. The sheets or matrices
can be affixed to the board in a simple manner, as by press
fasteners 4. Instead, any other type of fastener, such as interlock
fasteners, may be used. Such fasteners keep the sheet in the
correct position with respect to the conductor bars and also keep
it from being accidentally shifted.
A preferred version of a note board suitable for the placing of
magnetic markers consists, viewed in corss-section, of a supporting
layer containing impregnated kraft paper (phenolic paper), for
instance. Over this is an adhesive surface bearing a layer of sheet
iron or a permanently magnetized layer. Over this again is another
adhesive layer forming the transition to an insulating layer of
impregnated kraft paper. This insulating layer may have a thickness
of 50 microns, for instance. Over this is a layer which contains
the electrodes and which consists of a copper-coated plastic sheet
or an insulating foil coated with conductive varnish, for instance.
This sheet or foil may have a total thickness of about 20 to 75
microns, for instance. Over this is another layer of impregnated
kraft paper 50 microns thick, for instance, and, if necessary, a
writing layer, which is preferably provided with raised staff lines
and has a thickness of about 50 microns.
In the manufacture of the board, the aforesaid layers are pressed
together in a single operation, resulting in a very strong and
hard-wearing board. The distance between the writing surface and
the iron or magnetic layer is so small that magnetic or iron
markers placed on the surface adhere very well.
In a preferred version, the staff lines are slightly raised above
the writing surface, so that they can also be easily identified by
touch.
The magnetic or iron markers preferably have the shape of note
heads and are also colour-coded for easier identification either of
different tone lengths or of different pitches. Instead, it is
possible to give the markers other shapes, such as folklore
figures, which are especially suitable for children for pedagogic
reasons.
Of course, the board may be made entirely of flexible material, so
that it can be easily rolled up and carried. As the conductor bars
are fixed to a flexible sheet and as the connections may be fixed
to the same sheet, for instance, it is convenient to provide the
board surface or underside with a plug socket for connection to the
other switching means. At least part of these switching means can
be accommodated in a case into which the board can be rolled
up.
* * * * *