U.S. patent number 3,753,352 [Application Number 05/145,848] was granted by the patent office on 1973-08-21 for perforate conduit.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Phillips Petroleum Company. Invention is credited to Paul F. McNally.
United States Patent |
3,753,352 |
McNally |
August 21, 1973 |
PERFORATE CONDUIT
Abstract
A perforate conduit comprising an elongated tubing provided with
at least one series of longitudinally extending, spaced apart
ridges formed in the wall of and extending outwardly from the
surface of said tubing. At least one opening is provided in each of
said ridges so as to provide communication between the exterior and
interior of said tubing.
Inventors: |
McNally; Paul F. (Overijse,
BE) |
Assignee: |
Phillips Petroleum Company
(Bartlesville, OK)
|
Family
ID: |
22514821 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/145,848 |
Filed: |
May 21, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
405/43; 239/450;
264/138; 264/210.2; 138/178; 239/568; 264/154 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B26F
1/0053 (20130101); B29C 59/021 (20130101); E02B
11/005 (20130101); F16L 9/127 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B29C
59/02 (20060101); B26F 1/00 (20060101); F16L
9/00 (20060101); E02B 11/00 (20060101); F16L
9/127 (20060101); E02b 011/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;138/178 ;61/10,11
;425/326 ;239/450,567,568 ;181/63 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Klinksiek; Henry T.
Claims
I claim:
1. A perforate drainage and distribution conduit, comprising:
an elongated tubing of a resilient but rigid plastic material;
at least one series of longitudinally extending, longitudinally
spaced apart ridges formed in not more than one-half of the wall of
and exending from a surface of said tubing; and
at least one opening provided in each of said ridges so as to
provide communication between the exterior and the interior of said
tubing.
2. A conduit according to claim 1 wherein said ridges extend
outwardly from the outer surface of said tubing.
3. A conduit in accordance with claim 2 wherein said spaced apart
ridges are aligned longitudinally of said tubing.
4. A conduit according to claim 3 wherein a plurality of series of
said ridges are provided in said tubing, and said series of ridges
are spaced apart from each other peripherally of said tubing.
5. A conduit according to claim 4 wherein:
said tubing is generally cylindrical; and three series of said
ridges are provided.
6. A conduit according to claim 5 wherein the ridges in said three
series of ridges are arranged in spaced apart groups with each
group comprising a central ridge and two side ridges disposed
substantially parallel to said central ridge.
7. A conduit according to claim 6 wherein said side ridges are each
spaced apart from said central ridge a distance within the range of
from about 10.degree. to about 80.degree. .
8. A conduit according to claim 7 wherein each said opening in each
said ridge comprises an elongated slot extending substantially the
length of the ridge.
9. A conduit according to claim 1 wherein said ridges extend
inwardly of said tubing from the inner surface thereof.
10. A conduit according to claim 9 wherein said spaced apart ridges
are aligned longitudinally of said tubing.
11. A conduit according to claim 10 wherein a plurality of series
of said ridges are provided in said tubing, and said series of
ridges are spaced apart from each other peripherally of said
tubing.
12. A conduit according to claim 11 wherein the ridges in said
series of ridges are arranged in longitudinally spaced apart groups
with each group comprising ridges which are substantially parallel
with each other and are spaced apart peripherally of each
other.
13. A conduit according to claim 12 wherein said tubing is
generally cylindrical and said substantially parallel ridges are
spaced apart a distance within the range of from about 10.degree.
to about 50.degree. .
14. A conduit according to claim 13 wherein each said opening in
each said ridge comprises an elongated slot extending substantially
the length of the ridge.
Description
This invention relates to a perforate conduit.
Land drainage conduits have commonly comprised a plurality of
joints of pipe, commonly tile pipe. These joints of pipe, in
various lengths of up to about 4 feet, are commonly laid end-to-end
in excavations with spaces left between the ends of the joints to
provide entry into the pipe. Said joints were then wrapped with
screen, water-resistant paper, etc., so as to prevent soil or other
debris from entering the pipe. Installations of this type have been
widely employed in foundation drainage systems, distribution
laterals on septic tanks, etc. Such installations require
relatively large numbers of the relatively short lengths of pipe.
The costs of such installations, and particularly labor costs, have
been great.
It would be desirable to reduce these costs. One way of
accomplishing cost reduction would be to employ longer lengths of
conduit. It is difficult to manufacture and handle tile pipes in
lengths greater than about 4 feet. In recent years, plastic pipes
or conduits formed of polyethylene, polypropylene, copolymers of
ethylene and propylene, copolymers of ethylene and butene, and
other plastics have come into widespread use in many applications
where metal pipe or conduit was formerly employed. Pipes or
conduits formed of such plastics can be fabricated in longer
lengths than metal or tile pipe. Longer lengths of the pipe or
conduit will eliminate a large majority of the joints necessary in
any given drainage system. The elimination of the joints would
require the provision of suitable openings into the pipe or conduit
so as to provide communication between the exterior of the pipe and
the interior of the pipe so that water can enter the pipe.
Provision of suitable openings has presented problems.
The present invention provides a solution for the above problems by
providing a perforate conduit which is particularly well adapted to
be employed as a land drainage conduit, or as a distribution
conduit such as in underground irrigation systems, laterals in
septic tank distribution fields, etc. The perforate conduit of the
invention is preferably fabricated from one of any suitable
thermoplastic extrudable materials such as polyethylene,
polypropylene, copolymers of ethylene and propylene, copolymers of
ethylene and butene, and other suitable plastics. The perforate
conduits of the invention can be fabricated in any suitable
lengths. Preferably, the conduits are fabricated in lengths of up
to 40 feet when made of rigid plastic. However, said conduits can
be fabricated in greater lengths when made of flexible plastic.
Thus, it is within the scope of the invention to fabricate the
conduit in a continuous extended length, wind same on a reel, and
field cut to desired length during installation. Any of said
lengths can be readily joined by methods known in the art.
Thus, according to the invention, there is provided a perforate
conduit, comprising: an elongated tubing; at least one series of
longitudinally extending, longitudinally spaced apart ridges formed
in the wall of and extending outwardly from the surface of said
tubing; and at least one opening provided in each of said ridges so
as to provide communication between the exterior and the interior
of said tubing.
Further according to the invention there is provided a method of
forming a perforate tubular conduit, which method comprises, the
steps of: forming an elongated tubing by extruding a plastic
material from an extrusion means; forming at least one series of
longitudinally extending, longitudinally spaced apart ridges in the
wall of and protruding from a surface of said tubing, while said
tubing is still in a plastic state; and forming at least one
opening in each of said ridges so as to provide communication
between the exterior and the interior of said tubing.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a joint of perforate conduit in
accordance with the invention. FIG. 2 is a partial cross section
view of a perforate conduit in accordance with the invention,
illustrating one method for forming the openings in the conduit.
FIG. 3 is a cross section of the perforate conduit of FIG. 1, taken
along the lines 3--3. FIG. 4 is another partial cross section view
illustrating another method of forming the openings in the
perforate conduits of the invention. FIG. 5 is a cross section view
of another perforate conduit in accordance with the invention. FIG.
6, together with FIG. 7, is a diagrammatic representation of
apparatus which can be employed in fabricating the perforate
conduits of the invention.
Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals have
been employed to denote like elements, the invention will be more
fully explained. In FIG. 1, there is illustrated a perforate
conduit in accordance with the invention which comprises an
elongated tubing 10 which is provided with at least one series of
longitudinally extending, longitudinally spaced apart "hollow"
ridges 12 and 14 formed in the wall thereof, and extending
outwardly from the outer surface of said tubing. At least one
opening 16 is provided in each of said ridges so as to provide
communication between the exterior and the interior of said tubing.
Preferably, said spaced apart ridges are aligned longitudinally of
the tubing as illustrated. However, it is within the scope of the
invention for said ridges to be nonaligned. If desired, and
preferably in most instances, the tubing can be provided with a
plurality of series of ridges, e.g., a first series such as 18 and
20, and one or more other series such as 22 and 24, and 12 and 14.
Said series of ridges are spaced apart from each other peripherally
of the tubing, as illustrated. In the embodiment of the invention
illustrated in FIG. 1, said ridges extend outwardly from the outer
surface of the tubing. This embodiment is frequently preferred when
the conduit of the invention is employed in an irrigation system.
Preferably, said tubing will be generally cylindrical or circular.
It is within the scope of the invention, however, for said tubing
to be oval, rectangular, or any other shape in cross section.
When a plurality of series of ridges is provided, one preferred
arrangement is that said ridges be arranged in spaced apart groups
with each group comprising a central ridge, such as ridge 12, and
two side ridges such as 18 and 22 disposed substantially parallel
to said central ridge. When the perforate conduits of the invention
are employed 24 a drainage conduit, the conduit is installed so
that said ridges with the openings therein are provided in the
upper portion, e.g., upper one-half, of the conduit. The bottom of
the conduit then provides an unobstructed surface for conveying the
liquid being drained. In such instances, each series of ridges can
be spaced apart peripherally from its associated series of ridges
any suitable distance so long as the ridges are formed in the upper
portion of the conduit. For example, when employing two series of
ridges, they can be up to 180.degree. apart, measured from opening
to opening. In a conduit provided with three series of ridges as
illustrated in FIG. 1, a convenient and sometimes preferred
distance for the side ridges to be spaced from the central ridge is
within the range of about 10.degree. to 80.degree., preferably
about 60.degree.. When employed in distribution systems, such as an
irrigation system, the conduit is installed so that said ridges
with the openings therein are provided in the lower one-half of the
conduit.
FIG. 2 illustrates the appearance of a ridge, e.g., ridge 12, as it
is first formed. In one presently preferred embodiment of the
invention, the portion 26, shown by dotted lines, is removed as by
sawing so as to provide opening 16. FIG. 3 illustrates the
cross-sectional appearance of a perforate conduit of the invention
formed in this manner and containing three series of ridges
thereon. The openings 16 in said ridges can be any suitable shape.
In one presently preferred embodiment of the invention, they are
elongated and extend substantially the full length of the ridge.
Said openings 16 can be holes or spaced apart slots formed in the
top of the ridge, similarly as illustrated by openings 16' in the
inwardly extending ridges of FIG. 5, or can be holes or spaced
apart slots formed in the side of the ridge as illustrated in FIG.
4. It will be understood that said slots when placed in the side of
the ridge do not extend the entire length of the ridge.
FIG. 5 illustrates another embodiment of the invention wherein the
ridges, e.g., 12', exend inwardly of the tubing 10' from the inner
surface thereof. The above description of the spacing, grouping,
number of series of ridges, etc., given in connection with FIG. 1
also apply to FIG. 5. The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5 is
frequently preferred as a drainage conduit.
FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate schematically the formation of a conduit
of the invention from an extrudable plastic material. Said conduits
are formed by first extruding a suitable plastic material from an
extruder 28 in known manner. The conduit is still in plastic
condition as it leaves the extruder. After leaving the extruder,
the conduit enters the molding station which comprises two endless
belts 30 driven in known manner by means not shown. When forming
the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3, said belts 30 each
have a series of half-molds 32 and 34 mounted thereon. Each
alternate half-mold 32 contains grooves 36 formed in the face
thereof. The number and arrangement of said grooves 36 will depend
upon the number and arrangement of ridges desired in the finished
conduit. In said molding station, the conduit wall while in a
plastic state is forced into said grooves 36 by means of internal
pressure maintained within the conduit in known manner, or by
vacuum applied to the back of the half-molds in known manner.
After leaving the molding station, the conduit passes through a
cooling station not shown. The conduit then proceeds to a cutting
station where rotating saws 38 saw off the top of the ridges, as
illustrated in FIG. 7. If desired, openings 16 or 16' can comprise
a series of holes drilled from the apex of the ridge similarly as
illustrated by openings 16' in the inwardly extending ridges of
FIG. 5. Or, if desired, said saws can be employed to form slots in
the sides of the ridges similarly as illustrated and described
above in conection with FIG. 4.
When forming the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, the grooves 36
in the alternate half-molds 32 will be replaced with protrusions.
In the molding station said protrusions are pressed into the still
plastic conduit to form the internal ridge(s) such as 12'. Opening
16' can then be made with a saw or drill.
The perforate conduit of the invention possesses a number of
advantages over distribution or drainage conduits of the prior art.
The conduits of the invention can be readily formed from
inexpensive materials such as the various plastics commercially
available. Such conduits are thus more economical, and have good
radial resistance, but still have sufficient resiliency to be
highly resistant to crushing. Such conduits are easily installed.
In installing in the earth, it is preferred to cover, or surround,
at least the portion of the conduit containing the openings 16 or
16' with a porous fill such as a properly sized pea gravel. Said
conduits are essentially inert to environmental conditions.
While certain embodiments of the invention have been described for
illustrative purposes, the invention is not limited thereto.
Various other modifications or embodiments of the invention will be
apparent to those skilled in the art in view of this disclosure.
Such modifications or embodiments are within the spirit and scope
of the disclosure.
* * * * *