U.S. patent number 3,753,024 [Application Number 05/236,399] was granted by the patent office on 1973-08-14 for glow lamp with nickel-plated electrodes.
This patent grant is currently assigned to General Electric Company. Invention is credited to Egon Vicai.
United States Patent |
3,753,024 |
Vicai |
August 14, 1973 |
GLOW LAMP WITH NICKEL-PLATED ELECTRODES
Abstract
A glow discharge device is provided with nickel-plated steel
electrodes. The nickel plating thickness and steel composition vary
within certain limits.
Inventors: |
Vicai; Egon (Richmond Heights,
OH) |
Assignee: |
General Electric Company
(Schenectady, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
22889328 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/236,399 |
Filed: |
March 20, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
313/633; 313/354;
313/631 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01J
17/066 (20130101); H01J 2893/0066 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01J
17/04 (20060101); H01J 17/06 (20060101); H01j
061/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;313/210,217,218,354 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lake; Roy
Assistant Examiner: Hostetter; Darwin R.
Claims
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the
United States is:
1. A glow discharge device comprising a sealed envelope, a fill
gas, and a plurality of electrodes wherein the improvement
comprises that the electrodes are nickel-plated steel, said steel
having an iron content of at least 99.9 percent by weight, and said
nickel thickness varying between 0.00005 inch and 0.0026 inch.
2. A glow discharge device as claimed in claim 1 wherein said
nickel thickness varies between 0.00007 and 0.00009 inch.
3. A glow discharge device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the carbon
content of the steel is in the range of 0.000 percent to 0.015
percent by weight.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to glow discharge devices. More
particularly, it relates to electrodes used in the glow discharge
device.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The use of solid nickel electrodes is well known in the glow lamp
art. One of the disadvantages of using solid nickel as an electrode
material is that nickel of any appreciable thickness absorbs
various gases. These gases must be removed before the nickel
electrode is sealed in the glow lamp device envelope.
Degasification of the impurities takes place through the heating of
the electrodes and simultaneous evacuation of the glow lamp
envelope. Furthermore, the amount of power required to heat the
solid nickel electrode during the degasifying is relatively high
when compared to a metal such as steel.
In an attempt to alleviate this situation, nickel-plated steel was
used as an electrode material. This use is more fully described in
Walker U.S. Pat. No. 1,803,985. Although nickel-plated steel
electrodes are an improvement over solid nickel electrodes, a
certain amount of impurities continued to be present in the
electrode. These impurities were a product of the type of steel and
the absence of thickness control of the nickel plating.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is, therefore, an object of the invention to provide a
nickel-plated steel electrode with a minimum of impurities. A
further object of the invention is to provide an electrode which
requires less degasification processing.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a low carbon steel
is plated with nickel. The thickness of the nickel is controlled
within the range of 0.00005 and 0.0026 of an inch. The minimum
thickness gives an operable electrode without burning off the
nickel coating, and the maximum thickness of the nickel has a
negligible absorption of impurities.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a front elevation of a glow lamp embodying the invention;
and
FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view partially in section of an
electrode of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIG. 1 of the drawing, a glow lamp 10 is comprised of
an envelope 11, electrodes 12 and 13 and lead-in conductors 14 and
15 which are hermetically sealed in the envelope and pinch seal 16.
After glow lamp 10 is exhausted, it is filled with a gas such as
neon, argon, xenon or mixtures thereof and tipped off as shown at
17. The lamp may also contain a phosphor coating 18 for
transforming ultraviolet energy into visible light energy. However,
the electrodes of the invention may be used in many types of glow
lamps without a phosphor.
As shown in FIG. 2, electrode 12 is made up of a steel core 19 and
a thin film of nickel 20. The most preferred core material is steel
of a high degree of purity such as a low carbon steel having 99.9
percent by weight of iron and 0.015 percent or less by weight of
carbon. In lamp processing, it is necessary to degas the electrodes
and evacuate the gases from the lamp envelope. This is accomplished
by resistance heating the electrodes. One advantage of using steel
as the core material as compared to a pure nickel electrode is that
it takes approximately one-half the power to heat the electrode.
Another advantage of using the preferred steel is that the
impurities such as sulfur and carbon are minimized thereby
minimizing the possibility of lamp contamination.
Nickel surface 20 is a high purity thin film of nickel deposited by
electroplating nickel on the steel core 19. Unlike a solid nickel
electrode which contains many impurities, the plated nickel is of a
high degree of purity and smoothness because of the nature of
electroplating. Only nickel ions are transferred to the core
material thereby leaving behind other impurities and
irregularities.
It has been determined that the thickness of nickel surface 20 is
critical to the manufacture of an improved nickel-plated electrode.
The thickness of coating 20 must be within a range of 0.00005 as a
minimum, and 0.0026 inch as a maximum. If the thickness of the
plated nickel were less than 0.00005 inch, the nickel would be
consumed and deposited upon the bulb wall in a relatively short
period of time. This would render the lamp unsatisfactory for
operation.
On the other hand, if the plating thickness exceeds the maximum of
0.0026 inch, not only does the electroplating process of the
electrode become expensive, the nickel thickness begins to behave
as those it were a solid nickel electrode and begins to absorb
various gaseous impurities. Consequently, it would be necessary to
degas and process the electrode as though it were solid nickel. A
preferred range of thickness between the minimum-maximum range is
0.00007 to 0.00009. This range gives the best results; however,
other thicknesses within the minimum-maximum range do give an
improved electrode.
* * * * *