U.S. patent number 3,752,478 [Application Number 05/128,232] was granted by the patent office on 1973-08-14 for racket frame.
Invention is credited to Peter R. Flak.
United States Patent |
3,752,478 |
Flak |
August 14, 1973 |
RACKET FRAME
Abstract
A tennis or the like game racket having a frame of extruded
aluminum provided with a tri-hollow cross-section enabling the
frame to be reduced in weight without detracting from the strength
of the frame.
Inventors: |
Flak; Peter R. (West
Springfield, MA) |
Family
ID: |
22434296 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/128,232 |
Filed: |
March 26, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
473/545 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B
60/00 (20151001); A63B 49/12 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A63B
49/02 (20060101); A63B 49/12 (20060101); A63b
049/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;273/73R,73C,73D,73H |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Pinkham; Richard C.
Assistant Examiner: Apley; Richard J.
Claims
I claim:
1. A game racket frame including a string receiving bow section and
an integral handle receiving section, said frame comprising
a hollow elongated seamless extruded unit, said unit having a cross
section comprising
tubular edge sections,
spaced inner and outer webs connected between and integral with
said tubular edge sections, and
a pair of spaced longitudinal ribs, each of said ribs being
connected between said inner and outer webs, said longitudinal ribs
being disposed on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis of said
extruded unit so as to form a central hollow box and two hollow
edge sections within said extruded unit;
the inner surface ofeach of said ribs having a geometrical
configuration such that said inner surfaces converge toward each
other so as to provide guiding and centering surfaces adapted to
guide a drill for drilling string openings through said webs
between said ribs.
2. The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein said outer web is
recessed in the unit to provide a straight walled string protecting
channel.
3. A game racket frame including a string receiving bow section and
an integral handle receiving section, said frame comprising
a hollow elongated seamless extruded unit, said unit having a cross
section comprising
tubular edge sections,
spaced inner and outer webs connected between and integral with
said tubular edge sections, and
a pair of spaced longitudinal ribs, each of said ribs being
connected between said inner and outer webs, said longitudinal ribs
being disposed on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis of said
extruded unit so as to form a central hollow box and two hollow
edge sections within said extruded unit;
the portions of the unit forming an outer wall of the tubular edge
sections being thicker than the webs and the longitudinal ribs.
Description
Heretofore tennis racket frames have been formed from extruded
aluminum units with tubular edge portions connected by a solid web
in which string-receiving holes were formed. These frames had a
tendency to be heavy in weight and resulted in a racket too heavy
for play. Efforts to decrease the weight of the frame by reducing
the wall thickness of the extrusion resulted in reducing the
strength of the racket sufficiently to cause damage thereto during
use. Also, difficulty was encountered in guiding the drill during
the drilling of the stringing holes in the solid web and in bending
the solid web smoothly during the formation of the bow. Other
rackets have had solid metal frame sections and sheet metal frame
sections but these have been difficult to produce in the required
weight and strength relation.
The present invention overcomes these difficulties by providing an
extruded aluminum frame unit which has a novel cross-section
resulting in a frame which is lighter in weight while having the
required strength to prevent damage to the frame in use, and also
one which can be more readily bent and accurately drilled to
provide the stringing holes therein.
This is accomplished by providing an extruded unit having tubular
edge portions connected by spaced inner and outer webs, which webs
are connected by a pair of longitudinal ribs disposed on opposite
sides of the longitudinal axis of the unit, thus forming a central,
substantially rigid thin-walled box section connecting the tubular
edge portions. The extrusion is made as a flat strip and is
thereafter bent to provide a string-receiving bow section and an
integral handle-receiving section. Preferably, the outer web is
recessed in the unit to provide a string-protecting channel around
the bow and the string-receiving holes are drilled in the webs
while the unit is in flat condition.
The accuracy of the drilling operation is enhanced, according to
the present invention, by providing the opposite faces of the
longitudinal ribs with drill centering and guiding surfaces which
accurately control the drill as it forms the stringing holes.
A further advantage of the tri-hollow unit of the present invention
resides in the fact that the wall thickness of the curved edge
portions of the tubular edges can be made thicker than heretofore,
while the walls of the webs and ribs can be made thinner.
Another advantage of the spaced webs connected by the longitudinal
ribs has been found in that in bending the unit to form the bow, it
more smoothly follows the desired curve rather than producing flat
sections between the stringing holes as heretofore resulted.
Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent
from the specification and claims when considered in connection
with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a tennis racket having a frame of the
present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view through the extruded frame taken along
lines 2--2 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 taken through the bow section of
the racket showing a stringing hole formed therein.
FIG. 4 is a section of the prior art racket (Type A).
As shown in the drawings, the tennis racket of the present
invention comprises a frame formed by a unit 10 extruded as an
elongate strip and bent to have a bow section 11 shaped to receive
theus usual strings 12 and continuations 11a of the frame extending
down to receive a hand grip 13 to form the handle section for the
racket.
While the unit can be formed of strong, lightweight metals and/or
metal alloys or high strength plastics which are capable of being
extruded, in the preferred form of the invention the unit 10 is
formed as a flat strip of exturded aluminum or an alloy thereof
having a cross-section, such as shown in FIG. 2, which has tubular
edge sections 14, 15 integrally joined together by spaced inner and
outer web sections 16, 17. As is shown in FIG. 2, the two web
sections 16, 17 are joined by spaced longitudinal ribs 18, 19
integral therewith and disposed on opposite sides of the
longitudinal axis of the extruded unit. The racket thus formed
provides a tri-hollow frame unit having tubular edge sections 20,
21 connected by a substantially rigid hollow box section 22. If
desired, the outer web 17 can be recessed in the unit to provide a
straight-walled protecting channel C for the strings.
In accordance with the present invention the unit has a plurality
of string-receiving holes 23 drilled in the webs in the bow section
while the unit is in flat form. Thereafter the unit is bent to
provide the required shape of the bow, as shown in FIG. 1, with the
throat sections of the bow connected to a yoke 24 by rivets 25. The
extending ends of the unit are in parallel relation, as shown in
FIG. 1, and are connected to the suitable hand grip structure
13.
A feature of the invention resides in the fact that the unit, when
extruded with the cross-section as shown in FIG. 2, is
substantially lighter in weight than the extruded units heretofore
used having a solid web connecting the tubular edge portions.
Specifically, the unit was reduced in weight from 10.6 oz. minimum
for prior units to a weight of about 9.7 oz. for the present
construction.
This construction, while reducing the weight of the frame, permits
the walls forming the curved surfaces 26 of the sections of the
tubular edge portions to be reinforced and be thicker than the webs
and the longitudinal ribs, as is clear from FIG. 2. By way of
example, the thickness of the walls of the curve can be a minimum
of 0.048 inch while the thickness of the webs and ribs are a
minimum of 0.033 inch.
Further, the ribs 18, 19 connecting the two webs are shaped as
shown in FIG. 2 with the opposed surfaces 30, 31 converging and
forming centering and guiding surfaces for the drill (not shown)
which provides the string-receiving holes in the bow. It will be
seen from FIG. 3 that these surfaces will contact and guide the
sides of the drill as it drills the holes 23, thus controlling the
drill and preventing shifting of the drill and more accurate
guiding and drilling of the holes. If desired, the edges of the
holes are chamfered at 33 to prevent damage to the string.
It has also been found that with this construction, after the
drilling operation and when the frame is bent into the bow shape,
the two thin webs 16, 17 connected by the ribs 18, 19 having the
angular relationship as shown in the drawings, will bend smoothly
so that there is a constant curvature between the holes rather than
the flat relationship between the holes which is present in the
case of a frame having a solid web connecting the tubular
portions.
It has been found that the tri-hollow frame of the present racket
is not only lighter in weight than heretofore used, but that it is
strengthened and will stand up under the stress of play as tested
on a whacking machine (not shown) in which the rackets are mounted
on two opposing arms rotated about a common axis by a motor at a
rotational speed of 240 rpm with the distance of impact from the
point of axis of rotation at 44 inches. The velocity at impact is
92 feet per second and the rackets are subjected to approximately
1,350 impacts per hour for a period of approximately 21/2 hours.
The maximum permissible set is six thirty-seconds inch under this
test. It had been found that rackets of the present invention when
subjected to this test showed no damage.
For example, a comparative test of five rackets of the prior art,
such as shown in FIG. 4, having tubular edges connected with a
solid web (Type A) and five rackets of the present invention (Type
B) all having a frame weight of 10.6 oz. were tested until a
permanent set of five thirty-seconds inch was recorded.
Type A Type B Permanent Permanent Test Set (Net) Set (Net) No. Test
Time RH LH RH LH (inches) (inches) (inches) (inches) 1. 30 min.
8/32 9/32 3/32 2/32 2/32 2. 30 min. 7/32 6/32 0 0 3. 30 min. 7/32
5/32 0 2/32 4. 45 min. 5/32 6/32 0 0 5. 21/2 hrs. 6/32 5/32 1/32
1/32
Since all of the type B rackets were well within the acceptable
maximum permanent set and passed the tests and all of the type A
rackets exceeded the acceptable permanent set, it was clear that
the racket of the present invention had a greater structural
strength than the prior rackets of the same weight.
To show that lighter weight rackets of the present invention would
have the required strength, four lesser weight rackets were tested
on the whacking machine and successfully passed the test. For
example:
Permanent Test Frame Weight Set (Net) No. in Oz. Time RH LH (hrs.)
(inches) (inches) 6. 9.8 21/2 4/32 1/32 7. 10 21/2 5/32 4/32 8.
10.1 21/2 3/32 4/32 9. 10.2 21/2 4/32 3/32
The results of these tests show that the frames of the present
invention could be reduced in weight by the desired amount and
still have the required strength to maintain the permanent set at a
low value to successfully pass the whacking test.
It will be seen, therefore, that the tri-hollow unit of the present
invention solves a long standing problem in the art of extruded
metal frame rackets in that it permits the weight of the frame to
be reduced so that playable frames of varying weights can be made
and at the same time have the required strength to withstand the
strains in use so as to provide an acceptable aluminum tennis
racket.
Variations and modifications may be made within the scope of the
claims and portions of the improvements may be used without
others.
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