U.S. patent number 3,751,736 [Application Number 05/195,645] was granted by the patent office on 1973-08-14 for automatically flushing sanitary appliance.
Invention is credited to Richard Egli.
United States Patent |
3,751,736 |
Egli |
August 14, 1973 |
AUTOMATICALLY FLUSHING SANITARY APPLIANCE
Abstract
Electrodes are located in the appliance which has normally a
water level, in a bowl. Water supply is controlled by an
electromagnetically operating valve. Upon sensing of change of
resistance between a pair of electrodes, for example upon bridging
of the electrodes by urine, a time delay period is initiated and a
relay pulls in, charging a capacitor. When the resistance between
the electrodes reverts back to its normal value, discharge of the
condenser is initiated through a multivibrator circuit which
triggers opening of the electromagnetic valve for a predetermined
period of time, to flush the bowl. In case the drain from the bowl
should be obstructed, the electrodes will not revert back to their
normal resistance, so that repeated flushing is inhibited.
Inventors: |
Egli; Richard (Kusnacht,
CH) |
Family
ID: |
4420031 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/195,645 |
Filed: |
November 4, 1971 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
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Nov 12, 1970 [CH] |
|
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16766/70 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
4/305;
4/DIG.3 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E03D
13/00 (20130101); E03D 5/105 (20130101); E03C
1/05 (20130101); Y10S 4/03 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E03D
5/10 (20060101); E03C 1/05 (20060101); E03D
13/00 (20060101); E03D 5/00 (20060101); E03d
005/10 (); E03d 013/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;4/100,101,DIG.3,249
;307/273 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Artis; Henry K.
Claims
I claim:
1. Automatically flushing sanitary appliance in which a bowl (11)
is flushed upon detection of contamination of the the water level
(15) thereof, comprising
an electromagnetic valve (30) controlling admission of water to the
appliance;
sensing means including at least one electrode (13,14, 16, 17)
located in the bowl (11), said electrode changing its resistance
upon contact with contaminating liquid;
sensing circuit means (21; 24, 25, 26, 27) deriving a first control
signal upon such change in resistance from a predetermined value in
a first direction, and a second control signal upon changes of
resistance in the opposite direction and towards said predetermined
value upon subsequent absence of the contaminating liquid;
and a valve control circuit (28) connected to and controlled by the
first and second control signals, said valve control circuit being
enabled upon having said first control signal applied thereto and
providing an output control pulse upon sensing said second control
signal, said output control pulse being connected to said
electromagnetic valve to provide flushing action to the bowl upon
occurrence of said second control pulse.
2. Appliance according to claim 1, wherein two electrodes are
provided, one (13) being located above the water level (15) of the
bowl (11) and another (14) below the water level.
3. Appliance according to claim 2, wherein the one of the
electrodes (13) located above the water level (15) is placed along
the surface of the inner wall of the bowl (11), the other electrode
being located within the siphon section (12) of the appliance.
4. Appliance according to claim 1, wherein two electrodes (16, 17)
are provided, located above the water level (15) of the bowl
(11).
5. Appliance according to claim 1, wherein two electrodes are
provided, and one of the electrodes (13, 16) is located above the
water level (15) in the bowl (11) and comprises a temperature
sensitive resistance.
6. Appliance according to claim 1, wherein the valve control
circuit (28) includes a monostable multivibrator (45,47) and a
charge condenser (41), the charge condenser being charged upon
application of the first control signal to enable the monostable
multivibrator, the monostable multivibrator being triggered into
unstable state upon sensing of the second control signal.
7. Appliance according to claim 6, wherein change of resistance in
the opposite direction comprises reversion of the electrodes to
essentially said predetermined resistance value to cause generation
of said second control signal, said monostable multivibrator being
triggered into unstable state upon essential reversion of
resistance to said predetermined value after having changed to a
resistance value different from said predetermined value.
8. Appliance according to claim 6, wherein the sensing circuit
means includes a controlled switch (27) providing charging
potential to the condenser (41) after sensing of change of
resistance for at least a predetermined period of time.
9. Appliance according to claim 6, wherein the sensing circuit
means comprises
a time delay circuit (26) to supply the first control signal only
upon change of resistance of said sensing means for a predetermined
period of time (t.sub.v).
10. Appliance according to claim 6, wherein the valve control
circuit comprises
a monostable multivibrator (28), said monostable multivibrator
having an R-C circuit (48,41) determining the unstable time of the
monostable multivibrator, the unstable time being matched to the
capacity of the bowl and the water passage of said electromagnetic
valve, to effect opening of the electromagnetic valve for a
predetermined flushing period, and hence flush the bowl during said
flushing period.
11. Appliance according to claim 1, including power supply means
(23) for said electromagnetic valve and for said sensing circuit
means;
and an interruptible connection between the power supply means and
the sensing circuit means, the interruptible connection being
controlled by said valve control circuit to disable the sensing
means at least during opening of said electromagnetic valve.
12. Appliance according to claim 1, wherein said sensing circuit
means comprises
a first timing circuit (26) and providing the first output signal
after a predetermined period of time after change of resistance of
said electrodes is first detected;
said sensing circuit means providing said second output signal upon
sensing said change of resistance of said electrodes in the
opposite direction, the second output signal controlling said valve
control circuit; and a second timing circuit (28) to provide said
output control pulse for a flushing time period to cause the
electromagnetic valve to provide flushing action.
13. Appliance according to claim 12, wherein the second change of
resistance comprises reversion of the resistance to essentially its
predetermined value to provide the second output signal after
termination of sensing of contaminating liquid contacting the
electrodes, to change their resistances.
14. Appliance according to claim 1, wherein the sanitary appliance
is a urinal.
Description
The present invention relates to an automatically flushing sanitary
appliance, and more particularly to a toilet, and specifically to a
urinal, in which the flushing action is automatically initiated
when use of the appliance has been sensed, by controlling the
opening of an electromagnetically controlled valve.
Electronic devices have been proposed to automatically flush bowls
and the like. Most of these operate optically, and utilize a light
beam, and a photosensitive element, such as a photo diode. The beam
generating lamp and the photo diode are located, usually, in small
additional boxes adjacent, or in front of the bowl. The flushing
action is initiated when the light beam from the light source to
the photosensitive device is interrupted, or interfered with. Such
a construction requires installation of at least two boxes on the
bowl, one for the light generator and one for the photosensitive
device such as a photo diode. This installation increases the
complexity of placement, and is time consuming and expensive. The
lifetime of the light source, typically a small bulb, is limited
and therefore maintenance of the automatic device is required. The
flushing action is triggered, even if someone only passes the bowl,
not requiring actual flushing of the bowl.
Other automatic flushing devices have been proposed, in which the
bowls are flushed automatically from time to time, regardless of
use. Such devices use water at an excessive rate. Additionally,
should the bowl be stopped up, repeated flushing will cause
overflow and flooding.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a sanitary
appliance having an automatic flushing system which is simple in
installation, requires no specific maintenance, and in which
flooding is automatically prevented.
SUBJECT MATTER OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
Briefly, a pair of electrodes are provided, and the resistance
between the electrodes is sensed. The electrodes are located in the
bowl. If the electrodes are contacted by contaminating liquid, so
that the resistance between the electrode changes, a sensing
circuit is activated providing a control signal which triggers a
valve control circuit, when a second signal is obtained from the
electrodes. The second signal, typically, is derived when the
resistance value of the electrodes reverts back to normal,
quiescent value, that is, upon cessation of flow of contaminating
liquid across the electrodes. Preferably, the change in resistance
between the electrodes must continue for a first predetermined
period of time (to avoid spurious responses) before the first
output signal is obtained from the sensing circuit. This first
output signal is used to activate, or set the multivibrator, for
example to initiate charging of a condenser. Upon termination of
the change in resistance, charging action is terminated and
discharge of the condenser is permitted, the discharge of the
condenser initiating flushing action. Preferably, discharge of the
condenser triggers a monostable multivibrator, the unstable period
of time of the multivibrator determinating the open period of the
electromagnetic valve.
If there should be an obstruction in the bowl, the resistances will
not revert back to their normal value so that flushing action is
inhibited, and overflow of the bowl is prevented.
The invention will be described by way of example with reference to
the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a urinal, with electrodes applied
thereto;
FIG. 2 is a block circuit diagram illustrating the circuit portion
of the flushing system;
FIG. 3 is a partly schematic block circuit diagram of the circuit
of the monostable multivibrator initiating flushing action; and
FIG. 4 is a schematic, perspective view of a urinal with modified
electrode locations.
A urinal 11 has a siphon 12, in which water is normally located in
a trap, having a water level 15. An electrode 13 is inserted in a
small recess formed, above water level, in the inner surface of the
bowl. A second electrode 14 is located below the normal level of
the siphon water 15, within the siphon 12.
Electrodes 13, 14 are part of an electrode sensing circuit 24. FIG.
2 illustrates the circuit, schematically in block form. A
resistance measuring portion 21 is connected to a control portion
22, both being supplied by a power supply 23. The resistance
measuring portion 21, in detail, includes a resistance measuring
sensing circuit 24, for example a bridge circuit or the like. The
output thereof is connected to an amplifier 25. The output from
amplifier 25 is connected to a relay response delay circuit, which
provides an output if, and only if the signal from sensing circuit
24 persists for a predetermined period of time t.sub.v. If this
output persists, it is then applied to relay 27 (which may be a
solid state circuit).
If more than two electrodes are connected to the sensing circuit
24, double-bridge circuits may be used, or different electrodes can
be connected in different arms of the bridge, as well known in the
art.
The electrodes themselves can be located, as seen in FIGS. 1 and 4,
within the bowl, as will be discussed below.
The circuit portion 22 includes a monostable multivibrator 28, the
output of which controls the coil of a control relay 29 which
actuates a magnetic valve 30 which, in turn, admist water to flush
the urinal.
Power supply 23 is connected to a power network 31. It includes a
transformer 32, and a rectifier circuit 33, preferably a bridge
rectifier.
The monostable multivibrator 28 is shown in detail in FIG. 3. If
relay 27 (FIG. 2) is activated, the change-over contact 271 (FIG.
3) changes position to that shown in FIG. 3. This causes operating
potential to be applied to the capacitor 41. Capacitor 41 is
charged over resistances 42, 43, diode 44, and the base-emitter
path of transistor 45.
When there is no liquid interconnecting electrodes 13, 14 so as to
change their resistance values, that is, as soon as the sensing
electrode circuit 24 no longer senses a change resistance value
between the electrodes, relay 27 will drop out, changing the
contact 271 to the position now shown in FIG. 3. This initiates
flushing action, by triggering the monostable multivibrator 28 into
its unstable state. Condenser 41 discharges over condenser 46,
which triggers transistor 47 to become conductive. Feedback
resistance 49 brings transistor 45 into blocking condition.
Discharge of condenser 41 will continue over the low resistance
collector-emitter path of transistor 47, as soon as transistor 47
becomes conductive, and over resistances 43 and 48. The coil of
relay 29 will be, likewise, subject to operating potential and
current will flow from the power source through the relay 29,
causing it to pull in, and flushing valve 30 to be activated.
Condenser 41 cannot, however, charge to an opposite polarity
because, as soon as condenser 41 has completely discharged, diode
44 would again become conductive, and switch-over the transistor
45. The discharge time of condenser 41 is governed by the R-C
circuit formed by condenser 41 and resistance 48, resistance 48
preferably being variable, so that it can be matched to water
requirements and various electromagnetic valves. Transistor 47 will
again block, after discharge, due to absence of current through
resistance 49, and stable operating conditions will again
obtain.
FIG. 4 illustrates a further embodiment of the urinal, and
particularly the siphon 12. Electrodes 16, 17, for example as
semi-circular rings, are located above the water level 15 at the
inner surface of the bowl 11.
OPERATION
Let it be assumed that a contaminating liquid, for example urine,
flows along the surface of the bowl 11 into the siphon 12. This
will cause a drop in the resistance between electrodes 13 and 14
and thus cause response of the sensing circuit 24. The liquid
flowing over electrode 13 bridges the electrical resistance,
normally present between electrodes 13 and 14, electrode 14 being
located within the siphon water 15. Change of resistance, as sensed
by sensing circuit 24 is amplified by amplifier 25. If this change
persists for a predetermined period of time (to prevent spurious
response) the delay circuit 26 will respond after a delay t.sub.v,
and energize relay 27. Upon energization, the switch-over contact
will switch over into the position shown in FIG. 3. The relay is
only energized when at least during the delay period t.sub.v, the
liquid bridges the electrodes 13, 14. Upon termination of flow of
liquid between the resistances, that is, as soon as the resistances
revert to normal resistance value, relay 27 will drop out, causing
change-over of its contact to the open position (FIG. 3),
triggering monostable multivibrator 28 in its unstable state.
During the unstable state of the multivibrator, determined by the
time constant of condenser 41 and the variable resistance 48,
control relay 29 is pulled in and operates the magnetic valve 30 to
flush the bowl 11. Additional time delays may be incorporated in
the circuit, for example between multivibrator 28 and the control
relay 29, or between control relay 29 and the electromagnetic
valve, to provide a brief time delay between termination of
contaminating liquid and flushing action.
Control relay 29 has a dual function; and the one hand, it connects
power from the power supply 23 to the magnetic valve 30, so that,
while the control relay 29 is energized, flushing water can be
admitted to bowl 11 (as well known in the art). Additionally, relay
29 interrupts current supply from power supply 23 to the sensing
electrode circuit 24. This may be desirable under certain
conditions, particularly when the flushing water has sufficient
mineral content to lower the resistance value between the
electrodes, so that the flushing water will not affect operation of
the sensing circuit, and erroneously cause further flushing action
to be initiated.
The interconnection between the sensing electrode circuit 24 and
the power supply 23, controlled by the control relay 29 is not
strictly necessary, since the multivibrator 28 is so constructed
that separate interruption of power supply to the sensing electrode
circuit, by the relay 29, is not necessary. After a predetermined
flushing time, the monostable multivibrator 28 will revert into its
stable state, and control relay 29 will open. This disconnects the
valve 30 and no more flushing water will flow into bowl 11. The
resistance measuring circuit 21 is again activated, the apparatus
being ready for sensing further flushing action.
The delay time t.sub.v of relay 27 is so set that the flushing
water, which is in bowl 11 after the magnetic valve has closed,
will flow out in a shorter time than the delay time t.sub.v. This
water, while it may be sensed by the sensing electrodes will not,
however, cause further flushing action since the time of flow is
insufficient to cause relay 27 to pull in.
Relay 27 can be a mechanical relay, a reed relay, or a solid-state
relay, and include the time delay circuit 26.
It may occur that the siphon 12 of the bowl is plugged, so that
water cannot flow out freely. Since the flushing action is only
initiated upon termination of sensing of change in resistance
value, and continued presence of water in the bowl will cause the
resistance to be lowered, no flushing action will be initiated
until the water has drained out. Relay 27 will remain energized
until water has drained out from the bowl. The monostable
multivibrator 28 thus cannot respond to cause further flushing
action by controlling relay 29 and magnetic valve 30. Thus, the
entire system is safe against continued water supply, upon presence
of a stopped condition, and thus overflow and flooding are
prevented.
The electrodes may be located at various places in the bowl. As
seen in FIG. 4, electrodes 16, 17 are located, one above the other,
and above the water level 15 of hte siphon water at the inner wall
of bowl 11. The liquid which flows simultaneously over electrodes
16, 17, changes their electrical resistance. If this liquid flow
continues for the time duration t.sub.v, relay 27 is pulled in. As
soon as no liquid simultaneously flows over electrodes 16 and 17,
relay 27 drops out, thus initiating flushing action.
The resistance measuring elements may be electrodes exposed to the
liquid, or they may be temperature sensitive devices, responsive to
change in temperature upon sensing presence of a liquid. In this
example, the electrodes are heated to a temperature of roughly
50.degree. C, and are located above the water level 15 of the
siphon water. When liquid flows over the electrode, its temperature
will change, and thus the electrical resistance thereof. The change
in resistance, as before, is utilized in the sensing electrode
circuit to initiate flushing action. Depending on the form of the
bowl 11, at least one such electrode must be used so that reliable
cooling by contaminating liquid is obtained.
In one example of an actual construction of the present invention,
the circuit portion 21, as well as the power supply 23, and the
switching unit 22 are all contained on a single printed circuit.
Without the magnetic valve -- which is part of the plumbing
assembly -- the circuit, including power supply, can be contained
in a space of about 6 .times. 9 .times. 2 cm, that is,
approximately the size of a pack of cigarettes, which can be
plugged in directly into a connector, located beneath the bowl 11.
The automatically flushing bowl 11 can thus be mounted directly on
the wall, without requiring any additional installation, or
location work.
Relay 27, and the mechanical contact 271 (FIGS. 2,3) need not be
mechanical, but may be replaced by solid-state circuitry, such as a
controlled semiconductor switch, with a turn-off circuit. The delay
time t.sub.v, determined by the circuit 26, in the illustrative
example forms part of the sensing circuit 21; it can be
incorporated in the relay circuitry, in the amplifier, to effect
setting, or priming of the circuit initiating flushing action only
after the electrodes have sensed contaminating liquid for a
predetermined period of time.
Various changes and modifications may be made within the inventive
concept.
* * * * *