U.S. patent number 3,750,580 [Application Number 05/089,306] was granted by the patent office on 1973-08-07 for wads for charging shot of shot gun.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha. Invention is credited to Takemitsu Andoo, Junichi Nomura.
United States Patent |
3,750,580 |
Nomura , et al. |
August 7, 1973 |
WADS FOR CHARGING SHOT OF SHOT GUN
Abstract
The present invention relates to improvements in shot-cups and
cup-wads used for shot gun cartridges, and, more particularly, it
relates to a combination of plastic wads for shot gun cartridges
comprising a shot-cup for retaining shot pellets provided with a
unitarily molded lower cylindrical skirt portion having a smaller
outer diameter than that of the upper cup portion and a cup-wad
having identical and symmetric top and bottom concaved portions the
top concave portion receiving the curved lower edge of the skirt
portion.
Inventors: |
Nomura; Junichi (Ohita,
JA), Andoo; Takemitsu (Ohita, JA) |
Assignee: |
Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki
Kaisha (Osaka, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
22216898 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/089,306 |
Filed: |
November 13, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
102/450 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F42B
7/08 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F42B
7/08 (20060101); F42B 7/00 (20060101); F42b
007/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;102/95,42C |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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|
|
|
|
|
|
1,465,217 |
|
Nov 1966 |
|
FR |
|
1,470,963 |
|
Jan 1967 |
|
FR |
|
Primary Examiner: Stahl; Robert F.
Claims
We claim:
1. The combination of plastic wads for a shot gun cartridge
comprising:
a. an annular cup-wad having identical and symmetrically arranged
upper and lower concave surfaces; and
b. a shot-cup having:
i. an upper cylindrical portion with the same outer diameter as
said cup-wad; and
ii. a lower annular skirt portion with a smaller outer diameter
than said upper portion and whose lower outer edge is curved to
cooperatively engage the upper concave surface of said cup-wad
whereby upon firing of the cartridge the skirt portion collapses
outwardly increasing the area of engagement between said lower
outer edge and said upper concave surface.
2. A cartridge for shotgun comprising plastic wads of claim 1.
3. The combination as in claim 1 wherein said shot-cup is of
unitarily molded plastic.
4. The combination as in claim 3 wherein the plastic is
polyethylene with low or medium pressure polymerization process
having a Melt Index in the range from 0.1 to 7.0.
5. The combination of claim 3 wherein said plastic is polyethylene
with high pressure polymerization process having a Melt Index in
the range from 0.5 to 10.0.
6. The combination as in claim 1 wherein said concave surfaces are
the arcs of circles.
7. The combination as in claim 1 wherein said skirt portion defines
a cylindrical interior cushion portion.
8. The combination as in claim 1 wherein said upper cylindrical
portion retains the shot pellets.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to plastic wads used in cartridges
for shotguns.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In shotgun cartridges using wads known heretofore, since
conventional wads comprising separate unitary bodies of a shot-cup
and a shot-cup-supporting cup-wad having asymmetric top and bottom
shapes are assembled together, the respective wads are
non-uniformly deformed at the time of shooting with attendant
disadvantages in that the damper effect and the reproducibility of
patterns are inevitably disturbed.
Moreover, in wads of the prior art, there is a necessity of paying
a great deal of attention as to the inserting direction of these
wads when loading the cartridge, since, once inserted in a wrong
direction, it is hardly possible to find out the mistake after the
loading. Thus, there were occasions where the cartridges as they
were mistakingly loaded were delivered to the users, causing
inconveniences at the time of shooting.
There have been known heretofore wads in which a plastic cup
portion, a cushion portion and a cup-wad portion are integrally
formed in one piece, for example, as disclosed in the U.S. Pat.
Nos. 3,217,648 and 3,262,392.
While such unitary body wads of this type are manufactured by
injection molding the manufacturing requires complicated
collapsible molds. In addition, since the space volumes of these
wads are to be varied depending upon the variations in the amounts
of propellant and shot pellets charged, a wide variety of molds are
necessitated. Moreover, because of the structure of the unitary
wads in which the upper shot-cup portion, the center cushion
portion and the gas check portion are necessarily formed integrally
in one piece, the unitary wads known heretofore have drawbacks
attributable to their weights and sizes in that they fly a
considerable distance, often to disturb sight of a shooter in
catching and confirming the targets when hunting or at clay pigeon
shooting.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention resides in providing wads having
a simple structure which warrants an easy manufacturing.
Another object of the present invention resides in providing wads
which reduce the possibility of misloading of cartridge.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide wads
capable of being deformed uniformly and affording a satisfactory
pattern of shot pellets due to their unique structures.
These objects of the present invention mentioned above have now
been accomplished by the combination use of a shot-cup for
retaining shot pellets provided with a unitarily molded cylindrical
skirt portion having a smaller outer diameter than that of the cup
portion and a cup-wad having identical and symmetric top and bottom
concaves when loading the cartridge .
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will be explained in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings in which;
FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of an H-shaped shot-cup
which constitutes a part of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a sectional view of an I-shaped cup-wad which
constitutes another part of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a cartridge of
shotgun employing the wads of the present invention, and;
FIG. 4 illustrates a longitudinal sectional view of the cartridge
being deformed at the time of shooting.
The wads of the present invention comprise a shot-cup in the form
of the H-shaped structure as shown in FIG. 1 and a cup-wad in the
form of the I-shaped structure as shown in FIG. 2.
Referring to FIG. 1, the skirt portion designated by the numerals
3--3 has an outer diameter which is slightly smaller than that of
the cup portion designated by the numerals 3-1, i.e., the
difference in the diameter therebetween rests within the range of
from 1.0 to 3.0mm. In other words, the clearance between the outer
wall of the cup portion 3-1 and that of the skirt portion 3--3,
when charged, rests within the range of from 0.5 to 1.5mm. on one
side, respectively.
The skirt portion 3--3 has a thickness ranging from 0.7 to 1.2mm.
and the lower end edge portion thereof is formed with a gradual
curve so that the outer wall near the lower end of the skirt
portion is inclined inwardly towards its axes so as to fit the
curvature of a concave portion designated by the numerals 4-1 in
the cup-wad 4 shown in FIG. 2.
As is seen from FIG. 2, the cup-wad 4 has smooth top and bottom
concaved portions designated by numerals 4-1 and 4-2, respectively,
which are identical and symmetrical with each other and having a
cross-section describing substantially an arc of a circle. Thus,
the cup-wad has an approximately I-shaped cross-sectional
configuration. The cup-wad as illustrated in FIG. 2 has an
advantage in that, unlike wads known heretofore, it can be inserted
and seated onto propellants regardless of the inserting direction
since the top and bottom concaved portions are identical and
symmetrical in shape. In addition, since the curvature of the
concave 4-1 of the cup-wad fits that of the lower end edge portion
of the skirt portion 3--3 of the shot-cup, it is stably held when
loaded.
While almost any synthetic resins which can be molded by injection
molding may be conveniently used as plastic materials in embodying
the present invention, those having a sufficiently high strength
capable of enduring distortions caused by excessive pressure and
heat evolved at the time of ignition and combustion of propellant,
for example, so-called polyethylene with low or medium pressure
polymerization process having a Melt Index ranging 0.1-7.0, and
polyethylene with high pressure polymerization process having a
Melt Index ranging somewhere around 0.5-10.0 are most preferably
used.
FIG. 3 illustrates a charged cartridge of shotgun in which these
wads are inserted. In FIG. 3, numeral 1 designates a cartridge
case, numeral 2 designates shot pellets, numeral 3 designates an
H-shaped shot-cup, with numerals 3-1 designating a cup portion,
numerals 3-2 designating a bottom portion and, numerals 3--3
designates a cylindrical skirt portion of the shot-cup, numeral 4
designates an I-shaped cup-wad, numerals 4-1 and 4-2 designate
concaved portions of the cup-wad, respectively, numeral 5
designates propellant, numeral 6 designates a base-wad, numeral 7
designates a primer and symbol a designates a cushion portion
formed by the cup-bottom portion 3-2, the cylindrical skirt portion
3--3 and the cup-wad 4.
FIG. 4 illustrates a deformed condition in firing of the cartridge
shown in FIG. 3. In this drawing, the same reference numeral
designates the same portion as in FIG. 3 and symbol b designates
the cushion portion being deformed.
Upon firing, the wall of the skirt portion 3--3 defining the
cushion portion a shown in FIG. 3 is uniformly compressed inwardly
along the curvature of the upper concaved portion 4-1 of the
cup-wad 4 like a bellows as shown in FIG. 4 designated by symbol b.
Owing to the structures of these wads as described above, air
compressed inside the deformed cushion portion b, which leaks out
nowhere, exhibits an effective and uniform cushioning effect,
making the gun recoil to the shooter even smaller. Moreover, the
air contained inside the deformed cushion portion b serves not only
to lower a drastic increase in the inner pressure at the vigorous
combustion of gun powder but also to prevent the occurrence of
excessive pressure in the course of combustion of propellant. In
addition, a slight deformation of the bottom portion 3-2 of the
shot-cup 3 in a concave form due to inertia at the time of firing
as shown in FIG. 4 favorably affects the distribution of the shot
pellets to give an excellent pattern.
In accordance with the wads of the present invention, unlike
unitary body wads known heretofore, no complicated collapsible
molds are required in the manufacturing. Thus, a high productivity
can be obtained in the mass production requiring less adjustment
and maintenance of the molding machine. This represents an
advantage of the present invention from a commercial
standpoint.
Furthermore, conventional unitarily formed wads known heretofore
fly a considerable distance because of their rather heavy weights
and since they are relatively large in size, conventional unitarily
formed wads tend to be mistaken by shooters as targets. In
contrast, these wads of the present invention are seldom mistaken
as targets since they have adequate sizes and weights.
Upon comparing these wads of the present invention with those known
heretofore comprising a shot-cup and an asymmetrically-shaped
cup-wad for supporting the shot-cup which are unitarily formed
respectively, it will be readily appreciated that since the
shot-cup of the present invention is provided with an integrally
formed skirt portion, a sure and stable loading can be accomplished
through simple procedures with less factors for variance. In
addition, because of the unique structure of the cup-wad of the
present invention as described above, breakages often observed in
conventional plastic cup-wads known heretofore caused from
insufficient impact strength at low temperatures can be
successfully prevented. Moreover, the cup-wad of the present
invention having identical and symmetric top and bottom concaved
portions has an advantage in that it can be easily inserted into a
cartrige case irrespective of the inserting direction, unlike
cup-wads of the prior art known heretofore.
* * * * *