U.S. patent number 3,750,579 [Application Number 05/179,106] was granted by the patent office on 1973-08-07 for shotgun shell wad.
Invention is credited to Larry D. Bellington.
United States Patent |
3,750,579 |
Bellington |
August 7, 1973 |
SHOTGUN SHELL WAD
Abstract
A wad for use in shotgun shells or the like presenting a
container for carrying shot pellets and having a plurality of
inclined, twisted collapsible supports providing only non-central
support for the container. Upon firing, the supports collapse in a
manner imparting spinning motion to the container and pellets
therein, and raised beads on the outer surface of the container
cooperate with the barrel of the gun to impart further spinning
motion to the wad and pellets, the collapsible supports and raised
beads being relatively oppositely inclined so as to compound these
spinning motions.
Inventors: |
Bellington; Larry D. (Kansas
City, MO) |
Family
ID: |
22655255 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/179,106 |
Filed: |
September 9, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
102/451 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F42B
7/08 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F42B
7/08 (20060101); F42B 7/00 (20060101); F42b
007/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;102/42C,42,95 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Stahl; Robert F.
Claims
Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new and
desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:
1. A wad for use is shotgun shells or the like, said wad
including:
a pair of spaced, circular, transverse walls defining an axis
common to the centers thereof; and
a plurality of collapsible supports connecting said walls, said
supports being symmetrically, angularly spaced about the centers of
the walls, each of said supports being radially spaced from said
centers of the walls to provide only non-central support between
said walls, said each support being inclined relative to said axis
whereby to impart spinning motion to said wad upon collapse of said
supports when compressive pressure is applied to said walls, said
each support being spirally disposed between said walls and having
first and second ends respectively secured to first and second ones
of said walls, said first and second ends of each support being
relatively twisted through an angle substantially equal to one-half
of the angle defined between adjacent ones of said symmetrically,
angularly spaced supports.
2. A wad as set forth in claim 1, wherein said each support is of a
substantially rectangular, cross-sectional configuration and is
disposed with the major dimensions of said first and second ends
thereof extending radially relative to said first and second walls
respectively.
3. A wad as set forth in claim 2, wherein is provided a cup-shaped
container at said first wall extending oppositely from said
supports, said container being adapted to carry shot pellets
therewithin whereby to impart spinning motion to said pellets upon
collapse of said supports.
4. A wad as set forth in claim 3, wherein are provided a plurality
of raised beads on the exterior surface of said container adapted
to cooperate with the barrel of a gun whereby to impart spinning
motion to said wad during travel of the shotgun shell along said
barrel, said beads being inclined relative to said axis and to said
supports.
5. A wad as set forth in claim 4, wherein said beads and said
supports are oppositely inclined relative to said axis, whereby to
compound said spinning motions imparted to said wad by said beads
and said supports.
6. A wad as set forth in claim 4 wherein said container is
slotted.
7. A wad as set forth in claim 2, wherein is provided an external
surface at said second wall adapted to sealingly engage the shotgun
shell to define a closed chamber for carrying a powder charge.
8. A wad for use in shotgun shells or the like, said wad
including:
a pair of spaced, circular, transverse walls defining an axis
common to the centers thereof; and
a plurality of separate, uninterrupted, circumferentially spaced,
symmetrically arranged, commonly inclined, collapsible supports
spanning the distance between and connecting said walls in radially
spaced relationship from said centers of the walls to provide only
non-central support therebetween, each of said supports being
individually twisted, rendering the same spirally shaped
longitudinally thereof.
Description
This invention relates to shot holder and wad units for use in
shotgun shells or the like and relates more particularly to wads
having collapsible supports for minimizing recoil.
It is known within the art to provide collapsible support structure
for a wad for the class described in order to minimize recoil
effects. However, previous collapsible wad designs induce a certain
amount of unwanted tilting or listing of the wad as it collapses,
thereby misdirecting the shot pellets into a relatively uneven
spread pattern.
It is an important object of the present invention to provide a wad
of the class described which collapses in a manner imparting
spinning motion to the wad in conjunction with absorbing the recoil
forces created upon firing.
It is another important object of the present invention to provide
a wad for use in shotgun shells or the like which includes a pair
of spaced, transverse walls and a plurality of inclined,
collapsible supports between the walls that are spaced from an axis
common to the centers of the walls, the supports being adapted to
collapse in a manner imparting spinning motion to the wad and the
shot pellets carried thereby so as to produce a dispersed,
pancake-like shot pattern of the pellets rather than a thin, string
pattern.
Another object of the invention is to provide a wad having support
structure which is collapsible so as to minimize gun recoil in a
manner to prevent listing or tilting of the wad relative to the
shell and gun barrel to create a consistent, well distributed
pellet pattern.
Another object of the present invention is to provide collapsible
supports of the class described which are spirally disposed between
the walls and symmetrically, angularly spaced about the centers of
the walls so as to impart spinning motion to the wad when the
supports collapse.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a wad of
the class described which includes a cup-shaped container at one of
the walls for carrying shot pellets, said container having raised,
inclined beads on the outer surface thereof adapted to cooperate
with the barrel of a gun during travel of the wad along the barrel
so as to impart spinning motion to the wad and pellets carried in
the container, the beads being oppositely inclined relative to the
collapsible supports so that the spinning motions imparted by the
supports and beads to the wad are compounded.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention are
specifically set forth in or will become apparent from the
following detailed description of the preferred form of the
invention when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawing,
wherein:
FIG. 1 is a partial, longitudinal, cross-sectional view of a
shotgun shell employing a wad constructed in accordance with the
teachings of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal plan view of the wad;
FIG. 3 is a right-hand plan end view of the wad;
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of the wad taken
along line 4--4 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a transverse, cross-sectional view taken along line 5--5
of FIG. 2; and
FIG. 6 is an enlarged, fragmentary, cross-sectional view of the
container wall.
FIG. 1 illustrates a typical shotgun shell 10 which has a charge
powder-filled chamber 12 at the left end thereof. The right end of
the shell is crimped to provide a transverse closing wall 14.
Intermediate the powder chamber 12 and closing wall 14 is a wad
structure generally referred to by the numeral 16 which presents a
chamber 18 filled with shot pellets 20.
Wad structure 16 includes first and second spaced, circular,
transverse walls 22 and 24 defining a central axis 26 common to the
centers of the walls. The outer surface of wall 24 presents a
rearwardly extending skirt 28 which cooperates with the inner
surface of the shotgun shell so as to seal and define the limits of
the powder-carrying chamber 12. At the other wall 22 there is
provided a forwardly extending, cup-shaped container 30 that
defines the pellet-carrying chamber 18. Container 30 is slotted as
at 32 to present a plurality of petals 34 on the outer surfaces of
which are provided a plurality of inclined, raised beads 36.
Extending between the walls 22 and 24 are a plurality of
collapsible, inclined, spirally or helically disposed,
symmetrically and angularly spaced supports or legs 38, each
support 38 being of a constant-sized, rectangular, cross-sectional
configuration. The opposite ends 40 and 42 of each support 38 are
secured upon the adjacent wall 22, 24 respectively, with the major
cross-sectional dimension of each end 40, 42 extending radially
relative to the adjacent end wall 22, 24.
The form of the invention illustrated includes four such supports
38 that are spaced at right angles from one another. The opposite
ends 40, 42 of each support 38 are relatively twisted through a
45.degree. angle or approximately one-half of the 90.degree. angle
defined between adjacent supports 38. The supports 38 and raised
beads 36 are obliquely inclined relative to the central axis 26 of
the walls, and are oppositely inclined relative to one another.
Upon firing of the shotgun shell by igniting the powder in chamber
12, the wad 16 and pellets 20 carried therewithin are impelled
through closing wall 14 to travel along and out of the shotgun
barrel. The supports 38 will begin to collapse immediately upon
firing, causing end wall 24 to move relatively toward end wall 22.
Because the supports are symmetrically arranged and disposed
radially away from the centers of end walls 22 and 24 to provide
only non-central support therebetween, the supports 38 collapse
consistently, evenly and simultaneously so as to obviate any
tendency of the wad to tilt or list as it travels out of the shell
10 and shotgun barrel. As a result, the wad impels the pellets 20
in an extremely consistent spread pattern. Tests have shown that
between 66 percent and 86 percent of the pellets will be within a
standard 30 inch pattern testing circle. The velocity
characteristics of the shot are highly consistent and there is a
minimum recoil.
The inclined, spiral disposition of the supports 38 induces a
certain amount of twisting or spinning of wall 24 in a clockwise
direction as viewed in FIG. 5 when the shell is fired. At this
point of firing, the supports 38 still maintain sufficient rigidity
so as to impart the clockwise spinning to the entire wad 16 and
accordingly, the pellets 20 carried within chamber 18. Thus, the
wad 16 leaves the shotgun shell traveling along a spiral path.
The several petals 34 of container 30 expand slightly after leaving
shell 10 so that the raised beads 36 thereof engage the interior
wall of the gun barrel. The inclined attitude of raised beads 36
induces rotary spinning motion of the wad, again in a clockwise
direction as viewed in FIGS. 3 and 5, to further increase the
spinning action of the wad and pellets as they travel along and out
of the gun barrel. The resulting compounded spinning motions
imparted to the wad effect a controlled, angular dispersion of the
pellets as they subsequently leave chamber 18 so as to create a
somewhat pancake-like pattern of flight of the pellets 20. This
minimizes stringing of the pellets along a thin, narrow line of
flight and presents a broader, larger shot pattern.
In the preferred form, the wad 16 is formed of flexible, relatively
deformable polyethylene, though the wad may be made of other
suitable material as desired in keeping with the collapsible nature
of the support legs 38. Rather than experiencing complete yielding
during firing, the supports are sufficiently resilient in nature so
as to tend to springback to their original uncollapsed state
approximately at the time the wad passes through the gun muzzle.
This "springing-back" action tends to induce yet further spinning
motion to the wad.
It is important to note that the legs 38 are disposed radially away
from the centers of end walls 22 and 24 so as to permit the support
legs to twist as they collapse in order to create the desired
spinning motion as well as to prevent tilting or listing of the
wad. The spirally twisted disposition of the supports 38 further
enhances the twisting thereof and consequent spinning motion
imparted to the wad and pellets.
* * * * *