U.S. patent number 3,749,904 [Application Number 05/118,723] was granted by the patent office on 1973-07-31 for illuminated wax form and method of making same.
Invention is credited to Ronald A. Graff.
United States Patent |
3,749,904 |
Graff |
July 31, 1973 |
ILLUMINATED WAX FORM AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME
Abstract
One or more small-wattage lamps are potted in a wax form of
desired configuration with an exterior connector extending from the
form. A resistor in series with a lamp may be internal or external
of the form. The method is practiced by placing one or more lamps
with individual resistors centrally in a mold with a connector
exterior of the mold, pouring melted wax into the mold so as to
enclose the lamp and resistor but not the connector, and removing
the hardened form with the enclosed lamp and resistor from the
mold. A base is then added to the form for stability and
appearance.
Inventors: |
Graff; Ronald A. (Montebello,
CA) |
Family
ID: |
22380358 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/118,723 |
Filed: |
February 25, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
362/265; 313/116;
313/3; 362/810 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F21S
6/001 (20130101); F21W 2121/00 (20130101); F21V
2200/10 (20150115); F21V 35/00 (20130101); Y10S
362/81 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F21S
6/00 (20060101); F21S 4/00 (20060101); F21V
8/00 (20060101); F21V 35/00 (20060101); F21p
001/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;240/1R,10.64,1B,8.16,52.4,1B,2R,6.4 ;264/244,245,246,247,271,272
;313/110,111,112,116,1,18X,324,3 ;431/289 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Capozi; Louis J.
Claims
I claim:
1. An electrically illuminated wax object comprising a low-wattage
low-heat light source, a resistor in series with the source, an
electrical connector linked to the source and extending from the
object and a translucent wax body cast about the light source in
direct contact therewith.
2. An illuminated object in accordance with claim 1 wherein the
light source comprises a light-transmitting capsule, a low-wattage,
low-heat lamp in the capsule, and a light-transmitting potting
substance intervening between the capsule wall and the lamp.
3. An illuminated object in accordance with claim 1 wherein the
light source comprises a light-transmitting capsule, a low-wattage
neon lamp in the capsule, the resistor being in the capsule, and a
light-transmitting potting substance intervening between the
capsule and the lamp and resistor.
4. An illuminated object in accordance with claim 1 wherein the
connector comprises an electric cord.
5. An illuminated object in accordance with claim 1 wherein the
electrical connector comprises a plug half.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to internally illuminated wax forms and more
particularly to such forms that are intimately molded about the
light source.
The pleasing luminous qualities of high grade wax have led to many
previous efforts to produce internally lighted low-level
illuminators to take advantage of the diffusion qualities of
various candle waxes and of translucent plastic and glass wax
substitutes used as shades or diffusers about the light source.
However, most such efforts have needed complicated means for
placing light sources within the plastic form to be lighted or have
been unsafe because the light source melted the wax.
The substitute forms have taken varied shapes, such as candle
tapers, crucifixes and human figures, and many have been
successfully marketed. Most marketed products have encountered two
drawbacks. One drawback is the expense, both initially and in
manufacture, of the glass or plastic used about the light source.
Glass and plastic, rather than wax, have been dictated by the need
to resist the heat generated by the conventional light sources
employed, despite the enhanced appeal of wax-diffused light. The
substances used, therefore, have only approximated the effect given
by light transmitted through waxy substances like beeswax or
petroleum paraffin.
A second problem is the need for often complicated structure to
hold the light source within the form, as exemplified by the
low-level illuminators of the type described by the following U.S.
Letters Patent:
U.s. pat. No. 2,061,824 issued to K.R. Beymer Nov. 24, 1936;
U.s. pat. No. 2,483,991 issued to W.J. Morrison Jan. 10, 1950;
U.s. pat. No. 2,704,322 issued to G.W. Strayline Mar. 15, 1955;
U.s. pat. No. 3,205,350 issued to G. Roszkowski et al Sept. 7,
1965.
The present invention provides an illuminated wax form and the
method of fabricating such a form which can be molded simply and
combined with the light source at the time of molding, obviating
expensive fabrication and eliminating safety hazards. The invention
thus enables the use of waxes of various types normally used in
candlemaking such as the petroleum paraffins, beeswax and fatty
derivatives, to name some.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention contemplates an illuminated wax object comprising a
light source which may be a small-wattage lamp and a resistor in
series with the lamp, with a connector extending from the object
for coupling to a source of power, and a wax body intimately cast
about the light source. A base may be attached to the body for
stability and appearance. Such a low-level illuminator is ideally
fabricated by the process of the invention which contemplates the
steps of suspending a light source in a mold having the desired
shape of the object, surrounding the light source with a wax liquid
so that a light source connector is emergent from the mold, and
hardening the liquid to a solid form and removing the resulting
object with the encased light source from the mold. Preferably the
molded object is then attached to a base of a like or dissimilar
material for stability or artistic appearance.
The light source may be a low-wattage neon lamp or plurality of
lamps with attendant resistor or resistors to enable use of A.C.
power. The light source may be lamps and resistors encapsulated in
a transparent or translucent tube filled with a clear resin, an end
of the tube terminating in a conventional electrical connector such
as a cord or a plug connector half.
The assembly of resistor and low-wattage lamp may be done prior to
placement of the light source in the mold for envelopment by the
molten wax. Fractional wattage, low-heat, neon lamps are
commercially available preassembled with a resistor for use with
the normal 115-volt household current.
The apparatus and method of the invention accomplish the objectives
of utilizing the pleasing radiance of candle wax in a light which
is inexpensive to make, safe for use under normal conditions and
versatile as to exterior configuration. These and other advantages
of the invention are apparent in the following detailed description
and drawing of illustrative embodiments.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a sectional elevation of an electrically illuminated
object in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 is an elevational view, partly in section, of an alternate
embodiment of the invention with a single lamp;
FIG. 3 is an elevational view, partly in section, of a further
alternate embodiment with an internal resistor;
FIG. 4 is a sectional elevation of a further alternate embodiment
having an encapsulated light source; and
FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional elevation illustrating the process
of the invention.
In the various Figures like parts are designated by like reference
numerals .
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1 illustrates in section an embodiment of the invention
wherein a molded wax body 10 contains a plurality of fractional
wattage neon lamps 11 which are connected in parallel by a
multilead electrical cord 12 extending from a resistive element 13
which may be a resistor group with each resistor linked to a
particular lamp through cord 12. An electrical connector 14 extends
to a conventional wall plug 15. The body 10 is frusto-conical and
terminates in a downward boss 17 of reduced diameter which fits
into a recess 18 of a shaped base 19. The base has a cylindrical
bottom cavity 21 into which boss 17 extends and from which cord
connector 14 emerges through an aperture 22. The cord may be
knotted or otherwise increased in size at the aperture to meet the
Underwriter Laboratories' requirements for A.C. connectors.
The lamps 11 and the resistor 13 are surrounded intimately by the
wax-molded body 10. Preferably the lamps are of a fractional
wattage neon type, such as the C2A neon bulbs manufactured by
General Electric Company. C2A neon lamps are 0.25 watts and give a
pleasing luminescence to the wax body 10 when illuminated by
connecting plug 15 to an A.C. outlet. The body 10 of the embodiment
of FIG. 1 has a mean diameter of about 2 1/2 inches and, when cast
of petroleum paraffin, is adequately illumined by the three C2A
lamps. One-third watt or one-half watt neon bulbs are also
commercially available, being designated A9A and D2A by General
Electric. The heat output of the three specified neon lamps is well
below the level harmful to most candle waxes and can therefore be
safely employed in molded wax figures in accordance with the level
of illumination desired.
The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be further ornamented by a protruding
wick 25 which is preferably of a nonignitable optical material,
such as lucite. If a lamp like the upper lamp 11 is cast near the
bottom of the wick, light is transmitted through the immediately
adjacent wax to the lucite wick and radiated from the wick.
The embodiment of FIG. 2 comprises a cast wax body 26 which has a
generally conical outer configuration decorated by simulated wax
drippings 27 spaced about its periphery. An optical wick 25 extends
from the top of the body. A light source 31 is cast within body 26
and an electrical connecting cord 14 extends from the light to a
plug 32 adapted to fit a household wall socket.
Plug 32 contains a resistor 34. The resistor value is determined by
light source 31 which, in the embodiment of FIG. 2, is an
incandescent lamp. While the resistor is not required to "fire" the
incandescent lamp, it is required to match the conventional voltage
of a household to the voltage rating of the incandescent lamp. Low
voltage power sources such as A.C. or D.C. current or batteries
wherein the source output is matched to the incandescent lamp
eliminate the need for the resistor 34.
The wax body 26 of FIG. 2 sits within a recess 35 of a base 36
whose wall is apertured at 37 to accommodate connecting cord
14.
The embodiment of FIG. 3 comprises a semispherical wax body 41
which is fragmentarily shown and partly in section. An optical wick
25 emerges from an ornamental boss 42 at the top of the wax body
and longitudinal ornamental grooves 43 extend about the body
exterior.
The wax body of FIG. 3 may be beeswax or waxes derived from fatty
materials or petroleum paraffin. Any of these waxes becomes liquid
at fairly low heat and pours easily and molds with facility. In
FIG. 3 the wax body encases a schematically represented light
source 44 of fractional wattage. Electrical leads 45, 46 extend
from the light source assembly which may be a General Electric
C2ARZYK neon lamp and resistor element. The wax body of FIG. 3 may
be suitably mounted on a base (not shown) and connected to a
suitable power source by conventional means.
In certain situations where a multiplicity of bulbs or neon lamps
is desirable, it may be more economical to assemble the lamps and
resistors as a unit within a capsule in order to facilitate placing
the light source thus defined within the mold which gives the wax
its final form. FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the invention
utilizing such a light source. A clear glass tube 51 is cast within
a wax form 52 which is given the appearance of a conventional
candle by its cylindrical configuration and upper conical boss 53
and optical wick 54. The wick may penetrate the wax body in the
manner described with respect to FIG. 1.
Tube 51 terminates in a male electrical plug 55 which is
electrically connected by leads 56, 57 to a plurality of small
wattage, low-heat neon lamps 58. The lamps may be of the C2A type.
Each lamp is connected in series with a 22K resistor 59. The lamps
and resistors are held positioned within the tube by a casting
resin 61 which may be of a clear acrylic type.
Male plug 55 is joined to a female plug 63 from which a connector
cord 14 extends to a conventional wall plug 15. the wax body 52
seats within a recess 35 of a base 65 which has an aperture 37
through which the cord extends.
It can thus be seen that the light source can be assembled prior to
combination with the wax body such that the lamps may be checked as
to position prior to placement in the casting mold into which the
wax is poured. With male plug 55 being smaller than an aperture 66
of recess 35, the candle form may be joined with the base as
desired. Base prongs 67 on a base spider 68 may be utilized to hold
the female plug in position, aligned with aperture 66. The base can
thereby accommodate internally illuminated wax forms of varying
configurations, provided each such wax form has a bottom portion
fitting in recess 35.
The illustrative embodiments of the apparatus of the invention have
been shown to utilize neon and incandescent lamps in combination
with internal and external resistors. Whether or not the resistors
are internal and in any type of lamp utilization the wax body may
be cast about the varied light sources by the method of the
invention, illustrated schematically in FIG. 5. A split mold of
which one half 71 is shown, is used to form a wax body having an
outer configuration defined by the concave wall 72 of the mold. The
bottom wall 74 of the mold has a wick aperture 75 which tapers
conically both inwardly and outwardly. The juncture of the tapers
defines a wall ridge which tightly fits each of the optical wicks
25 which may thereby be positioned within the cavity defined by
concave wall 72 of the mold. Since it is desired to locate the
light source or sources specifically within the wax body, a cord
clamp 76 is provided which clamps the cord connector 14 to suspend
lamps 78, 79 in the mold cavity in the desired position. Liquid wax
81 is poured from a container 82 or other source of hot wax into
the cavity around the lamps 78, 79.
The material of the mold can be heat absorbent such that the wax is
quickly cooled. The mold may thereafter be parted when a clamp bolt
83 or other clamping device is removed to free the internally
illuminateable wax body from the mold. At removal cord clamp 76 is
released from cord 14 by loosening a clamp bolt 85 so as not to
loosen the cord in the wax body by curtailing cord freedom.
The apparatus of FIG. 5 thus implements the process of the
invention wherein the light source is positioned within the mold
and the wax is poured into the mold about the light source and the
wax then hardened, followed by removal of the molded object and its
light source from the mold.
The illustrative embodiments described above are capable of
providing low-level illumination which is pleasing in its quality
and which may emanate from objects of many artistic outer
configurations. The illustrative embodiments, as well as others
within the scope of the invention, use the known qualities of
candle waxes in combination with low heat generating lamps to
provide safe night lamps and ornaments of both artistry and
utility. Alternate combinations other than those shown by the
illustrative embodiments will occur to those skilled in this art.
It is, therefore, desired that the invention be measured by the
appended claims rather than by the illustrative disclosure
herein.
* * * * *