U.S. patent number 3,749,531 [Application Number 05/204,154] was granted by the patent office on 1973-07-31 for reversible fluid unit.
This patent grant is currently assigned to General Motor Corporation. Invention is credited to Gary M. Kantrud, Frank H. Walker.
United States Patent |
3,749,531 |
Walker , et al. |
July 31, 1973 |
REVERSIBLE FLUID UNIT
Abstract
This unit may be employed as a reversible fluid pump or motor
and has a housing for an orbiting rotor operatively disposed within
the inner diameter of an annular fluid conducting bladder assembly
formed with arcuately spaced fluid inlet and outlet passages. The
pump disclosed has a motor driven rotor that carries a plurality of
arcuately spaced roller members which contact and squeeze inner and
outer walls of the bladder assembly together so that sealed pockets
are formed between the adjacent roller members that carry fluid in
the orbital direction of the rotor. When the rotor is driven, fluid
is drawn into the bladder assembly as the pockets form at the inlet
port and is exhausted as they reach the outlet port.
Inventors: |
Walker; Frank H. (Grand Blanc,
MI), Kantrud; Gary M. (Flint, MI) |
Assignee: |
General Motor Corporation
(Detroit, MI)
|
Family
ID: |
22756847 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/204,154 |
Filed: |
December 2, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
418/45; 417/474;
417/477.12; 417/477.6 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F04B
43/1253 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F04B
43/12 (20060101); F01c 005/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;418/45
;417/474,475,476 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Husar; C. J.
Claims
We claim:
1. A positive displacement fluid unit for use as a pump or motor
comprising a housing, said housing having an inner curved surface
therein, a flexible fluid-conducting tube means disposed in said
housing adjacent to said inner curved surface, said tube means
having spaced fluid inlet and outlet means, rotor means mounted for
orbital movement about a first axis within said housing for
progressively contacting said tube means to displace said tube
means against said inner surface to squeeze the walls of said tube
means together and form fluid receiving pockets therein at said
fluid inlet means as said rotor means orbits past said inlet means,
support means for supporting said rotor means for orbital movement
about said first axis an for rotation about a second axis, and gear
means operatively connecting said tube means and said housing to
maintain said tube means in position and prevent rotary creep of
said tube means within said housing in response to the supply of
fluid into said inlet means and the discharge of fluid from said
outlet means.
2. The fluid unit of claim 1 wherein said gear means comprise a
planetary gear set with a plurality of planet gears mounted on said
support means operatively connecting a sun gear and a ring gear,
means for securing said ring gear within said housing, said rotor
means comprising a plurality of elongated rollers each operatively
connected to one of said planet gears, said rollers and said tube
means having meshing teeth which maintain said tube means in fixed
position within said housing.
3. A positive displacement fluid unit comprising a housing, said
housing having an annular surface therein, an annular flexible
fluid-conducting tube disposed in said housing adjacent to said
curved surface, said fluid conducting tube having fluid inlet and
fluid outlet means therein arcuately spaced from each other, rotor
means operatively disposed in said housing having a plurality of
separate tube squeezing means for spaced point contact with said
fluid conducting tube, and support means for movably mounting said
rotor means for orbital movement in said housing so that each of
said tube squeezing means progressively contacts said tube to force
said tube against the curved walls in said housing and squeeze the
walls of said tube together to form sealed fluid receiving pockets
as said tube squeezing means orbits past said fluid inlet and gear
means operatively connected to said tube, said rotor means and said
housing to prevent creeping of said fluid conducting tube as said
rotor means orbits in said housing.
4. The positive displacement fluid unit defined in claim 3 wherein
said tube has side edges joined together and said pockets formed in
said tube have a cross section with a height that progressively
diminishes from the center of the cross section to zero height at
the edges of said tube to provide for low tube profile and for low
tube stress as said tube is flexed by said tube squeezing
means.
5. The positive displacement fluid unit defined in claim 3 wherein
said tube is formed by annular inner and outer walls which are
reversely arced in cross section, said walls having side edges
which are joined together to provide a fluid sealed bladder
assembly having a low profile for low stress as said bladder
assembly is flexed by said tube squeezing means.
6. The fluid unit defined in claim 5 wherein said outer wall is
secured in said housing and the arc of said inner wall is less than
the arc of said outer wall so that atmospheric pressure outside of
said walls cannot collapse said pockets thereby allowing said fluid
unit to operate as a vacuum pump.
7. In a fluid pump an input means, first gear means driven by said
input means, planetary gear means meshingly engaged with said input
gear means, reaction gear means meshing with said planetary gear
means, housing means secured to said reaction gear means, said
planetary gear means having elongated roller members secured
thereto, each of said rollers having gear teeth therein, a flexible
bladder assembly operatively disposed in said housing forming a
fluid passage therein, said flexible bladder assembly having inlet
passage means and outlet passage means arcuately spaced from each
other, said flexible bladder means having teeth on the interior
wall thereof, said rollers having teeth which engage the teeth on
said inner wall of said bladder assembly, and said bladder assembly
forming fluid receiving pockets which move around the axis of said
input from the inlet of said bladder to the outlet of said bladder
being squeezed by said roller means to provide a fluid unit which
pumps fluid from said inlet to said outlet.
8. A positive displacement fluid unit comprising a housing, a
rotatable input, a planetary unit having a rotatable input member
drivingly connected to said input and having a plurality of
arcuately spaced planet members rotatably mounted on a planet
carrier, said planet members being drivingly connected to said
input member, a reaction member operatively connected to said
planet members, each of said planet members having a roller
connected thereto driven in a circular path in response to the
drive of said input member, a fluid conducting bladder assembly
disposed in said housing and around said rollers, said bladder
assembly having a fluid inlet passage and a fluid outlet passage
arcuately spaced from each other, said bladder having a fluid
conducting passage therein extending in one direction from said
inlet passage to said outlet passage and cooperating with said
rollers which squeezes said bladder assembly to provide fluid
conducting pockets therein between adjacent rollers that carry the
fluid supplied to said inlet passage in the direction of motion of
said rollers so that fluid is drawn into the unit as one of said
pockets is formed at said inlet passage and is exhausted from the
unit as said pocket reaches said outlet passage.
9. The fluid unit defined in claim 8 wherein the pockets formed in
the bladder assembly have a large dimension at the center of each
of said pockets which gradually diminish toward the edge of the
bladder assembly to provide for low stress during the flexing of
the bladder assembly during operation.
10. The fluid unit defined in claim 8 wherein said bladder assembly
has an arcuate inner wall formed with an annular arrangement of
gear teeth thereon that extend radially inwardly of said bladder
assembly, said rollers having teeth which mesh with the teeth of
said inner wall as said rollers orbit in said housing, said
planetary unit being a planetary gear set with said reaction member
being a ring gear secured to said housing to condition said gear
set for a speed reducing drive and to cooperate with said meshing
teeth of said rollers and said bladder assembly with the stationary
ring gear and prevent creep of the bladder in said housing as said
rollers orbit therein.
11. The fluid unit defined in claim 10 wherein said inlet and
outlet passages are disposed at right angles to each other, said
planet members comprising three planetary gears, one of said
rollers extending coaxially from each of said planetary gears and
cooperating with said inner wall of said bladder assembly to form
at least three of said pockets in response to one revolution of
said carrier member.
Description
This invention relates to a reversible fluid unit in which there is
a new and improved fluid conducting bladder assembly and
cooperating roller means operatively disposed in a housing which
function as a fluid pump or motor without creep and undue wear of
the bladder assembly.
Prior to the present invention some fluid pump units have been made
with fluid-conducting flexible tubes circular in cross section.
These tubes form arcs of about 180.degree. in passing through the
body of the unit. In such prior art construction the inlet of each
tube is supplied with a fluid and is then subjected to an arcuately
progressing squeezing action by a set of motor driven rotating
rollers. As the rollers are orbited in the housing, the liquid or
gas which is supplied to the inlet side of the pump is forced ahead
of the rollers through the tube to the outlet side. This prior art
construction permits the handling of a wide variety of materials
with minimized adverse effect on the pump's mechanical parts since
the fluid is moved entirely through the tube and does not normally
contact the internal mechanical part of the pump.
While these prior pumps are ideally suited for numerous
applications, particularly where the special handling of
corrosives, abrasive solutions, gasses or other fluid is needed,
they often cannot be operated for extended time periods since the
service life of the tube is greatly diminished by the constant
flexing action imposed thereon by the orbiting rollers. Also there
is a tendency for the tube to creep during operation which
stretches and strains the tubing detracting from its durability.
This adds to maintenance burden and costs and limits the use of
such units to environments readily accessible for maintanance.
In this invention there is provided a new and improved reversible
fluid pump or motor unit. In the preferred embodiment this unit now
described as a pump has a planetary gear set which serves as a
speed reducing drive from a standard high-speed, low-torque driving
motor to a set of rollers which cooperate with an annular bladder
disposed about the rollers to form fluid receiving pockets
therebetween. These pockets move in an arcuate path as the rollers
orbit about a central axis. The pockets carry fluid in the orbital
direction of motion of the rollers with fluid being drawn into the
pump as the pockets form serially at the inlet port in the bladder.
These pockets are exhausted as they reach an outlet port in the
bladder. Teeth are provided on the inner wall of the bladder which
mesh with those on the outside diameter of the rollers aligning the
bladder with the stationary ring gear of the gear unit to prevent
creep of the bladder as the rollers orbit. The bladder preferably
is formed from inner and outer annular elastomeric members arcuate
in cross-section with a height which diminishes from a maximum at
its center toward the side edges where they are joined together by
an adhesive, by seam welding, or other suitable means. When
installed in the pump the pockets formed by the bladder have a
"duck bill" cross section to provide for low stress during constant
flexing to improve service life. The sealed pockets provide a
positive displacement feature that permits the pump to be used as
its own valve sealing against back flow when rotation is stopped.
Reversing of the driving motor causes the fluid to flow in the
opposite direction. The fluid being pumped contacts only the
bladder making the pump useful for many fluids including those
which are highly corrosive.
In this invention the revolving planet gears provide for speed
reduction from the input, the actuation of the bladder assembly as
well as preventing creep of the bladder.
It is an object of this invention to provide a new and improved
fluid pump or motor unit having a flexible fluid conducting bladder
therein cooperating with special roller means operatively connected
to a speed changing planetary gear unit for providing fluid
receiving pockets in the bladder assembly movable between inlet and
outlet passages and for maintaining the bladder in a fixed position
in the unit.
Another object of this invention is to provide a fluid pump or
motor unit having a new and improved bladder assembly of a low
profile design that is subjected to low stress when contacted by
orbiting rotor means to provide for the long service life of the
bladder assembly.
Another object of this invention is to provide a new and improved
positive displacement fluid unit, which may be employed as a pump
or motor, that has an annular flexible bladder assembly which
cooperates with a rotor to provide a plurality of fluid receiving
pockets therein for conducting fluid from an inlet to an
outlet.
Another object of this invention is to provide a new and improved
positive displacement fluid unit having a flexible, curved,
fluid-conducting bladder therein which cooperates with a set of
arcuately spaced rollers operatively connected to the planet gears
of a speed changing planetary gear set to provide a plurality of
fluid receiving pockets that carry fluid from an inlet port to an
outlet port of the unit.
These and other features, objects and advantages of this invention
will be more apparent from the following detailed description and
drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the fluid unit of this
invention;
FIG. 2 is a view taken along lines 2--2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top view taken along lines 3--3 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4--4 of FIG. 1;
and
FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the free position of the bladder
assembly of this invention.
Turning now to the drawings of a preferred embodiment of the
invention there is shown in FIG. 1 a motor 10 which may be a
conventional high-speed, low-torque electric motor that has an
output shaft 12 which is keyed to drive a sun gear 14 of a
planetary gear set 15 disposed within a housing 16. This housing
has two parts connected together by bolts 17 and is secured to the
housing of the motor by nut and bolt fasteners 18. The sun gear 14
of the planetary gear set meshes with three planet gears 20 which
are evenly spaced from each other being rotatably mounted on
separate elongated spindles 22 of a carrier 24. One side 25 of the
carrier is rotatably mounted by sleeve bearings on a shoulder 26 of
the sun gear while the opposite side 27 is rotatably mounted by a
sleeve bearing in an opening 28 formed in an end wall 30 of the
housing 16. The sides 25 and 27 of the carrier 24 are joined by a
central tubular connection 32 that is coaxial with the sun gear
14.
Each of the planet gears 20 mesh with a reaction ring gear 36 which
is securely fixed to the interior of the pump housing 16. This
construction provides a speed reduction of the planet gears and
carrier as they orbit about the rotational axis of the sun gear in
response to the drive of the sun gear by the motor 10. Each of the
three planet gears 20 has an integral and coaxial extension forming
a roller 40, disposed between the sides 25 and 27 of the carrier.
The rollers are provided with teeth 43 which mesh with the internal
teeth 44 of the inner wall 46 of an elastomeric annular bladder
assembly 48 disposed adjacent to the smooth annular interior
surface 47 of the housing 16.
The bladder assembly has an elastomeric outer wall 50 that is
joined at its outer edges to the outer edges of the elastomeric
inner wall 46 by an adhesive or by seam welding. When installed
around the rollers 40, fluid receiving pockets such as the pockets
54 and 56 shown in full lines in FIG. 4 are formed. The pockets
formed between the rollers move clockwise about 270.degree. from
side-by-side inlet ports 62 and 64 of the bladder assembly to
side-by-side outlet ports 58 and 60. This occurs when the rollers
orbit around the rotational axis of sun gear 14 in response to the
drive of sun gear 14 by the motor 10. The 90 degree segment formed
by the inner and outer walls of the bladder assembly from the
outlet ports to the inlet ports are fastened together in a
fluid-tight relationship to block the clockwise flow of fluid from
the inlet ports to the outlet ports. When the rollers reach their
phantom line position shown in FIG. 4 a total of three pockets are
formed. These pockets progressively formed between the inner and
outer walls of the bladder have a "duckbill" cross-section as shown
best in FIG. 1 which provides for low stress of the bladder
assembly when flexed during operation to materially lengthen
service life of the bladder assembly.
The outer wall 50 of the bladder assembly is formed with an annular
castillated central rib 68 that projects radially outwardly which
facilitates the forming of bladder assembly into a circle as shown
in FIG. 5 from a linear unit. This rib is fitted into an annular
internal groove 69 formed in housing 16 to secure the bladder
assembly therein.
Housing 16 has projecting socket portions in which are secured
outlet hose fittings 74 and 76 each having a fluid passage therein
which communicates with the associated outlet port 58 or 60. The
ends of these fittings contact the flanged ends of respective
retainer sleeves that have tubular portions that closely fit inside
of the flanged necks 78 and 80 which form the outlet ports 58 and
60 of the bladder assembly. Also, there are projecting inlet
sockets for hose fittings 82 and 84. Each of these is formed with a
reduced diameter sleeve portion that is mechanically fitted inside
of the flanged necks 86 and 88 which form the intake ports 62 and
64 of the bladder assembly.
In a pump operation the planetary gear set serves as a gear
reduction from the driving motor 10. As the sun gear is driven, the
planet gears 20 walk around inside of the reaction ring gear 36. As
the pinions orbit, they carry the rollers 40 about the axis of the
sun gear squeezing the bladder assembly against the annular inner
surface of the housing 16. As a roller passes the inlet ports 62
and 64 a pocket such as pocket 54 is formed between adjacent
rollers which receives fluid supplied to the inlet ports. The
pockets so formed carry the fluid in the direction of orbital
motion of the rollers shown by the directional arrow in FIG. 4.
Each of these pockets is exhausted as they serially reach the
outlet ports. The teeth of the inner wall of the bladder mesh with
those on the outside diameter of the rollers aligning the bladder
with the stationary ring gear and thus prevent creep of the bladder
as the rollers orbit.
Since the inner wall of the bladder assembly forms an arc shorter
than that of the outer wall it cannot collapse against the outer
wall upon passing the inlet port so the unit can serve as a vacuum
pump. The positive displacement feature provided by the sealed
pockets permits the pump to be used as its own valve sealing
against backflow when rotation is stopped. When either stopped or
rotating fluid will be unable to flow past the sealing point
provided by the roller and the inner and outer walls of the bladder
assembly. Reversing of the drive motor causes the fluid flow to be
in the opposite direction. The fluid being pumped contacts only the
bladder making the pump useful for many fluids including those
which are highly corrosive.
While this invention has been described in particular as a fluid
pump, it can also be readily employed as a motor. In In such a case
pressure fluid can be supplied to the inlet ports to drive rollers
40 in an orbital path through the elastomeric bladder. Fluid exits
from the discharge ports and the output is taken from the sun gear
14.
With this invention the planetary gearing is disposed within the
housing 16 and the planetary gears with extensions 40 provide the
desirable speed reduction plus the bladder squeezing action.
Additionally since the teeth of the planet gears mesh with the
fixed ring gear 36 and with the bladder assembly the bladder cannot
creep and be subjected to undesirable fatigue.
To provide an even more compact and simplified unit the extensions
40 could have the same pitch diameter as the planet gears 20 and
the unit provided with only one inlet and one outlet.
Although a preferred embodiment of the invention has been shown and
described for purposes of illustrating the invention, there are
other embodiments now obvious to those skilled in the art.
Therefore the limitations of this invention are set forth in the
following claims.
* * * * *