U.S. patent number 3,748,949 [Application Number 05/190,506] was granted by the patent office on 1973-07-31 for thread system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to P. L. Robertson Manufacturing Company, Limited. Invention is credited to Geoffrey Dreger.
United States Patent |
3,748,949 |
Dreger |
July 31, 1973 |
THREAD SYSTEM
Abstract
A threaded member capable of being driven into low density
materials has a sharp thread with its leading angle substantially
larger than its trailing angle.
Inventors: |
Dreger; Geoffrey (Oakville,
Ontario, CA) |
Assignee: |
P. L. Robertson Manufacturing
Company, Limited (Milton, Ontario, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
22701626 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/190,506 |
Filed: |
October 19, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
411/411 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F16B
25/0047 (20130101); F16B 25/0015 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F16B
25/00 (20060101); F16b 025/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;85/41,46 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Allen; Edward C.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A screw threaded member for use with materials having a density
in the range from about 15 to about 60 pounds per cubic foot
comprising a root portion of predetermined diameter, a single
continuous external sharp-edged thread portion having a leading
angle of 30.degree. and a trailing angle of 15.degree., the depth
of said thread portion being from 30 to 40 percent of the diameter
of said root portion, and the spacing between threads being from
2.2 to 3 times as great as said thread depth.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to threaded members and more particularly to
screw threaded fasteners for use in low density materials.
The expression "low density materials" is intended to include
materials having a density below about 40 pounds per cubic foot and
penetratable by a threaded member. Widespread use of some low
density materials as a substitute for natural wood has been
hindered by the inability of conventional wood screws to penetrate
and hold in such materials. For example, conventional wood screws
cause low density particle board materials to crumble between the
screw threads and thus prevent the screw from penetrating the
material properly. Some low density particle board materials such
as Novaply permit conventional wood screws to be driven thereinto,
but such screws do not hold well enough in that they loosen or are
pulled out under too low a load to make their use practical. When
an attempt is made to drive conventional wood screws into laminated
materials such as natural wood veneer bonded to a thicker core of
polyurethane foam of 20 pounds per cubic foot density, the screws
lift the veneer from the core. The result has been that relatively
expensive fasteners, or fasteners that are difficult to use, have
had to be used instead of screws. Also, when an item is made from
materials having vastly different densities, several different
kinds of fasteners must be stocked by its manufacturer.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide a
threaded fastener capable of being screwed into and capable of
holding well in low density materials.
Another object is to provide a threaded fastener usable in
materials having a wide range of densities.
Another object is to provide a threaded fastener that can be driven
without requiring a pre-drilled pilot hole.
Another object is to provide a threaded fastener that can be made
in a single pass by rolling a blank between dies.
Another object is to provide a threaded fastener that does not
crumble low density particle board between its threads.
Another object is to provide an easily manufactured, relatively
inexpensive fastener that is rugged and durable.
Still other objects and advantages of the invention will be
revealed in the specification and claims, and the scope of the
invention will be set forth in the claims.
Briefly stated, in accordance with one aspect of the invention a
screw threaded member has sharp-edged, asymmetrical threads of
increased surface area and spacing that penetrate and hold the
member in materials having a wide range of densities.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
In the drawing:
FIG. 1 is a side view of a threaded member in accord with this
invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged side view of a portion of the thread from the
member shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged side view of a portion of the member shown in
FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a plan view taken along the line 4--4 in FIG. 3.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
FIG. 1 shows how this invention would be applied to a wood screw 1
having a conventional round head 2 with a slot 3 facilitating
driving of same, it being understood that this thread system can be
used to anchor essentially any type of threaded member, such as a
bearing rod having a threaded end. Thread portion 4 is a single,
continuous, sharp-edged, asymmetrical screw thread spiraling down
the root portion 5 of fastener 1 and terminating at sharp pointed
tip 6.
As shown in FIG. 2, the thread leading angle is 30.degree. and the
trailing angle is 15.degree.. This results in an included angle at
sharp edge 7 of 45.degree. that permits thread portion 4 to bite
into and hold well in materials having densities in the range of
about 15 to about 60 pounds per cubic foot. The threads do not
crumble or damage low density materials, and it is not necessary
under most circumstances to pre-drill a pilot hole for member 1
before driving. These thread angles are critical, and the
advantages of this invention will not be attained if there is any
significant deviation therefrom.
FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the depth T of thread portion
4 and the diameter R of root 5. Thread depth T must always be at
least 30 percent of the root diameter R and preferably is between
30 and 40 percent. Thus, the thread system of this invention
provides substantially more thread depth than the prior art. This
results in a greater thread bearing surface area which reduces
crumbling and other damage to low density materials while member 1
is being driven, as well as increasing its holding power
thereafter. One factor in achieving this desirable result is that
relatively less material is displaced when screw 1 is driven.
FIG. 4 shows the relationship between thread surface area and root
area for this thread system. This thread system has substantially
greater thread surface area than do comparable prior art systems,
and this greatly increases the ability of this system to hold in
low density materials. This greater thread surface area results
from the above relationship between thread depth T and root
diameter R, and from the specific values specified for the leading
and trailing angles.
In FIG. 1 the distance between threads is designated D. For
threaded members in accord with this invention to perform properly,
it is necessary that the thread spacing D be at least double the
thread depth T, and preferably 2.2 to 3 times the thread depth.
This results in fewer threads per inch, and contributes to
substantial elimination of the crumbling that occurs when prior art
threads are driven into low density particle board.
Tests have been run to demonstrate the greater holding power of
screws in accord with this invention. Size 10 gauge screws in
accord herewith driven one-half inch into 18-20 pound per cubic
foot urethane foam required a pull-out force averaging 215 pounds,
while conventional type A screws of the same size resisted an
average of only 158 pounds before being pulled out of the same
material. This is an improvement of about 36 percent. The same test
showed these screws to be about 20 percent more resistant to
pull-out from particle board materials. The same test in other
materials revealed that screws in accord herewith always resisted a
larger average pull-out force than did conventional types of wood
screws. This shows that the holding power of fasteners with threads
in accord with this invention in low density materials is
substantially greater than conventional wood screws of the same
size. The tests also revealed increased holding power in materials
with densities up to about 60 pounds per cubic foot. Furthermore,
conventional screws showed a much greater deviation in pull-out
resistance values than did the screws of the instant
inventions.
It has thus been shown that screw threaded members in accord with
this invention are easily driven into low density materials without
damaging such materials and also have substantially increased
holding power when compared to conventional structures. Threaded
members as disclosed herein are also readily usable in high density
materials, and this means that industrial users can reduce their
fastener inventories. Also, these threaded members are especially
suited for use in mass production operations where they are driven
by power rotated tools (as contrasted with hand rotated tools). The
threaded members of this invention can be economically manufactured
in a single pass between dies in a conventional rolling operation
because the metal flows easily and fills out the sharp crested
thread when the leading angle is 30.degree. and the trailing angle
is 15.degree..
While the present invention has been described with reference to a
particular embodiment, it is not intended to illustrate or describe
herein all the equivalent forms and ramifications thereof. Also,
the words used are words of description rather than limitations,
and various changes may be made without departing from the spirit
or scope of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the
appended claims cover all such changes as fall within the true
spirit and scope of the invention.
* * * * *