U.S. patent number 3,748,669 [Application Number 05/170,686] was granted by the patent office on 1973-07-31 for lightweight body supporting structure.
Invention is credited to Frederick L. Warner.
United States Patent |
3,748,669 |
Warner |
July 31, 1973 |
LIGHTWEIGHT BODY SUPPORTING STRUCTURE
Abstract
A lightweight body supporting structure having a fluid medium
for use as a mattress, bed or the like comprising a flexible, fluid
impermeable envelope and a plurality of individual fluid impervious
cells disposed within said envelope, each cell containing a gaseous
substance or totally void of matter. The envelope is partially
filled with a liquid, with the remaining volume being displaced by
said individual gaseous filled or void cells. The cells may have
flexible or rigid boundaries.
Inventors: |
Warner; Frederick L. (Fort
Myers, FL) |
Family
ID: |
22620863 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/170,686 |
Filed: |
August 11, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
5/682; 5/673 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A47C
27/086 (20130101); A47C 27/085 (20130101); A47C
27/088 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A47C
27/08 (20060101); A47c 027/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;5/348,349,350,348WB,91
;229/14C ;206/46FC |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Zugel; Francis K.
Assistant Examiner: Calvert; Andrew M.
Claims
What I claim is:
1. A relatively lightweight structure for supporting various parts
of the human body in relative comfort utilizing a liquid supporting
medium comprising:
a flexible, fluid impermeable envelope;
a plurality of individual, evacuated, fluid impervious cells
contained within said envelope, each of said cells displacing a
volume of liquid equal to the volume of said cell;
a liquid supporting medium partially filling said envelope; and
means connecting said cells together to form a unitary structure to
prevent relative movement of said cells to each other within a
predetermined plane.
2. A supporting structure as in claim 1, wherein said cells
include:
a thin film sheet; and
a plurality of thin film herispheres sealed about their perimeters
to said thin film sheet,
said hemispheres being imperious to fluid.
3. A supporting structure as in claim 1, wherein:
said cell is an elongated, gaseous filled tube.
4. A supporting structure as in claim 1, wherein:
said cells are flexible, thin film plastic shells encapsulating
air.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to an improved body supporting
device and more specifically to a supporting device having a fluid
medium for use as a mattress, bed, pillow or the like. Such a
device is commonly referred to as a "water bed" or "water
mattress."
The "water bed" has been successfully utilized as a body support
because the fluid medium distributes and equalizes the pressure on
a supported body, the user finding such a bed extremely
comfortable. A body support that equalizes surface pressure is also
desirable for hospitalized patients having extremely sensitive or
damaged skin tissue.
A major drawback that makes liquid filled beds somewhat impractical
is the extremely large volume (and therefore weight) of the water
required to fill a supporting container that could accommodate the
average sized person without sacrificing those characteristics that
make the water bed comfortable. As an example, an 8 foot by 4 foot
by 1 foot water filled mattress would weight over 2,000 pounds.
Also a puncture or leak in a water bed would literally flood the
surrounding area with water, the previous example containing 32
cubic feet of water.
Applicant's invention provides for a body supporting structure
having a liquid as the supporting medium, but one in which the
entire structure is reduced in weight of the liquid volume with
fluid impervious cells containing a gaseous substance or void,
without sacrificing the sensation of a completely liquid filled
bed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A body supporting structure for use as a bed, mattress or the like
comprising a plurality of individual, fluid impervious cells
containing a gaseous substance such as air (or partially or totally
evacuated) enclosed within a flexible, fluid impermeable shell or
envelope, the remainder of the shell volume being filled with a
liquid supporting medium such as water. The individual cells may be
flexible or rigid and of various shapes and sizes. The shell is
shaped to accommodate the intended use either as a bed, mattress,
pillow or the like. The proportionate volume of cells to liquid
within the envelope is determined so that the sensation of a
liquid-filled support is retained; it has been evaluated that a
minimum volume of liquid above 20 percent of the envelope volume is
necessary.
It is an object of this invention to provide a body supporting
structure of reduced weight utilizing a liquid medium.
It is another object of this invention to provide a lightweight
water bed.
And yet another object of this invention is to provide a water bed
that uses a reduced volume of water.
And yet still another object of this invention is to provide a
water bed having a reduced liquid volume without sacrificing the
sensation to the body of a completely liquid filled bed.
In accordance with these and other objects which will be apparent
hereinafter, the instant invention will now be described with
particular reference to the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective, cross-sectional view of Applicant's
invention.
FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of Applicant's
invention.
FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an alternate
embodiment of Applicant's invention.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the inner cells utilized in an
alternate embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of tubular cells utilized in an
alternate embodiment of Applicant's invention.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
Referring now to the drawings, and in particular to FIG. 1,
Applicant's body support structure is shown generally at 10
comprising a flexible, fluid impermeable envelope 12 which is
partially filled with a suitable liquid 14 (such as water), the
remainder of the envelope volume being displaced by a plurality of
fluid impervious cells 16 (not all marked for clarity), each cell
16 containing a gaseous substance such as air. The encapsulating
surface of each cell 16 may be flexible or rigid, but with
sufficient gas pressure inside to prevent collapse from exterior
liquid pressure or wall strength to withstand vacuum implosive
forces and external liquid pressure. The cells 16 are distributed
throughout the envelope in significant numbers to reduce the total
weight of the support 10 without reducing the liquid supporting
characteristics. The flexible envelope 12 is shaped as a
rectangular box similar to a standard mattress. An intake valve 20
provides for the filling of the envelope 12 with liquid 14 and air
cells 16 while exhaust valve 18 permits air trapped in envelope 12
to escape during the filling of the envelope, or allows emptying of
the envelope 12 of liquid and cells 16. The cells 16 being lighter
than the liquid volume being displaced, will tend to collect in the
upper portion of the envelope.
FIG. 2 shows support structure 10 with spheroid-shaped cells 16 (in
cross-section) within envelope 12, with liquid 14 filling the
envelope 12. The inside 30 of cells 16 are filled with a gaseous
substance such as air. Each cell 16 displaces a volume of liquid,
thereby reducing overall weight of the supporting structure 10.
FIGS. 3 and 4 show an alternate embodiment of Applicant's invention
in which the air encapsulating cells are hemispheres 22 fixed to a
flat sheet 24. The envelope 12 may contain several layers of sheets
24, again dependent upon the desired weight. The sheet 24 prevents
movement of the cells 22 in a lateral direction relative to each
other. The sheets are placed inside the envelope during the
manufacture of the envelope. Also, the sheets may have hemispheres
on each side. The best material for construction of the sheets and
hemispheres is polyethylene thin film, which is light weight,
flexible but strong.
In FIG. 5, air-filled PVC or polyethylene tubes provide another
embodiment for encapsulating air for use inside the envelope 12.
The tubes may be wrapped in small bundles by a cord 28, and are
inserted during the manufacture of the envelope.
In the preferred embodiment, the spheroid encapuled air cells 16 of
FIG. 1 are preferably composed of fluid impervious styrofoam beads,
with each bead having hundreds of individual, non-connected, fluid
impervious air cells. The beads are small enough to be introduced
into the envelope 12 through intake valve 20 whenever the
supporting structure is ready for use.
In an alternate embodiment the gaseous filled cells may be replaced
by rigid boundary cells that are partially or totally evacuated of
all matter, thus placing the cell interior under partial or total
vacuum. As long as boundary material is lightweight, the effect
would be equivalent to the air filled cells.
The envelope 12 is made from a tough but flexible fluid impermeable
plastic film, the thickness being a function of the expected body
weights anticipated and the maximum forces expected. In the
preferred embodiment a 20 gauge PVC film is utilized. An alternate
embodiment could employ a two sided vinyl coated fabric, such as
that manufactured under the tradename of "HERCULITE". The envelope
is constructed from sheets of film electronically heat sealed
together at their perimeters in the desired shape.
The shape of the flexible envelope 12 will depend on the intended
use which may include pillow, cushion for hard surfaces, mattress,
bed or any support structure that may be used for supporting the
body for sleeping, reclining, seating or the like. Although water
has been shown as the medium, any suitable, non-solublizing liquid
could be used, even one lighter than water for reducing the weight
further. In order to prevent the internal cells from excaping
during liquid filling or evacuating of the envelope, filters or
screens which permit air and liquid flow through are utilized in
the intake and exhaust valves.
Thus, Applicant has shown a water bed in which encapsulated gas
displaces an equal volume without altering the secondary
characteristics of the bed.
The instant invention has been shown and described herein in what
is considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment. It
is recognized, however, that departures may be made therefrom
within the scope of the invention and that obvious modifications
will occur to a person skilled in the art.
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