U.S. patent number 3,746,853 [Application Number 05/233,674] was granted by the patent office on 1973-07-17 for light emitting devices.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Bell Canada-Northern Electric Research Limited. Invention is credited to Louis-Philippe Boivin, Dennis Effer, Karel Jan Williams Kosman.
United States Patent |
3,746,853 |
Kosman , et al. |
July 17, 1973 |
LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES
Abstract
Light emitting arrays in which the light source is positioned
between two opposed reflector surfaces. The light from the source
is reflected back past the source by a first reflector and then
re-reflected by a second reflector back past the light source to
the first reflector. A very thin assembly is obtained. The
arrangement is particularly suitable for light emitting diodes and
can be used for character displays.
Inventors: |
Kosman; Karel Jan Williams
(Ottawa, Ontario, CA), Boivin; Louis-Philippe
(Ottawa, Ontario, CA), Effer; Dennis (Ottawa,
Ontario, CA) |
Assignee: |
Bell Canada-Northern Electric
Research Limited (Ottawa, Ontario, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
22878230 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/233,674 |
Filed: |
March 10, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
362/301; 362/800;
362/812 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G09F
9/33 (20130101); Y10S 362/812 (20130101); Y10S
362/80 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G09F
9/33 (20060101); F21v 007/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;240/41.35,46.55,41.35D,46.01,46.33,46.45 ;313/117,18D |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Matthews; Samuel S.
Assistant Examiner: Sheer; Richard M.
Claims
1. A light emitting device for producing widely diffused light
comprising:
a substantially planar substrate having a reflecting surface
thereon;
a semiconductor light emitting element mounted on the reflecting
surface of said substrate, said light emitting element emitting
light laterally in a direction parallel to said substrate and
forwardly in a direction normal to said substrate;
a body of encapsulating material enclosing said light emitting
element, said body of encapsulating material having a front surface
and at least one side surface, said side surface being tapered
inwardly from said substrate to said front surface;
a layer of reflecting material on the side surface of said body of
encapsulating material for reflecting the laterally emitted light
from said light emitting device downwardly onto the reflecting
surface of said substrate;
a layer of reflecting material on a portion of the front surface of
said body of encapsulating material, said layer of reflecting
material on said portion of said front surface being substantially
in alignment with said light emitting element and being tapered
inwardly from said front surface toward the reflecting surface of
said substrate to reflect the forwardly directed light downwardly
onto the reflecting surface of said substrate;
the remaining portion of the front surface of said body of
encapsulating material being light emitting to allow emission of
the light reflected by the reflecting surface of said
substrate.
2. A light emitting device as claimed in claim 1, said inwardly
tapered layer of reflecting material on said portion of said front
surface comprising two intersecting reflecting surfaces.
3. A light emitting device as claimed in claim 1 including an
electrical conductor pattern on said substrate, the reflecting
surface of said substrate comprising part of said electrical
conductor pattern.
Description
This invention relates to light emitting devices, and in particular
though not exclusively to light emitting devices as integers of a
display, for example for displaying numerals, letters and symbols,
and also to such displays.
Various forms of devices are used for the display of numerals,
letters and symbols in the so-called "match-stick" style or code.
It has been proposed to use a small filament lamp for such a
device. The light from a lamp is directed to a parabolic reflector,
which reflects the light back past the lamp to issue from a viewing
face. Because of the shape of the reflector and other requirements
such as a device is relatively large, being of a substantial
thickness in the direction of light emission from the size of the
display. There is also the associated disadvantage of the
relatively high power consumption of a filament lamp. Light
emitting diodes have also been used, either with a plurality of the
diodes extending for the form of the segment, for example side by
side, or with a diode mounted at the focus point of a parabolic
reflector. The use of a plurality of diodes not only negates the
low power consumption of individual diodes but may increase the
power consumption above that of a filament lamp. Using a diode with
a parabolic reflector means that the device has substantial
thickness.
The present invention provides a device which is thin, has a very
low power consumption and permits a reduction in the number of
light sources. In the broadest aspect the invention provides a
light emitting device comprising a semiconductor light emitting
element or diode having a reflector on a first side and a
reflective surface on a second side, light from the element being
reflected by the reflector to the reflective surface and then
reflected back past the element and reflector by the reflective
surface. Particularly there is provided a light emitting device
having a substrate onto which is positioned a reflective layer. The
reflective layer may be diffusing, and is substantially flat. The
light emitting element is mounted on the reflective layer and a
reflector positioned over the element such that light from the
element first passes to the reflector, the reflector reflecting the
light back to the reflecting layer. A light transmitting
encapsulating material encapsulates the element and the reflective
surface and the light is further reflected by the reflective layer
through the encapsulating material to issue from a viewing surface
thereof.
For a segment of a display array, the reflector is arranged
symmetrical to the element and has two portions arranged to reflect
the light from the element back past the element, on either side of
the element. The reflective layer is flat and again reflects the
light back past the element to form a lighted segment on either
side of the element. Conveniently the device is encapsulated with a
black or non-light transmitting outer portion or frame and the
light transmitting material within the frame. The reflector can be
mounted on the encapsulating material.
A display array is composed of a plurality of devices arranged in a
predetermined pattern to meet the display requirements. The shape
of individual devices can be varied to provide for effective
assembly of the array.
The invention will be readily understood by the following
description of certain embodiments, by way of example, in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a device;
FIG. 2 is a cross-section on the line II--II of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a display using devices in accordance with
the invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates the conductor pattern and circuit for the
arrangement of FIG. 3; and
FIG. 5 illustrates one form of multi-digit display using devices in
accordance with the present invention.
As seen in FIGS. 1 and 2 a light emitting device 10 comprises a
substrate 11 having a conducting layer or pattern 12 on which is
mounted a semiconductor light emitting diode 13, hereinafter
referred to as an LED, for example a gallium phosphide chip
providing a p-n junction in the known manner. In addition to acting
as a conductor the layer 12 serves as a reflective layer as will be
described. The LED 13 is encapsulated in a light transmitting
plastic material 14. The encapsulating material is formed to
provide sloping sides 15, the sides inclined upwardly and inwardly
relative to the substrate 11 and the LED 13. Immediately over the
LED 13 the encapsulating material is shaped as a trough 16 having
sides 17 which incline upwards and outwards relative to the LED 13,
being on either side of the axis of the LED. A flat top surface 18
acts as the surface through which light is emitted.
A layer of reflecting material 19 is formed on each of the sides 15
and 17 so that a reflector is formed entirely around the periphery
of the encapsulating material. On energization of the LED 13 light
is emitted from the top 20 of the LED and from the sides 21. The
light emitted from the top is reflected downwardly and outwardly to
the layer 12. Layer 12, which conveniently is slightly diffusing,
reflects the light upwards and light will issue through the surface
18 on either side of the trough 16. Some light will be reflected by
the layer 12 upwardly and outwardly for further reflection by the
reflecting layer 19. Also light emitted from the sides 21 will be
reflected by the layer 19, in this instance downwards toward the
reflective layer 12, and then upwards. The angles of the various
sides 15 and 17 are chosen so that the distribution of the light
emission from the surface 18 is approximately even to provide an
appearance of uniform illumination at differing viewing angles. A
typical value for angle .theta., the inclination of the sides 15,
is approximately 74.degree., and for angle .phi., the inclination
of the sides 17 of the trough 16, is approximately 32.degree.. Any
light emitted from the LED 13 is reflected repeatedly until it
issues through the surface 18. The encapsulating material 14 is
usually of clear plastic material, which can be coloured and can
also contain a small addition of a light diffusing filler. Paths of
rays are indicated by lines 22.
The reflecting layer 12, as previously stated, is conveniently part
of the conducting layer or pattern for the LED 13 and, for example,
is of gold.
FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a single light emitting device which can
be used whenever a lighted device is required. Although shown as
having the LED 13 mounted centrally with light issuing through two
areas, one on each side of the central trough 16, the LED can be
mounted at one end of a device to present one lighted area.
Further, the particular shape of the device and particularly the
shape or shapes of the area or areas through which light issues can
be varied to suit requirements.
FIG. 3 illustrates an array or display using light emitting devices
in accordance with the present invention, the array being one which
can be arranged to produce characters, in the present example
figures. As shown, a plurality of devices 30 are arranged in the
form of a rectangle with a central transverse bar. The positions of
the LEDs are indicated by the dotted circles 31 while the surfaces
through which light issues are indicated at 32. A decimal point is
produced by a device 33 which is single ended, that is, the LED
indicated by the dotted circle 34 is at one end of the device, the
light issuing surface indicated at 35. By suitable energization of
particular LEDs it will be seen that figures and letters can be
produced.
An array, as for example illustrated in FIG. 3, is made as a
complete unit. For example the individual devices 30 are themselves
encapsulated in a black plastic material. Either the black material
can be moulded having cavities formed for the eventual filling with
the light transmitting plastic encapsulating the LEDs or,
alternatively, the LEDs are first encapsulated in the light
transmitting plastic to form the individual devices and the devices
are positioned in a mould and the black plastic material moulded
around the devices. If the black material is first moulded, the
reflecting layers 19 are formed by deposition by any suitable
process on the related surfaces before the light transmitting
plastic material is moulded into the black moulding. When the
individual devices are first moulded the reflecting layers 19 are
then deposited on the related surfaces prior to encapulsation into
the black material. Other colours than black can be used, the main
intention being to provide contrast.
The array for a character is generally mounted on a common
substrate, which can be of ceramic for example. The substrate will
then usually form the substrate 11 as in FIG. 1. A plan view of
such a substrate showing the conductor circuitry is illustrated in
FIG. 4. In this figure the devices are not shown, for clarity, but
the positions of the surfaces through which light issues are
indicated at 32, as in FIG. 3. Similarly the positions of the LEDs
are indicated at 31 and 34 as in FIG. 3.
As seen in FIG. 4 the ceramic substrate is at 40. A layer of
conducting material, for example gold, is deposited at 41. The LEDs
31 and 34 are mounted directly onto the gold layer. The conducting
material 41 is deposited in such a pattern that conductors 42 are
formed, separated from the main layer 41 by spaces 43. Connections
are made to the LEDs from the conductor pattern 42 by leads 44. An
MOS decoder/driver 45 is also mounted on the gold layer 41 and is
connected to the conductor pattern 42 by leads 46.
A multiple array is shown in FIG. 5, comprising five character
arrays 50 and a positive, negative and overflow array 51. A fixed
decimal point is provided at 52 but it will be appreciated that a
device for a decimal point can be provided at each character array,
for a movable decimal point.
In the arrays described and illustrated, seven devices are used for
each array. For a larger character size a larger number of devices
can be used, for example nine. Also differing arrangements of the
devices can be used to provide arrays capable of differing or more
complex characters.
Although devices in accordance with the invention have been
described in use for the production of character arrays, other uses
exist for such devices, either used singly or in multiplicity.
Devices can be mounted on a printed circuit board instead of a
ceramic substrate, and can be a component of a printed circuit
device.
The devices in accordance with the invention are very thin. A
character array as in FIGS. 3 and 4 can be produced with overall
dimensions of approximately 0.25 ins. .times. 0.20 ins. and with a
thickness from the substrate of approximately 0.020 ins. Individual
devices have overall dimensions of approximately 0.120 ins. .times.
0.050 ins. by 0.020 ins. thick. These devices in accordance with
the invention are thinner than conventional devices. The use of
LEDs reduces the power requirements as compared with conventional
devices, using other forms of light source. What 1s claimed is:
* * * * *