U.S. patent number 3,746,814 [Application Number 05/209,772] was granted by the patent office on 1973-07-17 for finger actuated surgical electrode holder.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Sybron Corporation. Invention is credited to William T. Bross, Ray R. Lackey.
United States Patent |
3,746,814 |
Lackey , et al. |
July 17, 1973 |
FINGER ACTUATED SURGICAL ELECTRODE HOLDER
Abstract
A surgical electrode holder is provided with an improved finger
pressure operated switch that also incorporates an electrode
gripping collet. The collet, which is electrically connected to the
control circuit for a radio frequency generator, extends through
and slides within a metal pipe. An annular switch element having
solid ends and a number of metal strips extending between the ends
is mounted coaxial to and surrounding the metal pipe by insulating
supports at each end of the switch element. The switch element is
encased and protected by a stock into which the metal pipe is
inserted, a nose piece in front of the pipe and a rubber tube which
surrounds the annular switch element and extends from the stock to
the nose piece. The radio frequency generator is activated by
squeezing the rubber tube to depress one or more of the metal
strips, which are electrically connected to the control circuit for
the generator and to the output terminal of the generator, and make
contact with the metal pipe.
Inventors: |
Lackey; Ray R. (Madeira,
OH), Bross; William T. (Cincinnati, OH) |
Assignee: |
Sybron Corporation (Rochester,
NY)
|
Family
ID: |
22780210 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/209,772 |
Filed: |
December 20, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
200/505; 200/283;
606/42; 607/150 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B
18/1402 (20130101); A61B 18/14 (20130101); A61B
2018/00928 (20130101); H01H 2300/014 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61B
18/14 (20060101); A61B 18/00 (20060101); H01h
009/06 (); A61b 017/36 () |
Field of
Search: |
;200/157,86R,159B,61.57,61.85,DIG.2,166J
;128/406,303.1,303.13,303.14,303.15,303.16,303.17 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Schaefer; Robert K.
Assistant Examiner: Vanderhye; Robert A.
Claims
We claim:
1. A normally open switch for a hand tool comprising:
a. an inner conductive member;
b. an annular switch element having a larger diameter than the
inner conductive member and comprising:
i. a sheet having solid ends and slots extending between the ends
that define flexible, resilient conductive strips extending between
the ends, said sheet being formed from flat stock and curved into
an annular shape; and
ii. retaining rings secured to each end of said sheet that maintain
said annular shape; and
c. supports at both ends of the annular switch element which locate
the switch element coaxial with and surrounding the inner
conductive member, whereby the switch is closed by depressing at
least one of the flexible conductive strips to make contact with
the inner conductive member.
2. A normally open switch for a hand tool comprising:
a. an inner conductive member;
b. an annular switch element having a larger diameter than the
inner conductive member and comprising a plurality of rings and a
plurality of flexible, resilient conductive strips extending
between the rings;
c. supports at both ends of the annular switch element which locate
the switch element coaxial with and surrounding the inner
conductive member, whereby the switch is closed by depressing at
least one of the flexible conductive strips to make contact with
the inner conductive member, at least one of said supports having a
small end and a larger portion adjacent said small end, said
annular switch element being slidably mounted on the small end of
the support, with a gap between the annular switch element and the
larger portion of the support;
d. one end of the inner conductive member being inserted in a stock
and the other end of the inner conductive member having a nose
piece attached thereto, said nose piece and said stock having a
diameter greater than the diameter of the annular switch element,
whereby the switch element is protected from damage and accidental
closure by the stock and the nose piece; and
e. a flexible non-conductive tube surrounding the annular switch
element and extending from the stock to the nose piece, said
flexible tube being supported by the larger portion of the support,
whereby the flexible tube does not prevent longitudinal movement of
the switch element in said gap.
3. A surgical electrode holder comprising:
a. an inner conductive member;
b. an annular switch element having a larger diameter than the
inner conductive member and comprising a plurality of rings and a
plurality of flexible, resilient conductive strips extending
between said rings, said strips having outwardly bowed central
portions that are farther away from the inner conductive member
than the ends of the conductive strips are;
c. supports at both ends of the annular switch element which locate
the switch element coaxial to and surrounding the inner conductive
member; and
d. means connecting the inner conductive member and the annular
switch element to the control circuit of an electro-surgical
generator, whereby said generator is activated by depressing at
least one of said strips to make contact with the inner conductive
member.
4. A surgical electrode holder according to claim 3 wherein the
annular switch element is slidably mounted on at least one of said
supports, whereby at least one end of the switch element is free to
move longitudinally when the strips are depressed.
5. A surgical electrode holder comprising:
a. an inner conductive member;
b. an annular switch element having a larger diameter than the
inner conductive member and comprising:
i. a sheet having solid ends and slots extending between said ends
that define a plurality of flexible, resilient conductive strips
extending between said ends, said sheet being formed from flat
stock and curved into an annular shape; and
ii. retaining rings secured to each end of the sheet to maintain
said annular shape;
c. supports at both ends of the annular switch element which locate
the switch element coaxial to and surrounding the inner conductive
member; and
d. means connecting the inner conductive member and the annular
switch element to the control circuit of an electrosurgical
generator, whereby said generator is activated by depressing at
least one of said strips to make contact with the inner conductive
member.
6. A surgical electrode holder comprising:
a. an inner conductive member;
b. an annular switch element having a larger diameter than the
inner conductive member and comprising a plurality of rings and a
plurality of flexible, resilient conductive strips extending
between said rings;
c. supports at both ends of the annular switch element which locate
the switch element coaxial to and surrounding the inner conductive
member;
d. a stock behind the annular switch element and a nose piece in
front of the switch element, said stock and said nose piece having
a diameter larger than the annular switch element, whereby the
switch element is protected by the stock and the nose piece;
and
e. means connecting the inner conductive member and the annular
switch element to the control circuit of an electrosurgical
generator, whereby said generator is activated by depressing at
least one of said strips to make contact with the inner conductive
member.
7. A surgical electrode holder according to claim 6 further
comprising a flexible non-conductive tube surrounding the annular
switch element and extending from said stock to said nose
piece.
8. A surgical electrode holder according to claim 7 wherein:
a. at least one of said supports has a small end and a larger
portion adjacent said small end;
b. the annular switch element is slidably mounted on the small end
of the support;
c. a gap is provided between the annular switch element and the
larger portion of the support; and
d. said flexible tube is supported by the larger portion of the
support, whereby the flexible tube does not prevent longitudinal
movement of the switch element in said gap.
9. A surgical electrode holder comprising:
a. a hollow, conductive tube;
b. a conductive collet rod extending through and adapted to slide
within said hollow tube, said collet rod having a front end split
into a plurality of jaws adapted to grip a surgical electrode
inserted therein and a rear end that extends through the hollow
tube;
c. an annular switch element having a larger diameter than the
hollow tube and comprising a plurality of rings and a plurality of
flexible resilient conductive strips extending between said
rings;
d. supports at both ends of the annular switch element which locate
the switch element coaxial to and surrounding the hollow tube;
and
e. means connecting the collet rod and the annular switch element
to the control circuit of an electrosurgical generator, said hollow
tube being connected to the control circuit through said collet
rod, whereby said generator is activated by depressing at least one
of said strips to make contact with the hollow tube.
10. A surgical electrode holder according to claim 9 wherein the
electrical connection from the control circuit to the collet rod is
made through a spring contact past which the rear end of the collet
rod slides.
11. A surgical electrode holder according to claim 10 wherein:
a. said collet rod extends through a stock;
b. a cap is detachably mounted on said stock;
c. said cap and said stock define an electrical connection cavity
in the holder at a location remote from the annular switch element;
and
d. said spring contact is mounted in said cavity.
12. A surgical electrode holder according to claim 11 further
comprising:
a. a duct extending through said stock to said electrical
connection cavity; and
b. an electrical conductor attached to the annular switch element,
and extending through said duct into said electrical connection
cavity.
13. A combination normally open switch and gripping collet for a
hand tool comprising:
a. a hollow conductive member;
b. an electrically conductive collet rod extending through and
adapted to slide within the hollow conductive member, said collet
having a front end that is divided into a plurality of jaws adapted
to grip an object inserted into the jaws and a rear end that
extends through the hollow conductive member;
c. an annular switch element comprising a plurality of flexible,
resilient conductive strips adjacent to but normally displaced from
the hollow conductive member; and
d. means for connecting the annular switch element and the
conductive collet rod to an electrical circuit, whereby said
electrical circuit is completed by depressing at least one of the
flexible resilient conductive strips to make contact with the
hollow conductive member.
14. A combination switch and collet according to claim 13 wherein
the means for electrically connecting said electrical circuit to
the collet rod comprises a spring contact past which the rear end
of the collet slides.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a hand tool, and more particularly to a
holder for surgical electrodes.
Radio frequency current is used in a number of surgical techniques,
including cutting, cauterizing and the like. A variety of systems
for supplying the radio frequency current have been developed. In
some, a control circuit which activates the electro-surgical
generator is completed when the electrode contacts the body. Simple
electrode holders can be used with this type of system, but this
type of system does not allow the surgeon to position the electrode
and be sure that he has it where he wants it before he applies the
current.
Another type of system utilizes a foot switch to activate the
generator. However, with this type of system the surgeon must
coordinate his hand and foot movements. In addition, the foot
switch limits the surgeon's freedom of movement, may require him to
assume somewhat awkward positions, and requires him to keep track
of the switch, all of which can detract from his overall
efficiency.
A number of attempts have been made to produce a satisfactory
electrode holder with a finger actuated switch in the holder
itself. However, most of these holders have been too bulky and/or
have required the surgeon to place his hand in a particular
position on the electrode holder. Due to the differences in
physicians' physiques and operating techniques, a switch that was
properly positioned for one physician would require another to
place his hand in an awkward position. Another drawback of most
prior art electrode holders with finger switches was that they were
difficult to clean. Standard hospital practice for cleaning objects
such as these holders is to sterilize them by autoclaving or the
like. Most electrode holders with built in switches have had
crevices or pockets which made them difficult to clean
properly.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,089,496 to Degelman discloses a surgical electrode
holder which is superior to most prior art electrode holders in
that the switch may be closed by finger pressure at any point
around an annular metal clip which is divided by slots into four
resilient metal leaves. However, the flexibility of these leaves
varies across the width of each leaf. Thus, the amount of pressure
needed to close the switch varies from point to point around the
holder. As a result, the surgeon may accidentally close the switch
too soon if he applies pressure at a particularly flexible spot or,
conversely, fail to close the switch if he applies the pressure at
a stiffer point. In addition, since only one end of the leaves is
supported, they must be rather short. Thus, the physician's choice
of hand positions is still somewhat limited.
The exposed nature of Degelman's switch element leads to certain
other drawbacks. Pockets which are rather difficult to clean are
created and the exposed electrical contacts are subject to
corrosion during cleaning. In addition, since the switch element is
exposed and is only supported at one end, the clip must be rather
rugged to prevent accidental closure and/or damage to the switch
element from accidental bumps or the like. This limits the amount
of flexibility which can be built into the switch, which in turn
means that the leaves must be fairly close to the metal ring with
which they make contact. As a result, fairly close manufacturing
tolerances must be maintained in order to avoid excessive
variations in the amount of pressure needed to operate the
switch.
It is an object of this invention to provide a surgical electrode
holder with a relatively long switching area containing a finger
actuated switch that may be operated by approximately the same
pressure at any spot within the switching area. Another object is
to provide a surgical electrode holder with a finger pressure
operated switch which is completely encased to prevent damage to
the switch, accidental closure of the switch, corrosion of the
switch during cleaning operations and to provide a holder with a
smooth outer surface that facilitates cleaning.
Still another object of this invention is to combine a finger
operated switch with a spring loaded gripping collet. Different
electro-surgical techniques require a variety of different
electrodes. Thus, it is desirable to have rapid and easy
interchangeability of the electrodes. U.S. Pat. No. 3,494,364 to
Peters and U.S. Pat. No. 3,532,095 to Miller et al. disclose
surgical electrode holders with spring loaded collets which
facilitate replacement of the electrodes. However, neither of these
holders incorporate a hand switch. Thus, they can only be used with
systems utilizing an automatically activated generator or a
generator activated by a foot switch. It is an object of this
invention to provide a simple compact electrode holder combining a
finger pressure switch with a spring loaded collet.
Other objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent
from the following description.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention provides a switch in which one of the contacts is an
inner conductive member such as a metal pipe. An annular switch
element having a larger diameter than the inner conductive member
is mounted coaxial to and surrounding the inner conductive member.
The annular switch element has a plurality of flexible, resilient
conductive strips which are preferably attached at each end to a
solid ring. The conductive strips are normally displaced from the
inner conductive member. When one or more of the flexible resilient
conductive strips are depressed to make contact with the inner
conductive member, the electrical circuit is completed.
In the preferred embodiment of this invention, the electrical
connections to the inner conductive member are made through a
collet rod which extends through and slides within the conductive
member. The front end of the collet is split into several sections
to form jaws which are adapted to grip an object, such as a
surgical electrode inserted in the jaws. The rear end of the collet
extends beyond the conductive member and the electrical connection
to this collet is made by a spring contact past which the rear end
of the collet slides.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of one embodiment of this
invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional side view of the embodiment shown in FIG.
1.
FIG. 3 is a cross section taken along lines 3--3 of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a detail view of a partially completed switch element for
the holder shown in the other figures.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional side view taken along lines 5--5 of
FIG. 3.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The preferred embodiment of this invention has a stock 11 into
which is threaded a short metal pipe 12. An annular switch element,
generally referred to as 13, is supported coaxial to and
surrounding the metal pipe by an insulating spacer ring 14 slidably
mounted on pipe 12 and by a shoulder 15 on stock 11.
Switch element 13 is formed by cutting away portions of a flat
metal sheet, a detail view of which is shown in FIG. 4, to form
slots 16 which define a plurality of flexible, resilient metal
strips 17 that extend between the solid ends 18 of the sheet. The
sheet is then bent around a mandrel into an annular shape and
retaining rings 19 are slipped over both ends of the sheet and
soldered thereto. These retaining rings maintain the annular shape
of the switch element.
The switch element is enclosed by stock 11; by a plastic nose piece
20 which slips over and is adhesively bonded to a metal sleeve 21,
which in turn is threaded onto the front end of metal pipe 12; and
by a rubber tube 22 which surrounds the annular switch element and
extends from the stock to the nose piece. Also incorporated in the
stock are means, which will be described in greater detail below,
for electrically connecting the metal pipe and the annular switch
element to the leads from the control circuit for a radio frequency
electro-surgical generator. The surgeon activates the generator by
squeezing rubber tube 22 to depress one or more of the metal strips
17 to make contact with the metal pipe 12.
As can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, the metal strips 17 have outwardly
bowed central portions 23 that are farther away from the metal pipe
12 than the ends of the metal strips are. As a result, the pressure
needed to operate the switch is approximately the same along the
entire length of the switching area.
When the metal strips 17 of the switch element are bowed out in
this manner, at least one end of the switch should be free to move
longitudinally. If this freedom is not provided, the strips will
have a tendency to remain down after they are depressed and keep
the switch from opening.
In the illustrated embodiment, freedom is provided by slidably
mounting the switch element on the retaining ring 14 and the
shoulder 15 on the stock. As is best shown in FIG. 5, both the ring
and the shoulder are stepped to provide small ends 24, 25 and
adjacent larger portions 26, 27 that are at least as large as the
ends of the switch element 13. The ends of the switch element are
slidably mounted on the small end 24 of spacer ring 14 and the
small end 25 of shoulder 15. The adjacent larger portions 26 and 27
support the rubber tube 22. Gaps 28, 29 are provided between the
ends of switch element 13 and the larger portions 26, 27 of the
spacer ring and shoulder. These gaps provide room for longitudinal
movement of the end of the switch element. Since the rubber tube 22
is supported by the larger portions of the spacer ring and
shoulder, the tube does not prevent movement of the switch element
in gaps 28 and 29.
Since the metal strips 17 are supported at both ends, the desired
spacing between the strips and the metal pipe can be maintained
despite the fact that the strips are relatively long and narrow and
are quite flexible. As a result, a relatively long switching area
is provided and the pressure needed to operate the switch is
approximately the same around the entire periphery of the switching
area. Thus, the surgeon is not forced to adapt his grip to fit the
switch. In addition, since the strips are long and flexible, they
can be spaced a reasonable distance away from the metal pipe. Thus,
a reasonably uniform operating pressure can be achieved without
extremely close manufacturing tolerances.
The number, width, length and thickness of the strips may be varied
to suit a number of different manufacturing techniques as long as
enough strips are provided so that the pressure required to operate
the switch remains fairly uniform around the periphery of the
switching area. For most methods of manufacture, as the number of
strips is reduced the manufacturing cost will be reduced somewhat.
However, a point is eventually reached where excessive variations
in the operating pressure will occur. For the manufacturing
technique described above, we have found that a satisfactory
balance of these practical consideration is achieved when the
switch element has at least seven strips which are separated from
each other by slots approximately as wide as the strips.
The pressure needed to operate the switch can be modified easily by
changing the width, thickness, and/or the length of the strips.
Thus, a variety of switch elements may be provided so that each
surgeon can have a holder which operates at the pressure that suits
him best.
Since the switch element is protected by the nose piece and stock,
both of which are larger in diameter than the switch element, the
chances of accidentally closing the switch and/or damaging the
switch element are reduced. In addition, since the switch element
is enclosed within the holder by the nose piece, stock and rubber
tube the possibility of corrosion of the switch element during
cleaning is reduced; and a smooth, easily cleaned outer surface is
provided. The stock and nose piece are preferably made of a heat
resistant plastic which will withstand the temperatures encountered
during autoclaving. Similarly, the rubber tube is preferably made
of a material such as silicone rubber which will withstand these
temperatures. In order to insure that the switch is hermetically
sealed within the holder, a sealant such as an epoxy or silicone
adhesive may be used at the interfaces between the nose piece and
rubber tube and between the stock and rubber tube.
The electrical connection to metal pipe 12 is made through a
conductive collet 30 which extends through and slides within the
metal pipe. The front end of the collet is split into four
outwardly bowed jaws 31 that are adapted to grip an electrode 32
inserted into the jaw. Ceramic or hard rubber insulation 33 may be
provided on the electrode to reduce the chances that the surgeon
will accidentally contact the electrode.
The rear end of collet 30 extends through a stepped bore 34 in
stock 11. A release button 35 is screwed on the rear end of the
collet. A spring 36 in the larger end of stepped bore 34 bears
against the release button 35 and biases the collet towards the
rear of the holder. This presses jaws 31 against a conical bearing
surface 37 within the metal sleeve 21 attached to the front of pipe
12 and thereby compresses the jaws against the electrode.
Electrical connection to the collet is made through a spring
contact 38 mounted in a stepped opening 39 that extends from the
bottom of stock 11 through to the stepped bore 34 containing the
collet. This opening is sealed and access to the electrical
connections is provided by a cap 40 secured to stock 11 by a screw
41 that extends through a boss 42 in the cap 40 and into a boss 43
in the stock.
A generally U shaped lip 44, extending from the front of the cap to
boss 42, slides into the larger portion of the stepped opening 39
in the stock. Sealant may be applied to the outer surfaces of lip
44 and/or the inside of stepped opening 39 to provide a better
seal. The sealant should be a material which does not harden
appreciably with age so that the cap may be removed to provide
access to the electrical connections. The space enclosed by the cap
is divided by an insulator 45, the edges of which rest on the
annular shoulder 46 of stepped opening 39. The insulator separates
spring contact 38 from the electrical connections to switch element
13, thereby reducing the chances of accidental short circuits. In
addition, the insulator provides a water barrier that helps keep
the electrical leads and connections and switch element 13 dry,
which helps to prevent deterioration of these elements. Sealant may
be provided between the insulator 45 and shoulder 46 to keep the
space between the insulator and the cap as dry as possible. Again,
a sealant which does not harden with age is preferred.
The spring contact 38, which is in sliding contact with collet rod
30, is mounted to stock 11 by a screw 47 which extends through
insulator 45, through the spring contact 38, and into the annular
shoulder 46. Spring contact 38 is mounted between the annular
shoulder and the insulator. The end 48 of the spring contact
extends around the insulator and the head of screw 47 into the
space between the insulator and cap. This end may be bent up to
provide access to screw 47 or bent down into the position shown in
FIG. 2 to provide additional room for making electrical connections
to the contact.
Electrical connection to the flexible strips 17 of the annular
switch element 13 are made through a tab 49, best seen in FIG. 4,
extending from the sheet that is bent to form the switch element. A
wire 50 is attached to tab 49 and extends through a duct 51 through
stock 11 that opens into the space between insulator 45 and cap
40.
The mating surfaces of the rear of cap 40 and stock 11 define a
stepped bore 52 extending inwardly from the rear of the electrode
holder. A flexible rubber collar 53 in bore 52 supports and seals a
cable 54 which is connected to the electro-surgical generator (not
shown). Two leads 55, 56 extend from cable 54 and run through
grooves 57 around the boss 42 on the stock, which provides
additional strain relief for the leads, and into the space between
the cap 40 and insulator 45.
One of the leads 55, which is connected to the control circuit for
the electro-surgical generator and to the radio frequency output
terminal of the generator is connected to the wire 50 attached to
the annular switch element 13. The other lead 56, which is
connected to the control circuit only, is connected to spring
contact 38. When one of the strips 17 of the switch element is
depressed and contacts metal pipe 12, the control circuit is
completed, the generator is activated and radio frequency current
flows through lead 55, wire 50, switch element 13, pipe 12 and
collet 21 to electrode 23.
As can be seen in FIG. 2, locating the electrical connections in
the rear of the holder makes it possible to produce a holder with a
relatively small front end. This makes it easier for the surgeon to
grip and use the holder.
While we have described our invention in connection with a surgical
electrode holder, our novel switch and collet may be used to
advantage in a number of other hand tools. The foregoing
description is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit the
scope of this invention, which is defined by the appended
claims.
* * * * *