U.S. patent number 3,745,938 [Application Number 05/168,565] was granted by the patent office on 1973-07-17 for compactible protective shield.
This patent grant is currently assigned to R. F. Inc.. Invention is credited to Bruce E. Hathaway, Earl W. Huffman, Kevney J. O'Connor.
United States Patent |
3,745,938 |
Hathaway , et al. |
July 17, 1973 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
COMPACTIBLE PROTECTIVE SHIELD
Abstract
A protective shield for personnel use is provided that can be
rolled into a relatively small, light weight and unobtrusive
cylinder, but can be inflated to serve as a unitary shock absorbing
and object deflecting shield. The inflatable structure has a
generally rectangular outline, and substantially parallel front and
rear broad faces of impregnated pile fabric that are relatively
pliant when uninflated but substantially flat as well as stiff when
inflated. A manually actuable gas cartridge device and handles are
attached to the rear face of the shield, which also may include a
viewing aperture covered by a foraminous member. The inflated
shield provides differential distortion between the front and rear
faces under impacting objects, sufficient to protect a person
behind the shield by absorbing, distributing or redirecting the
force of impact without significant deformation or collapse.
Inventors: |
Hathaway; Bruce E. (Richwood,
WV), Huffman; Earl W. (Richwood, WV), O'Connor; Kevney
J. (Newport Beach, CA) |
Assignee: |
R. F. Inc. (Grantsville,
WV)
|
Family
ID: |
22612023 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/168,565 |
Filed: |
August 3, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
109/49.5; 2/2.5;
109/58.5 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41H
5/08 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F41H
5/08 (20060101); F41H 5/00 (20060101); F41h
005/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;109/49.5,58.5,82,80,79
;89/36R,36D ;5/348R ;2/2.5 ;273/55 ;161/404,138 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Taylor; Dennis L.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A compactible shield comprising:
an inflatable body of flexible, gas impervious material, said
material comprising elastomeric impregnated fabric, said body when
inflated having a front face member substantially parallel to a
rear face member, and including internal members joining said front
face member and said rear face member, said front face member
having a covering of at least one layer of flexible impact and
puncture resistant material;
inflating means mounted on said rear face member of said body and
operatively coupled to the interior of said body, said internal
members being nonobstructive to the flow of an inflating gas in
said bag for inflating the regions between said front and rear face
members on opposite sides of said internal members; and
holding means mounted on said rear face member for manually holding
and manipulating the shield.
2. The invention as set forth in claim 1 above, wherein said
covering comprises at least two layers of elastomer impregnated
fabric.
3. The invention as set forth in claim 2 above, wherein said
covering comprises three layers of neoprene coated nylon fabric,
and adhesive means joining said layers, and further comprises cover
layer means of ripstop nylon fabric coated on both sides with
neoprene.
4. The invention as set forth in claim 1 above, including in
addition binder strap means secured to at least one end thereof,
and spaced apart detachable coupling means for the free end of said
binder strap means attached to at least one of the face members of
said body.
5. The invention as set forth in claim 11 above, wherein said
binder strap means comprises a pair of spaced apart straps attached
in the region of one end of said body, and said detachable coupling
means comprises a pair of pads on each of the front and rear face
members at regions spaced from the attachment points of said straps
for detachably securing the free ends of the straps when the body
is compacted and deployed respectively, the detachable couplings
comprising coacting fasteners of the Velcro type.
6. A compactible protective shield comprising:
an inflatable body of flexible, gas impervious material, said
material comprising pile fabric and having a substantially
rectangular outline when inflated, said body when inflated having a
front face member substantially parallel to a rear face member, and
including a mass of pile fibres joining said front and rear face
members, said body further including an interior margin joining
said front and rear face members;
inflating means mounted on said rear face member of said body and
operatively coupled to the interior of said body; and
handle means mounted on said rear face member of said body.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to protective structures for personnel, and
particularly to unobtrusive protective shields that may be readily
deployed for use.
A need exists for a protective structure that can be carried or
stored unobtrusively and conveniently under normal circumstances,
and readily deployed when needed to provide protection against
flying, falling or impacting objects. Protective shields heretofore
used have generally been of rigid construction, and therefore both
relatively heavy and comparatively cumbersome. It is of course
known to provide inflatable chest protectors, and other protective
structures that can be worn, but these generally provide only
limited area protection and are not readily manipulable or
deployable. Inflatable protective elements must have a combination
of resiliency, in order to absorb an impacting shock, and rigidity,
in order to deflect an impacting object without significant
deformation or partial collapse. The walls must also have
sufficient structural integrity to absorb the impacts of relatively
sharp pointed objects without being subject to puncturing while at
the same time having sufficient pliability so that the structure
can be compacted into an unobtrusive, readily stored shape.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The objects and purposes of the present invention are achieved by
an inflatable structure having substantially parallel front and
back broad faces joined around a substantially rectangular
peripheral margin and interiorly connected by gas permeable means.
Rubber impregnated pile fabric having spaced apart front and back
walls serves as the base structure, and may include additional
impact and puncture resistant layers of flexible, pliant material.
A manually actuated gas cartridge and handles are mounted on the
rear broad face. When the gas cartridge is actuated, the interior
gas flow is substantially unobstructed and when the interior is
pressurized the walls are firm, flat and impact resistant. The
shield may include an internal margin defining a viewing aperture,
across which is mounted a foraminous viewing element. Such
structures may be carried as a cylindrical roll, and substantially
immediately extended to the deployed condition. When deployed, the
exposed broad face resiliently yields over a limited area under an
impacting force, cushioning and absorbing the shock or deflecting
the impacting object to the side.
Alternatively or additionally, in accordance with the invention,
roll fasteners may be provided in the form of straps attached to
the front and bottom margins, preferably including fasteners of the
Velcro type and arranged so that the shield can be rolled along its
length in any disposition, and then secured adequately but in a
readily releasable manner. The shield may also incorporate
fasteners positioned near the edges thereof for interconnecting two
or more adjacent shields together to form a protective wall. As
another feature, the shield may include loops for receiving night
sticks or other rigid members forming handles to permit use of the
shield as a stretcher in a horizontal position.
In another arrangement in accordance with the invention, means are
provided for dividing the shield internally into a number of
compartments, with a gas cartridge device being coupled to each of
these compartments through separate conduits and one-way valves, so
that the high velocity impact of a sharp object that may puncture
one of the compartments does not cause deflation of the remainder
of the shield.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A better understanding of the invention may be had by reference to
the following description, taken in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of a
deployable protective shield in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of the shield of FIG. 1,
taken along the lines 2--2 therein and looking in the direction of
the appended arrows;
FIG. 3 is a perspective rear view of the arrangement of FIGS. 1 and
2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a fragment of the
arrangement of FIGS. 1-3;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the shield of FIGS. 1-4, showing
the shield in the compacted position;
FIG. 6 is a rear view of a different arrangement in accordance with
the invention;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a fragment of an
alternative wall construction for the arrangement of FIGS. 1-3;
and
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an alternative form of deployable
shield in accordance with the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring now to FIGS. 1-3, a protective shield 10 for personnel
use comprises an inflatable, resilient body having a front broad
face member 12 and a rear broad face member 14, with a generally
rectangular outline, the longer sides being the vertical sides as
seen in FIGS. 1-3. Although the shield 10 can be used in any
attitude, it will normally be in the orientation shown, and
consequently for convenience the upper and lower edges as seen in
the Figures will be referred to hereafter as the top and bottom of
the structure.
The core structure, as best seen in the fragmentary sectional view
of FIG. 4, comprises a neoprene, rubber or other elastomer
impregnated pile fabric having internal threads 16 joining the
front and rear face members 12, 14, as also seen in FIG. 2. The
internal transverse threads 16 prevent the face members 12, 14 from
tending to separate under the internal pressure and thus distort
from the desired essentially flat configuration. The flat surfaces
are maintained at 6 psi normal inflation pressures.
The peripheral edges of the two face members 12, 14 are joined
together along a continuous peripheral seam so that the outer edge
of the shield 10 is slightly rounded.
An internal viewing aperture near the top of the shield 10 is
defined by an internal rectangular margin 18 provided by joining
the front and rear face members 12, 14 along an appropriate area,
and then cutting out or otherwise excising the included material,
this internal viewing aperture being covered by a transverse
foraminous member such as a screen 20. If greater protection is
desired, the viewing aperture may be covered with glass or
transparent plastic 21 in place of or in addition to the screen 20.
In this example, the front member 12 of the shield 10 is covered by
an attached thickness of material comprising a puncture resistant
and force distributing cover layer 22. A number of interposed
protective layers may also be used for greater protection against
puncturing, as described below. As is well known, internal puncture
sealants may alternatively or additionally be used.
On the back member 14, as best seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, means are
provided for holding and manipulating the shield 10, comprising an
arm loop 24 affixed to the back face by mounting pads 25, and a
spaced apart handle 26 and associated mounting disk 27. Snap
fasteners 28 are used to detachably secure the arm loop 24 to at
least one of the mounting pads 25. Near the bottom of the rear
member 14 is mounted a manually actuable gas cartridge device 30 of
standard commercial type of which many are available. Although only
one cartridge is shown for simplicity, a dual or other multiple
device may be used, in any event including an actuating device,
such as a pull string (not shown in detail), which when pulled
releases gas from the cartridge 30 through a conduit 31 into the
interior of the shield 10. An oral or pump inflatable valve 32
mounted near the bottom of the shield 10 also couples to the
interior of the shield for separate inflation. Three sets of
detachable coupling fasteners 34 are mounted on disks 36 on each
side of the shield. The fasteners are chosen to pair with mating
fasteners at the edges of adjacent shields to permit two or more
shields to be fastened together to form a wall. A cloth cover 39 is
disposed over the gas cartridge to protect against inadvertent
actuation and damage.
To provide the desired combination of resiliency, physical strength
and toughness, and resistance to puncturing, shock and abrasion in
the deployed 153, it has been found advantageous to employ a
commercially available pile fabric known as drop stitch fabric as
the core structure for the shield, as best seen in enlarged
fragmentary view in FIG. 4. Referring to that view, a
unidirectionally extending mass of transverse pile fibers 50
connects opposing parallel face layers 51, 52 which are impregnated
with a synthetic rubber neoprene compound 43, 54, shown enlarged
for greater clarity. One or more layers of neoprene coated ripstop
nylon ballistic material 55 (three layers are illustrated) are
affixed to the front face member 12. These nylon cloth layers 55
are secured by a neoprene base cement 56 which fills between the
warp and fill of the fibers. A cover layer 22 of ripstop nylon
fabric coated on both sides with neoprene is cemented to the nylon
ballistic layers 55 on the front face member 12 of the shield 10
and wraps around partially to the rear of the shield 10. This type
of wall structure, with or without the cover layer 22, has
sufficient body and rigidity when inflated, but is also suitably
flexible and pliant when uninflated.
The configuration of the shield 10 when it is compacted in
cylindrical form is shown in FIG. 5. As seen in FIG. 5, and also in
FIGS. 1-3, a convenient, readily detachable but secure, fastening
means is provided in the form of a pair of straps 40, 41 fastened
to the front face member 12 near the bottom edge of the shield 10.
Pairs of fastener pads 47, 48 are disposed on the front and rear
face members 12, 14, respectively, of the shield, in the region of
the free end of each strap (e.g., the strap 41) when it is on the
corresponding side of face members 12 or 14. The facing surfaces of
these pads 47, 48 and the associated straps 40, 41 may be of a
suitably adherent but nevertheless removable material such as that
sold under the trademark Velcro. Thus, when the shield 10 is
deployed, the straps 40 and 41 are secured neatly to an adjacent
pad 48. When the shield 10 is in the compacted position, it may be
rolled into a cylinder and the exposed straps 40 and 41 may then be
turned around the cylinder and affixed to an aligned Velcro pad 47,
as shown in FIG. 5.
In the operation of the system of FIGS. 1-5, the shield 10 is
carried in the compacted position of FIG. 5 until a need for its
use arises, at which point the straps 40, 41 are removed from the
Velcro pads 47 and the shield is rolled outwardly. Then the
manually actuable cartridge device 30 is operated, quickly
inflating the shield 10 to the deployed condition, the inflation
time being of the order of three seconds. In such state, the shield
is instantaneously ready for use. At an internal pressure of 6 psi
the shield has flat surfaces, resists bending and distortion
against direct and twisting forces, and can easily be
manipulated.
When in use, the shield 10 has a combination of energy absorption
and deflection properties that provide a high degree of security
for the user. The combination of these properties, in a relatively
light weight, compactible structure, is achieved for the first time
in known systems by the present invention. A shield that has faces
that are excessively rigid would tend both to have to be
excessively bulky and heavy and subject to fracture under impacting
force. In addition, such structure would inherently present greater
difficulty with respect to compaction. The face members of shields
in accordance with the invention, however, differentially deform or
distort in response to the impact of an object, distributing the
force of the object over substantially greater exposed areas
without transmitting the shock to the rear wall or the user, so
that the user receives only a cushioned impact. The structural
rigidity of the shield 10 as a whole is such that objects impinging
near the top, bottom, or sides of the shield do not cause bending
or collapsing of the side of the shield, but instead deflect the
objects away from the user. The toughness of the material of the
broad face members 12, 14 is sufficient for the great majority of
instances of use. It is not intended to stop or deflect high
velocity penetrating objects such as bullets or shrapnel with this
structure.
The fasteners 34 attached along the sides may be interconnected to
mate fasteners on adjacent shields 10 to form an emergency barrier.
The snap fastener 28 for the handle 24 provides a safety factor for
the user, in that an excessive external twisting movement will
cause the fastener 28 to release, preventing harm to the user.
Shields in accordance with the invention may be of the order of
1-1/4 inches thick in the above example, and although size may be
varied at will the given example is of a shield 24 inches wide and
approximately 42 inches high. In this size, the shield weighs only
approximately 7 pounds, but withstands punctures from virtually any
thrown object, as well as manually applied forces with virtually no
distortion. At the same time, the shield when inflated has
sufficient buoyancy and stiffness to support the average sized man
when floated.
In a separate example of a shield 10' in accordance with the
invention, referring now to FIG. 6, the principal operative
elements are as previously described. In this arrangement, however,
the interior of the shield 10' is divided into distinct and
separate interior chambers by internal dividing walls 60, 61 and
62. The charging system for inflating the structure utilizes a
cartridge device 30, as previously described, but also employs a
plurality of one-way valves 65, 66, 67, 68 at least one of which is
disposed in association with each of the interior chambers. A
conduit system from the cartridge includes a principal branch 70
and side branches 71, 72, 73 and 74, each of which goes to a
different one of the one-way valves 65-68, respectively. Similar
conduit and valve arrangements may be used in pairs, as shown,
although the arrangement need not be further described. Separate
combination oral and pump valves 78-81 may also be employed for
each of the internal chambers.
In this arrangement, actuation of the gas cartridge device 30
causes the chambers to be filled separately, although virtually
simultaneously, and then in the event that any one of the chambers
is punctured, the remainder of the chambers remain inflated, giving
the user such protection as they afford.
In lieu of the pile fabric 50, 51, 52 used in the example shown in
FIG. 4, and as illustrated in FIG. 7, a commercially available
woven three dimensional cloth may be used. In this arrangement,
loosely woven layers 82 are interwoven with and extend between
spaced apart woven panels 83, 84 in the fashion taught by Koppelman
U.S. Pat. No. 3,048,198. The interconnecting layers 82 are of a
loose porous weave but maintain the panels 83, 84 at a uniformly
spaced distance when the shield is inflated, but allow them to
readily collapse when the shield is not inflated. Because the
layers 82 are loosely woven, gas can readily pass through them
during inflation and deflation. As in the example shown in FIG. 4,
the layers 83, 84 may be impregnated with a synthetic rubber
neoprene compound 53, 54 and the front surface of the shield
supports a puncture resistant barrier comprising three layers of
cemented nylon 55, 56 and a cover layer 22.
As illustrated in FIG. 8, a shield 10 may alternatively or
additionally be fitted with appropriately placed tabs or loops 84
along opposite long sides of the front broad surface face member 12
(or the rear broad surface 14 face member). Three spaced apart
loops 83 are shown adjacent each margin of the shield 10. The loops
84 define apertures for receiving night sticks 86 or other suitable
implements which when placed between adjacent pairs of the loops 83
serve as handles to permit individuals on each side to carry the
shield 10 in a horizontal orientation. When carried in this manner,
the shield 10 is used as a stretcher or personnel support.
Alternatively, an individual may be strapped to the inflated
shield.
Although there have been described various modifications and
variations in accordance with the invention, it will be appreciated
that other modifications and exemplifications may be utilized
within the scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *