U.S. patent number 3,745,786 [Application Number 05/203,555] was granted by the patent office on 1973-07-17 for refrigeration apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Whirlpool Corporation. Invention is credited to James P. Laughlin, Wilfred W. McCullough.
United States Patent |
3,745,786 |
Laughlin , et al. |
July 17, 1973 |
REFRIGERATION APPARATUS
Abstract
A refrigeration apparatus having means defining a compartment
which at least at times is refrigerated to a below-freezing
temperature. Air is returned from this compartment to a
fin-and-tube evaporator by firstly conducting the air over the tube
end turns of the evaporator and then through the passages defined
by the evaporator fins to be refrigerated by heat exchange
relationship therewith. The compartment may comprise a convertible
compartment which, at times, is maintained at an above-freezing
temperature and at times is maintained at a below-freezing
temperature. The apparatus may further include a refrigerator
compartment and a freezer compartment with the air being returned
to different portions of the evaporator from the different
compartments for improved operation of the refrigeration
apparatus.
Inventors: |
Laughlin; James P. (Evansville,
IN), McCullough; Wilfred W. (Evansville, IN) |
Assignee: |
Whirlpool Corporation (Benton
Harbor, MI)
|
Family
ID: |
22754465 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/203,555 |
Filed: |
December 1, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
62/419; 62/414;
62/426 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F25D
17/065 (20130101); F25D 2317/067 (20130101); F25D
2400/06 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F25D
17/06 (20060101); F25d 017/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;62/426,419,414 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wye; William J.
Claims
Having described the invention, the embodiments of the invention in
which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as
follows:
1. In a forced air refrigeration apparatus having means defining a
compartment which may have selectively different humidity
conditions including a high humidity condition, a refrigeration
means including an evaporator having a serpentine tube portion
defining a plurality of end turns and a plurality of fins defining
a plurality of paths for flow of air to be refrigerated in heat
transfer association therewith from an inlet portion at one end of
the evaporator to an outlet portion at the opposite end of the
evaporator, and means for circulating air from said evaporator
outlet portion through said compartment and back to said evaporator
for cooling said compartment to a below-freezing temperature, the
improvement comprising means for causing only low humidity air to
be circulated in heat transfer association with said evaporator
fins comprising means for conducting the air from said compartment
sequentially in heat transfer association with said end turns and
then to said paths defined by said fins, the amount of heat
transfer surface of said end turns contacted by said conducted air
being preselected to effect dehumidification of high humidity
compartment air to convert said air to low humidity air prior to
the conduction thereof into said paths.
2. The refrigeration apparatus of claim 1 wherein said means for
conducting the air from said compartment comprises a wall member
and a divider member cooperating with at least one of said fins to
define a boundary of the flow path for the air over said end
turns.
3. The refrigeration apparatus of claim 1 wherein said means for
conducting the air from said compartment comprises a wall member
and a divider member cooperating with at least one of said fins to
define a boundary of the flow path for the air over said end turns,
said end turns associated with said flow path comprising
approximately 20 percent of the heat exchange means of the
evaporator.
4. The refrigeration apparatus of claim 1 including an accumulator
upstream of the inlet portion of the evaporator, said means for
conducting the air from said compartment being constructed to
conduct the air firstly in heat exchange relationship with the end
turns and then in heat exchange relationship with said accumulator
prior to flow through said paths defined by said fins.
5. In a forced air refrigerator-freezer apparatus having means
defining a below-freezing compartment, an above-freezing
refrigerator compartment, and a compartment convertible selectively
to be an above-freezing refrigerator compartment or a
below-freezing freezer compartment, refrigeration means including
an evaporator having a serpentine tube portion defining a plurality
of end turns and a plurality of fins defining a plurality of paths
for flow of air to be refrigerated in heat transfer association
therewith from an inlet portion at one end of the evaporator to an
outlet portion at the opposite end of the evaporator, and means for
circulating air from said evaporator outlet portion through said
compartments and back to said evaporator, the improvement
comprising:
means for conducting the air fron said convertible compartment
sequentially in heat transfer association with said end turns and
then to said paths defined by said fins.
6. The refrigerator-freezer apparatus of claim 5 wherein said
circulating means causes the air from said refrigerator compartment
to flow primarily through a portion of said plurality of paths
different from the paths through which the air from said
convertible compartment is flowed.
7. The refrigerator-freezer apparatus of claim 5 wherein said
circulating means includes means for delivering the air from said
freezer compartment to a portion of said paths spaced from said
inlet portion of the evaporator.
8. The refrigerator-freezer apparatus of claim 5 wherein said
circulating means causes the air from said refrigerator compartment
to flow primarily through a portion of said plurality of paths
different from the paths through which the air from said
convertible compartment is flowed, and said circulating means
includes means for delivering the air from said freezer compartment
to substantially all of said paths at a location spaced from said
inlet portions of the evaporator.
9. The refrigerator-freezer apparatus of claim 5 wherein said
evaporator is a vertical evaporator and said paths defined by said
fins extend vertically with said inlet portion of the evaporator
lowermost.
10. The refrigerator-freezer apparatus of claim 5 wherein said
evaporator is located in a compartment defined by the rear wall of
the below-freezing compartment and an evaporator cover, said means
for conducting air from said convertible compartment
comprising:
a passage within said evaporator compartment defined by said rear
wall, a side wall of the evaporator compartment, a partition wall
bridging the space between said rear wall and said cover extending
from the top edge of the evaporator compartment to the outlet
portion of the evaporator, and an air divider member cooperating
with at least one of said evaporator fins to form an extension of
said partition wall to the inlet portion of said evaporator to
thereby separate air flowing from said convertible compartment in
heat transfer association with said end turns and air flowing in
heat transfer association with said plurality of paths.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to refrigeration apparatus and in particular
to such apparatus having one or more compartments to be
refrigerated by means of a forced flow of air circulated in heat
exchange relationship with an evaporator.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In the Sigl et al. U.S. Letters Pat. No. 3,411,312, owned by the
assignee hereof, a refrigerator with a convertible compartment is
shown and described as utilizing a forced air system wherein the
air delivered to the different compartments is passed in heat
exchange relationship with a fin and tube evaporator. In the
apparatus thereof, the air is returned from the different
compartments to a common inlet portion of the evaporator after
being passed in heat exchange relationship with an accumulator.
In the Mann et al. U.S. S. Letters Pat. No. 3,027,732, a
refrigerating apparatus is shown to comprise a refrigerator-freezer
apparatus wherein air is circulated in heat exchange relationship
with an evaporator to the refrigerator and freezer compartments. As
shown in FIG. 5 of that patent, the air from the refrigerator
compartment is passed over one end of the evaporator having widely
spaced fins and then successively through second and third portions
of the evaporator having normally closely spaced fins. The air from
the freezer compartment is delivered in heat exchange relationship
only with the third portion of the evaporator.
Additional patents which show refrigeration apparatus related to
the above discussed apparatuses are those of Solley, Jr. U.S. Pat.
No. 3,111,817; Schumacher U.S. Pat. No. 3,126,717; and Frohbieter
U.S. Pat. No. 3,389,575, which is also owned by the assignee
hereof.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention comprehends an improved refrigeration
apparatus wherein air from a freezer compartment is firstly
circulated in heat exchange relationship with the end turns of the
evaporator prior to the delivery thereof to the normal flow path
through the evaporator as defined by the fins. In the specific
embodiment of the invention disclosed herein, the freezer
compartment is a convertible compartment which, at times, may be
maintained at above-freezing temperatures and at other times at
below-freezing temperatures.
The inventio further comprehends the provision of means cooperating
with at least one of the fins at one side of the evaporator to form
a wall means defining a flow passage for conducting the air from
the convertible compartment over the end turns of the evaporator
before delivery thereof to a plurality of normal flow paths defined
by the fins. The air delivered from the end turn flow path is
delivered to a chamber in which the accumulator is located at the
inlet portion of the evaporator. The air from the refrigerator
compartment may be delivered to the same chamber at the opposite
side of the evaporator for flow primarily through a portion of the
plurality of the paths defined by the fins different from the
portion of the plurality of paths defined by the fins through which
the air from the convertible compartment flows. Thus, it has been
found that any tendency to frost over at the inlet to the
evaporator in the paths through which the air from the refrigerator
normally flows will cause this air to tend to flow through the
paths through which the air from the convertible compartment
normally flows. As the air from the convertible compartment is
effectively dehumidified, these latter paths are effectively
maintained open for extended operation of the apparatus before
defrosting thereof is required. The invention further comprehends
returning the freezer compartment air to a location in the paths
defined by the fins spaced from the inlet portion of the evaporator
whereby frosting as a result of the introduction of the low
temperature air into the air returned from the refrigerator
compartment and convertible compartment (particularly when the
convertible compartment is operated as a refrigerator compartment)
is effectively avoided.
The invention comprehends that approximately 20 percent of the heat
exchange surface of the evaporator be located in the end turn flow
path from the convertible compartment for effectively optimum
dehumidification of the air prior to the delivery thereof to the
normal heat exchange paths defined by the fins.
The air flow control means of the present invention is extremely
simple and economical of construction while yet providing the
highly improved operation of the apparatus as discussed above.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent
from the following description taken in connection with the
accompanying drawing wherein:
FIG. 1 is a front elevation of a refrigeration apparatus embodying
the invention, with the doors to the different compartments
omitted;
FIG. 2 is a side elevation with a portion thereof shown in vertical
section;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary enlarged vertical section taken
substantially along the line 3--3 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary section generally similar to that of FIG. 3
but illustrating the air flow upon a partial frosting over of the
inlet portion of the evaporator by the refrigerator air;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary section taken substantially along
the line 5--5 of FIG. 3; and
FIG. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary section taken substantially along
the line 6--6 of FIG. 3.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In the exemplary embodiment of the invention as disclosed in the
drawing, a refrigeration apparatus generally designated 10 is shown
to include a cabinet 11 defining a plurality of compartments to be
refrigerated including an above-freezing temperature refrigerator
compartment 12, a below-freezing temperature freezer compartment
13, and a convertible compartment 14 arranged to be selectively
alternatively refrigerated to either an above-freezing temperature
or a below-freezing temperature so that compartment 14 may
selectively comprise a second refrigerator compartment or a second
freezer compartment as desired. As discussed above, one such
convertible compartment refrigeration apparatus is shown in the
Sigl et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,411,312 owned by the assignee
hereof.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawing, the refrigeration of the
compartments is effected by the flow of refrigerated air
therethrough by a suitable air moving means, such as fan 15. The
circulated air is refrigerated as a result of being passed in heat
exchange relationship with a fin and tube evaporator 16 which is
suitably refrigerated by conventional means, such as apparatus 17
including a conventional compressor 18, condenser 19, refrigerant
supply duct 20, and refrigerant return duct 21. The refrigeration
apparatus functions in the conventional manner to provide
refrigerated refrigerant fluid to the serpentine tube portion 22 of
the evaporator and an accumulator, or header, 23, is provided
between portion 22 and the return duct 21 to collect any liquid
refrigerant which may have passed through tube portion 22 of the
evaporator. As illustrated in FIG. 3, evaporator 16 is further
provided with a plurality of heat conducting fins 24 which are in
heat exchange relationship with the tube 22 and cooperatively
define a plurality of paths 25 through which the air is flowed to
have the desired heat exchange relationship with the evaporator
structure. The evaporator 16 further includes end plates 52 and 53
which support the evaporator and are used to mount the evaporator
within freezer compartment.
In the illustrated embodiment, evaporator 16 comprises a vertical
evaporator disposed behind a rear panel 26 of freezer compartment
13 so that the air flow paths extend vertically upwardly from a
lowermost inlet portion 27 of the evaporator to an uppermost outlet
portion 28 thereof. Fan 15 is disposed upwardly of the outlet
portion 28, as shown in FIG. 3, so as to draw the air through the
evaporator paths 25 and discharge it through suitable air ducts 29
and 30 to the different compartments. As illustrated in FIG. 1, air
is delivered from duct 29 through a grill outlet 31 to the
refrigerator compartment 12, and through a grill outlet 32 to the
convertible compartment 14. The air is delivered from duct 30
through a grill outlet 33 to the freezer compartment 13.
As disclosed in the Sigl, et al. patent, in such a
multiple-compartment refrigeration apparatus, suitable damper
controls may be provided for regulating the air flow so as to
provide selectively the desired temperature conditions in the
different compartments, and more specifically herein, controls 34
are provided to include means for permitting control of the
temperature conditions in compartment 14 so that the compartment
may be operated convertibly either as a freezer compartment or as a
refrigerator compartment as discussed above. As will be obvious to
those skilled in the art, any suitable means for effecting this
temperature control of the different compartments may be employed
within the scope of the invention. The present invention is
concerned primarily with the control of the flow of the air back to
and through the evaporator so as to provide an improved high
efficiency operation of the apparatus.
More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the air from
refrigerator compartment 12 is delivered to the chamber 35 below
the inlet portion 27 of the evaporator behind the freezer chamber
rear panel 26 and forwardly of the rear cabinet wall 36 through an
opening 37 in an upright divider wall 38 of the cabinet. Air is
returned from convertible compartment 14 through a grill outlet 39
in the rear wall 40 of compartment 14 at one side of delivery duct
29 to flow downwardly therefrom through a flow passage 41
rearwardly of rear walls 40 and 26. Outlet 39 communicates with
flow passage 41 through an opening 42 in a horizontal divider wall
43 defining the top of freezer compartment 13 and the bottom of
convertible compartment 14.
Flow passage 41 is arranged to conduct the returning air from
convertible compartment 14 in heat exchange relationship with the
end turns 44 of the evaporator 16 prior to the delivery thereof to
the vertical flow paths 25 between the fins. To this end, the
passage 41 is defined by the lefthand side wall 45 of cabinet 11,
the rear wall 36 of cabinet 11, the panel 26 of compartment 13, a
partition wall member 47 and an air divider 46 which cooperates
with lefthand fins 24a and 24b of the evaporator. As shown in FIG.
5, the air divider member 46 may comprise a formed sheet element
having a flat end 48 secured to the rear cabinet wall 26 and a
V-section portion 49 extending into the space 25a defined by the
fin 24a and the rightwardly adjacent fin 24b.
As shown in FIG. 3, partition wall 47 extends downwardly from the
horizontal cabinet wall 43 to the inlet portion 27 of the
evaporator. A portion 54 of divider wall 47 extends between fins
24a and 24b and terminates on the top of tube 22 to assure that air
in passage 41 passes first over end turns 44 then through passages
25. As shown in FIG. 6, the partition wall 47 is a generally
rectangular member formed of molded polystyrene foam or other
similar material. Inasmuch as partition wall 47 closes off space
25a between fins 24a and 24b, cover 26 seals across the same fins
at their front face and the V-section portion 49 of air divider 46
seals the same fins at their rear face, fins 24a and 24b enclose a
non air flow space 25a which effectively forms an extension of
partition 47.
Thus, as shown in FIG. 3, flow passage 41 conducts air from
convertible compartment 14 in heat exchange relationship with the
lefthand end turns 44, end plate 53 and fin 24a of the evaporator
downwardly to chamber 35 to be further in heat exchange
relationship with the accumulator 23 before turning and flowing
upwardly through the lefthand paths 25 of the evaporator. As a
result, humidity in the air returning from the convertible
compartment is effectively removed by the heat transfer association
thereof with the end turns 44, end plate 53 and fin 24a thereby
effectively avoiding frosting of the lower end of the flow paths 25
through which this air is flowed to effect the further
refrigeration thereof.
In the illustrated embodiment, approximately 20 percent of the heat
exchange surface of the evaporator is provided in the flow passage
41 and approximately 80 percent thereof is provided at the flow
paths 25.
As best seen in FIG. 1, the air returning to the evaporator from
the freezer compartment 13 flows through the grill outlet 50 in the
rear wall 26 so as to enter the evaporator space at a location 51
spaced upwardly from the entrance portion 27 thereby effectively
preventing frosting and snow at the entrance portion which could
occur if the relatively cold freezer air were delivered to entrance
27 to mix thereat with the moist air from the refrigerator
compartment 12.
It has been found that in the use of such a refrigeration apparatus
having a convertible freezer-refrigerator compartment, the
temperature, humidity and the flow rate through the evaporator of
the air from the convertible compartment may vary over a wide
range. When compartment 14 is operated by the control 34 to
comprise a refrigerator compartment at above-freezing temperature,
the air returned to the evaporator therefrom has a relatively high
humidity. At this time, the flow rate of the air is made relatively
low, i.e., approximately 10 times less than when the compartment is
operated as a freezer compartment.
As illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, in the normal operation of the
apparatus, relatively moist air from the refrigerator compartment
12 flows from passage 37 upwardly through the righthand flow paths
25 defined by the spaced fins 24. In flowing from passage 37 to the
inlet portion 27 of the evaporator, this air is firstly caused to
pass over the accumulator, or header, 23 so as to effect at least a
partial moisture removal from the air as a result of the relatively
low temperature of the accumulator.
When the convertible compartment is being operated as a
refrigerator compartment, the relatively low flow rate permits the
air from passage 41 to flow primarily through the lefthand paths 25
as discussed above. When the compartment 14 is operated as a
freezer compartment to have a relatively high flow rate, the flow
through the paths 25 is nevertheless maintained primarily through
the lefthand paths. This desirable operation is automatically
effected by the control of the frosting of the evaporator at the
entrance portion 27 effected by the pre-drying of the air from
compartment 14 as a result of its heat exchange relationship with
the evaporator end turns 44, end plate 53 and fin 24a prior to the
delivery thereof to the entrance portion 27 of the evaporator.
There is always a tendency for frost buildup at the entrance
portion to the evaporator at the righthand flow paths, as shown in
FIGS. 3 and 4, and as such buildup occurs the air from compartment
12 tends to flow more leftwardly toward the lefthand flow paths
which are maintained relatively open as a result of the moisture
removed from the air from passage 41 before the delivery thereof to
the lefthand flow paths. Resultingly, as the righthand paths become
progressively more blocked, the flow of refrigerator compartment
air is caused to shift away from blocked air paths to the
relatively clear lefthand air paths thereby substantially extending
the period of operation of the apparatus before defrosting of the
evaporator is required. Thus, while the flow rate of the air stream
entering the evaporator at 27 from passage 41 varies over a 10 to 1
range, the paths the air streams follow through the evaporator
remain essentially unchanged even though the humidity of the air
stream leaving convertible compartment 14 varies greatly.
A baffle 55 in the form of a molded polystyrene foam block is
provided between the right side of evaporator 16 and wall 38 to
prevent air from compartment 12 from bypassing vertical paths 25
through the evaporator. A defrost heater, not shown, is provided to
periodically heat the evaporator to melt any frost accumulated
thereon. One such suitable heater is shown and described in the
copending application of Raymond Tobey, Ser. No. 141,478, filed May
10, 1971 and assigned to the assignee of this application.
The improved operation of the air refrigeration means of the
present invention is obtained with effectively minimum cost by
proper proportioning of the evaporator air flow paths by the simple
addition of the partition wall means 47 and the air divider means
46 to the conventional evaporator structure. The invention permits
the selective use of the convertible compartment 14 without
adversely affecting the air flow conditions in the evaporator or
the temperature conditions in compartments 12 and 13, but rather to
the contrary, the convertible compartment return air flow in
conjunction with the proper proportioning of the air flow through
vertical paths 25 provides a desirable extended refrigerating
operation of the apparatus between defrosting operations.
The foregoing disclosure of specific embodiments is illustrative of
the broad inventive concepts comprehended by the invention.
* * * * *