U.S. patent number 3,745,736 [Application Number 05/108,984] was granted by the patent office on 1973-07-17 for composite wall construction.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Artur Fischer. Invention is credited to Artur Fischer, Gerhard Porlein, Erich Schmid.
United States Patent |
3,745,736 |
Fischer , et al. |
July 17, 1973 |
COMPOSITE WALL CONSTRUCTION
Abstract
A supported element overlies a support element. The support
element is provided with at least one groove of undercut
configuration and the supported element is provided with one or
more male coupling projections which are receivable with a snap
action in this groove and undergo elastic deflection so as to enter
the groove. To reduce friction, facilitate such elastic deflection,
and thus facilitate snap-action introduction into the groove, the
coupling projections engage the groove only with line contact and
the surface of the supported element which faces the support
element is provided with a depression or recess overlying the
groove when the two elements are connected, with the coupling
projection or projections extending from the bottom of this recess
outwardly beyond the surface of the supported element.
Inventors: |
Fischer; Artur (Tumlingen,
DT), Porlein; Gerhard (Tumlingen, DT),
Schmid; Erich (Tumlingen, DT) |
Assignee: |
Fischer; Artur (Tumlingen,
DT)
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Family
ID: |
25755206 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/108,984 |
Filed: |
January 22, 1971 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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816702 |
Apr 16, 1969 |
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Foreign Application Priority Data
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Apr 19, 1968 [DT] |
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P 17 59 311.2 |
May 14, 1968 [DT] |
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P 17 59 551.6 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
52/511;
29/453 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04F
13/0803 (20130101); E04F 13/0812 (20130101); E04F
13/088 (20130101); A63H 33/065 (20130101); F16B
5/0642 (20130101); F16B 5/0664 (20130101); A63H
33/062 (20130101); Y10T 29/49876 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
A63H
33/04 (20060101); A63H 33/06 (20060101); E04F
13/08 (20060101); F16B 5/06 (20060101); E04c
002/46 () |
Field of
Search: |
;52/506,511 ;40/143
;46/16,23,30 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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1,540,479 |
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Aug 1968 |
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FR |
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745,788 |
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Feb 1956 |
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GB |
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Primary Examiner: Murtagh; John E.
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This is a continuation-in-part of our earlier application, filed on
Apr. 16, 1969 under Ser. No. 816,702 and entitled "Composite Wall
Construction", now abandoned.
Claims
What is claimed as new and desired to be protected by Letters
Patent is set forth in the appended claims:
1. In a wall structure, in combination, a support element having a
first surface provided with undercut groove means; a supported
cladding element having a second surface overlying said first
surface; elastically deflectable male coupling means provided on
said second surface and receivable in and withdrawable from said
groove means with a snap action; first and second engaging portions
on said male coupling means and said groove means, respectively,
one of said first and second engaging portions having edges
extending longitudinally of said groove means and engaging the
other of said first and second engaging portions with only line
contact at all times so as to provide minimum friction during
insertion and withdrawal of said male coupling means; and
deflection-facilitating means on said supported cladding element
for facilitating elastic deflection of said male coupling means to
thereby correspondingly facilitate snap-action insertion of the
same into, and withdrawal thereof from, said undercut groove
means.
2. In a wall structure as defined in claim 1, said male coupling
means and said groove means each having at least one of said
engaging portions; and wherein each of said engaging portions is
composed of at least two sections with the sections of one of said
engaging portions being inclined to one another at a first angle
and the sections of the other of said engaging portions being
inclined to one another at a second angle which is different from
said first angle.
3. In a wall structure as defined in claim 2, wherein one of said
angles approaches zero.
4. In a wall structure as defined in claim 1, wherein said groove
means is undercut in direction away from said first surface, and
said male coupling means is undercut in direction towards said
second surface.
5. In a wall structure as defined in claim 2, wherein said
deflection-facilitating means comprises recess means provided in
said second surface and being bounded by a bottom wall and
transversely spaced side walls, said male coupling means projecting
from said bottom wall spaced from said side walls and outwardly
beyond said second surface.
6. In a wall structure as defined in claim 5, wherein said male
coupling means comprises two elastically deflectable male coupling
portions diverging away from one another in direction outwardly
from said recess means and each having one of said engaging
portions; and wherein said undercut groove means comprises a slot
extending inwardly from said first surface and bounded by a pair of
transversely spaced lips each having an additional one of said
surface portions.
7. In a wall sturcture as defined in claim 6, wherein said groove
means is elongated in a predetermined direction, and wherein said
male coupling portions and said recess means are also elongated in
said predetermined direction.
8. In a wall structure as defined in claim 1, said groove means
having a predetermined depth in direction inwardly from said first
surface; and wherein said cooperating engaging portions engage one
another at locations which are inwardly spaced from said first
surface by a distance which corresponds to less than half of said
predetermined depth.
9. In a wall structure as defined in claim 1, said male coupling
means having free edge portions remote from said second surface and
bevelled in directions inclined towards the same so as to
facilitate insertion of said male coupling means into said groove
means.
10. In a wall structure as defined in claim 1, said groove means
comprising a pair of transversely spaced parallel undercut grooves;
and wherein said male coupling means comprises a pair of
transversely spaced elastically deflectable male coupling portions
each receivable with a snap action in one of said grooves.
11. In a wall structure, in combination, a support element having a
first surface provided with at least one arcuately undercut groove
bounded by an inner peripheral surface having first radii of
curvature; a supported cladding element having a second surface
overlying said first surface; male coupling means provided on said
second surface and receivable in said groove with a snap action,
said coupling means including two elastically deflectable parallel
male coupling portions diverging away from one another and having
abutment sections which abut against said inner peripheral surface
bounding said groove and which have second radii of curvature
different from said first radii of said inner peripheral surface
against which said sections abut; and deflection-facilitating means
on said supported element for facilitating elastic deflection of
said male coupling portions to thereby correspondingly facilitate
their snap-action introduction into said groove.
12. In a wall structure as defined in claim 11, wherein said second
radii of curvature are smaller than said first radii.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to a composite wall
construction, and more particularly to a wall construction
utilizing cladding elements. Still more specifically the present
invention relates to such a composite wall construction which can
be used to particular advantage in toy erecting sets, although it
is not to be considered limited to this application.
It is already known to provide support elements, such as walls
which may be of unitary construction or which may be composed of a
plurality of individual elements, with cladding elements. The
reasons for this are manifold and may be governed by a desire or
necessity to cover gaps, to generally enhance the aesthetic
appearance--as by utilizing cladding elements of particular
materials, particular appearance or the like--or for a variety of
other reasons. Of course, the cladding elements must be connected
with the support element or elements and for this reason various
different connecting arrangements have become known. Thus it is for
instance known to provide the supporting elements or element,
hereafter referred to for the sake of convenience as supporting
element, with grooves at their exposed surfaces whereas the
cladding elements, hereafter for the sake of convenience identified
as supported elements, are provided with projections which are
receivable in these grooves. It is known that the grooves may have
rectangular or quadratic cross-section and that the projections may
be so configurated that they can be pressed into the grooves while
undergoing elastic deformation, so as to be frictionally retained
in the grooves. On the other hand, it is also known to provide the
grooves with an undercut cross-sectional configuration and to
complementarily configurate the projections, with the latter being
introduced into the grooves lengthwise from an open end of the
latter.
For various reasons the configuration of the grooves in such a
manner that they are not of undercut cross-section, with the
projections being frictionally received in them, has not been found
very satisfactory. On the other hand, to use undercut grooves into
which undercut projections must be inserted from an open end of the
grooves is not always very practical, either, because frequently
the open ends of the grooves are not accessible when the supported
elements are to be connected to the support elements.
For this reason yet a further solution which has become known is to
provide the grooves of undercut cross-sectional configuration, and
to so configurate the projections that they can be snapped into the
grooves transversely to the elongation of the latter under elastic
deformation. This eliminates the need for having access to open
ends of the grooves.
However, both in the latter type of construction where the
projections are snapped into the grooves transversely of the
elongation of the latter, and in the type of construction where
they are introduced into the open ends of the grooves, the
projections must undergo elastic deformation. In some cases the
deflection or deformation may last only while the projection is
introduced into the groove and, once having entered through the
narrowest portion of the groove, the projection can return to its
original state because it is relieved of the elastic deflection. in
other cases the elastic deflection remains as long as the
projection remains in the groove. The important point to remember
is that elastic deflection will be present, regardless of the other
circumstances and the specific type of construction which is
involved. That being the case it is evident that the elastic
deflection must be facilitated as much as possible. This, however,
is difficult because the juxtaposed surfaces of the support element
and the supported element abut against one another so that the
elastic deflection or deformation of the projections must take
place in or substantially in the plane of the abutting surface of
the supported element. Evidently, the projections are stiffest and
most resistant to such deflection at this point where they project
from the abutment surface and they therefore either cannot be
sufficiently deflected at all, or their deflection can be
accomplished only against very significant resistance. Neither
situation is desirable, as will be appreciated.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is the general object of the present invention to overcome this
disadvantage.
More particularly it is an object of the present invention to
provide a composite wall construction wherein this disadvantage is
avoided.
Briefly stated, one feature of our invention resides in the
provision of a wall structure, wherein a supported cladding element
overlies a support element, and wherein the support element is
provided with at least one groove in which male coupling means
provided on the supported element are receivable with a snap action
in response to undergoing elastic deflection. According to our
invention the supported element is provided with
deflection-facilitating means for facilitating the elastic
deflection of the male coupling means to thereby correspondingly
facilitate snap-action introduction of the male coupling means into
the groove.
The deflection-facilitating means is, in accordance with the
invention, provided in the form of a depression or recess
associated with the coupling means, with the latter projecting from
the bottom wall of the depression outwardly beyond the abutment
surface of the supported element. In this manner the root or base
of the male coupling means or male coupling projection is spaced
inwardly from the abutment surface of the supported element so that
there are located in the plane of the abutment face of the
supported element--in which plane the coupling means must primarily
undergo the elastic deflection--will be portions which are
significantly less resistant to such deflection than the base of
the coupling means or projection.
Thus, even if the coupling projections extend only to a small
distance beyond the abutment surface of the supported element, it
is possible to obtain sufficient elasticity for the coupling
projection in the region of the plane of the abutment surface of
the supported element to enable snap-action introduction of the
coupling projections into grooves even if the same are undercut
and, in fact, even if the grooves are undercut very deeply.
Furthermore, we provide for our coupling projection or projections
to engage with a corresponding groove or grooves in such a manner
that there is only line-contact between them, rather than surface
or area contact. This substantially reduces friction during
insertion and withdrawal of the projection or projections and thus
also furthers the objects and purposes of our present
invention.
The construction according to the present invention is advantageous
not only from the point of view of erecting a composite wall
structure but also from the point of view of manufacturing, at
least of manufacturing the supported element. It is evident that if
the coupling projections on the supported element are undercut, and
if the supported element with its coupling projections is to be
made of synthetic plastic material as is frequently the case, the
element may be made by resorting to an injection molding technique.
Ordinarily this would require the use of complicated molds because
of the undercut configuration of the male coupling projections.
Without this it would be difficult if not impossible to remove the
completed supported element from the mold. However, because of the
significantly enhanced ability of the male coupling projections to
undergo elastic deflection, as per the present invention, a rather
simple mold can be utilized because the element can be removed by
merely withdrawing it from the mold with the projection undergoing
elastic deflection during such withdrawal.
Of course the supported element may be manufactured in various
different sizes and configurations. It is feasible to construct it
as a cladding element for wall constructions of buildings or the
like, and it is equally feasible to construct it as a cladding
element for wall constructions erected by connecting a plurality of
building blocks of an erecting set such as is used by children.
Customarily, where the use of undercut grooves is concerned into
which the coupling projections are to be introduced, the coupling
projections are so configurated that once introduced they will fill
or substantially fill the entire cross-sectional area of the
groove. However, this is frequently not practical because of
improper adherence to manufacturing tolerances or other factors
which have as a result that the coupling projections are too large
or the grooves too small in cross-sectional area so that the
coupling projections cannot be introduced at all, or only with
difficulties, and cannot be shifted longitudinally of the groove
or, if it is possible to do so, can be shifted only with great
difficulty. On the other hand, the tolerance variations may go to
the other extreme so that the coupling projections will not be
received tightly in the grooves and the supported element will not
be tightly and immovably secured on the support element. In
accordance with the present invention these disadvantages can be
overcome by making the coupling projections of two-part
construction with the two parts extending transversely away from
one another so that, if both parts are associated with a single
groove, each part will press against one side of the groove
interiorly thereof. Advantageously the narrowest cross-section of
the groove, that is where the groove opens to the exposed surface
of the support element in which the groove is provided, will be
somewhat greater than the corresponding transverse dimension of the
coupling projection measured against the two parts thereof at that
portion which will be located within the confines of this narrowest
part of the groove. This construction is possible for the portions
of the coupling projections to elastically adapt themselves to the
configurations of the groove, and at the same time permits greater
latitude in the manufacturing tolerances while assuring tight
connection between the supported element and the support element.
The difference in the dimensions of the narrowest portion of the
groove versus those of the coupling projection, or rather the part
of the coupling projection which is received within the confines of
the narrowest portion, assures that the coupling projection can be
readily inserted into the groove. Frictional resistance to such
insertion, and also to sliding movement lengthwise of the groove,
is further decreased by so configurating the portions of the
coupling projections which are located within the groove that the
parts which abut against the inner side of the groove will only
have line-contact therewith, as mentioned before. Thus, the
portions which abut the groove where the latter is undercut may
have radii of curvature which are smaller than those of the wall
bounding the groove. This is one way of providing the desired line
contact and reduces frictional resistance.
If the grooves are of substantially circular cross-sectional
configuration, then the invention provides that the areas of
contact at which the coupling projections engage the interior side
walls bounding the groove will be in the outer half of the groove,
as measured in direction normal to the surface in which the groove
is provided. This assures that the supported element is tightly
retained in abutment with the supporting support element.
The leading edges of the coupling projection, that is leading in
the sense of introduction into the grooves, can be rearwardly
bevelled for facilitating their snap-action introduction into the
grooves. This is particularly advantageous if the coupling
projections cannot be introduced through an open end of the
groove.
The construction according to the present invention is particularly
advantageous for use in conjunction with erecting kits consisting
of a plurality of building blocks which are provided undercut
grooves and undercut male coupling heads receivable in these
grooves so that the building blocks can be connected. The supported
element in this instance can serve as a cladding element or it can
serve as a base element on which structures may be erected. In such
a use the present invention is particularly advantageous because it
is especially important for children that the connections may be
effected and terminated readily and without the use of great force.
Also, once effected it is frequently necessary that the connected
elements be shifted relative to one another and this should be
accomplished readily so as not to overtax the strength of a child.
The present invention is particularly effective in overcoming the
so-called "stick-slip-effect." This effect results from the
different values of inertial friction and sliding friction, it
being understood that the child must first overcome the inertial
friction which is greater than the friction resulting during the
sliding movement. Because the changeover from inertial friction to
sliding friction is not immediately noticed by the child the
element may be shifted through larger distances than is desired
because the larger pressure needed for overcoming the inertial
friction is not quickly enough terminated.
The novel features which are considered as characteristic of the
invention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The
invention itself, however, both as to its construction and its
method of operation, together with additional objects and
advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following
description of specific embodiments when read in connection with
the accompanying drawing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a somewhat diagrammatic perspective view of a supported
element according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary sectional elevation illustrating a
supported element connected with a support element;
FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 but illustrating a further
embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 2 but illustrating a further
embodiment in a partially sectioned fragmentary elevation on an
enlarged scale.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Discussing firstly now the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2
it will be seen that reference numeral 1 identifies a supported
plate-shaped element having an abutment face 2 which in accordance
with the present invention is provided with at least one depression
or recess 3. Located within this depression or recess 3 and
projecting from the bottom wall thereof outwardly beyond the
abutment face 2 of the element 1, is male coupling means here
illustrated in form of two coupling projections 4 arranged side by
side. Each of the coupling projections 4 is undercut on one side,
that is on the side facing away from the other coupling projection,
as is clearly evident both in FIGS. 1 and 2. Together the two
coupling projections will thus have a dual undercut configuration,
as is most clearly shown in FIG. 2.
In FIG. 2 a support element is identified with reference numeral 5
and may be representative of a wall, a portion of a wall, a
building block, a building block which together with others to
which it can be connected will constitute a wall, or the like. In
any case the element 5 is provided with a groove 7, here shown to
be of undercut configuration in cross-section, and the coupling
projections 4 of the element 1 are received in this groove 7. They
are received with a snap action and it will be appreciated that,
when they are pressed into the groove 7 in direction transversely
to its elongation, they will be inwardly deflected towards one
another, thus undergoing elastic deflection or deformation, until
they have passed beyond the narrowest point of the groove 7 at
which time they can again move outwardly away from one another to
or substantially to their original positions as illustrated in FIG.
1. They then abut the wall bounding the inside of the groove 7, as
illustrated in FIG. 2. Note should be taken that each projection 4
has a surface portion which faces outwardly and may be considered
to be composed of two sections which include with one another an
angle which, in FIGS. 1 and 2 as well as in FIG. 3, is a zero
angle. Similarly, the wall bounding the inside of groove 7 has at
each lateral side two surface portions each of which is also
composed of two sections which define with one another a different
angle. As a result, there is line-contact engagement between the
projections 4 and groove 7, as shown.
The enhanced elastic deflection of the coupling projections 4
which, in conjunction with the reduced friction resulting from
line-contact, makes this ready introduction into the groove 7
possible, is obtained by the provision of the recess or depression
3 in the abutment face 2 of the element 1, as a result of which the
base or root of each of the coupling projections 4 is located
inwardly spaced from the abutment face 2, as clearly visible in
FIG. 2.
The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3 differs from that of FIG. 2 in
that the element which constitutes the support element, is here
identified with reference numeral 6 and is provided with two of the
undercut grooves 7 which are transversely spaced and extend in
parallelism with one another. The supported element is again of
plate-shaped configuration and identified with reference numeral 1,
its abutment face being identified with reference numeral 2, Unlike
the element 1 in FIG. 1, however, the one shown in FIG. 3 is
provided with two of the recesses 3 each of which overlies one of
the grooves 7 when the elements 1 and 6 are connected as shown in
FIG. 3. In the embodiment of FIG. 3, also, each of the recesses 3
is provided with only of the coupling projections 4 and they are
inclined towards one another and are also undercut on the sides
which face each other. This is clearly shown in FIG. 3 and it will
be appreciated that because the coupling projections 4 are inclined
in the illustrated manner, and are undercut on the sides facing one
another, they will abut in their respective grooves 7 with
line-contact against that side of the interior wall bounding the
groove which faces the respective other groove, so that the element
1 is firmly and reliably connected to the element 6, as shown. Of
course, during introduction into their respective grooves, the
coupling projections 4 are elastically deflected in direction away
from one another, rather than towards one another as in FIG. 2.
Coming, finally, to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, it will
be seen that here the supported element is again identified with
reference numeral 1 and has a recess 3 provided in its abutment
face 2. The support element is identified with reference numeral 5
and is again provided with an undercut groove 7 similar to the one
shown in FIG. 2. The narrowest portions of the groove are
identified by the edge faces 8 and 9 bounding the inlet to the
groove 7 and the distance between them is greater, as clearly shown
in FIG. 4, than the distance measured in the same plane across the
two coupling projections 4 which are illustrated.
It is also shown that the coupling projections 4 abut against the
interior wall bounding the groove 7 at the locaitons 10 and 11. At
these locations the coupling projections 4 are arcuately curved
with the respective curvature having a radius of curvature which is
smaller than the corresponding radius of curvature of the abutted
portions 10 and 11, respectively. Thus, the contact between the
coupling projections 4 and the portions 10 and 11, respectively, is
again a line contact and the friction is correspondingly
decreased.
In the illustrated embodiment the groove 7 is of substantially
circular cross-sectional configuration and its midpoint--that is
half the depth as measured from the exposed surface of the support
element 5--is identified with reference numeral 12. In accordance
with the invention it will be seen that the contact between the
coupling projections 4 and the portions 10 and 11, respectively, is
located within the outer half of this distance, that is between the
location 12 and the exposed surface of the support element 5.
To facilitate introduction of the coupling projections 4 in
direction transversely to the elongation of the groove 7 and into
the latter, the leading surfaces 13 and 14 of the coupling
projections 4 are bevelled so as to taper towards one another and
their ends 15 and 16 are spaced from one another by a distance
which is smaller than the distance between the surfaces 8 and
9.
It will be appreciated that, whereas in FIG. 4 the coupling
projections 4, 4 are located transversely opposite one another, it
is also possible to have them offset or staggered with reference to
one another longitudinally of the extension of the groove 7. It is
equally clear that the two coupling projections may be replaced
with four or more, and that if there are four provided they can be
so arranged that they define with one another a right angle and
constitute a stud composed of four symmetrically arranged portions.
Similarly, any desired number of the recesses 3 and the coupling
projections may be provided on any one element 1 without departing
in any way from the concept of the present invention.
While this has not been particularly shown in the drawing, it is
emphasized that any of the supported elements as well as any of the
support elements may consist of synthetic plastic material, or of
any other material suitable for the purpose. Also it will be clear
from the drawing that in all embodiments line contact exists not
only when the snap-action connection is in existence, but during
the entire insertion and removal of the coupling projections.
It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or
two or more together, may also find a useful application in other
types of constructions differing from the types described
above.
While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied
in a composite wall construction, it is not intended to be limited
to the details shown, since various modifications and structural
changes may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of
the present invention .
* * * * *