U.S. patent number 3,745,549 [Application Number 05/135,347] was granted by the patent office on 1973-07-10 for proximity alarm.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Crane Products Manufacturing Co., Inc.. Invention is credited to Richard M. Jepperson, C. Warren Simmonds.
United States Patent |
3,745,549 |
Jepperson , et al. |
July 10, 1973 |
PROXIMITY ALARM
Abstract
A control device in a proximity alarm system gives warning when
an object enters an electrostatic field located around an energized
power line. The alarm system itself comprises antenna means for
sensing the presence of the electrostatic field thereby inducing an
alternating current potential therein. A switching circuit and an
induced signal control circuit are electrically connected to each
other. The switching circuit includes antenna sensitivity control,
test circuitry and alarm circuitry. The induced signal control
circuit includes amplifier means, half-wave voltage doubling means,
oscillating means, power supply voltage regulating means and
frequency filtering means. In a specific embodiment, the switching
circuit and the induced signal control circuit are located in a
casing composed of a non-magnetic material. The induced signal
control circuit is encapsulated in a resinous material and is
removably mounted within the casing.
Inventors: |
Jepperson; Richard M. (Salt
Lake City, UT), Simmonds; C. Warren (Salt Lake City,
UT) |
Assignee: |
Crane Products Manufacturing Co.,
Inc. (Las Vegas, NV)
|
Family
ID: |
22467692 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/135,347 |
Filed: |
April 19, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
340/514; 340/565;
340/600; 340/654; 340/660; 340/685; 340/384.7 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G08B
13/26 (20130101); G08B 21/182 (20130101); G08B
21/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G08B
21/00 (20060101); G08B 21/18 (20060101); G08B
13/26 (20060101); G08B 21/02 (20060101); G08B
13/22 (20060101); G08b 013/26 () |
Field of
Search: |
;340/258D,258R,258C,384E |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Trafton; David L.
Claims
Having thus set forth the nature of this invention, what is claimed
is:
1. In a proximity alarm which gives warning when an object enters
an electrostatic field, the combination comprising:
a. a casing composed of a non-magnetic material,
b. a switching circuit portion including test circuitry and alarm
circuitry disposed in said casing,
c. a signal control circuit portion responsive to any induced
signal received from the electrostatic field to form an oscillating
response signal effective to operate an alarm,
d. said signal control circuit portion being encapsulated and
disposed adjacent the switching circuit and being removably mounted
in said casing, and
e. plug means for electrically connecting the switching circuit
portion to the signal control circuit portion.
2. In an alarm system as defined in claim 1 wherein
the signal control circuit portion includes variable resistance
means electrically connected to transistor means for establishing
and maintaining predetermined induced response characteristics
within said transistor means.
3. In an alarm system as defined in claim 1 wherein
the signal control circuit portion includes amplifier means having
transistor means for receiving any induced signal emanating from
the electrostatic field and a variable resistance means
electrically connected to the transistor means for establishing a
predetermined biasing potential within said transistor means.
4. In an alarm system as defined in claim 3 wherein
said transistor means is a field effect transistor and said induced
signal is received at the gate of the transistor and
said variable resistance means is electrically connected to the
source of the transistor.
5. In an alarm system as defined in claim 3 wherein
the signal control circuit portion includes filtering means having
means electrically connected to the output of the transistor means
for filtering extraneous alternating current frequency from the
system.
6. In an alarm system as defined in claim 5 wherein
said filtering means includes means for applying the filtered
extraneous alternating current frequency to the casing thereby
effecting grounding thereof.
7. In an alarm system as defined in claim 1 wherein
the signal control circuit portion includes oscillating means
having a uni-junction transistor and a variable resistance means
electrically connected to the uni-junction transistor for
establishing a predetermined firing point in said transistor.
8. In an alarm as defined in claim 1 wherein
the signal control circuit portion includes oscillating means and
power supply voltage regulating means which controls varying
voltage supply to the alarm system thereby maintaining the
frequency of the oscillating means at a predetermined level.
9. In an alarm system as defined in claim 1 wherein
the signal control circuit portion is responsive to an induced
voltage signal and includes means for amplifying the induced
voltage signal, means for converting the amplified induced signal
to a doubled half-wave form, oscillating means for producing short
duration pulses in response to said double half-wave form, and
means for stretching the width of the short duration pulses from
the oscillating means to provide satisfactory energizing of the
alarm circuitry.
10. A proximity alarm system which gives warning when a projection
from a vehicle enters an electrostatic field located around an
energized power line comprising:
a. alarm means electrically connected to a normally de-energized
relay,
b. antenna means for sensing the presence of the electrostatic
field,
c. means for receiving and amplifying an induced signal sensed by
the antenna means,
d. means for converting the amplified induced signal to a doubled
half-wave form,
e. oscillating means for producing short duration pulses in
response to said doubled half-wave form,
f. means for stretching the width of the short duration pulse from
the oscillating means to provide satisfactory energizing of the
alarm means,
g. means for energizing the relay with the stretched pulse thereby
actuating the alarm means,
h. means for providing power supply voltage from the vehicle to the
alarm system, and
i. means for regulating varying power voltage supplied to the alarm
system at a predetermined level.
11. An alarm system as defined in claim 10 wherein
said amplifier means includes filtering means for filtering
extraneous alternating current frequencies from the system.
12. An alarm system which gives warning when an object enters an
electrostatic field comprising:
a. antenna means for sensing the presence of said field which
thereby induces an alternating current potential therein,
b. a switching circuit including means for controlling the
sensitivity of the antenna, circuit means for testing the alarm
system, and alarm circuit means,
c. a signal control circuit responsive to any induced signal
received from the electrostatic field to form an oscillating
response signal effective to operate the alarm circuit means,
and
d. means for electrically connecting the switching circuit to the
signal control circuit.
13. An alarm system as defined in claim 12 wherein
said signal control circuit is encapsulated in a resinous material
and disposed in a casing composed of a nonmagnetic material and
said switching circuit is disposed in said casing adjacent the
encapsulated signal control circuit.
14. An alarm system as defined in claim 13 wherein
said encapsulated signal control circuit is removably mounted in
said casing and
said circuit connecting means includes a plug means having a
plurality of connecting pins.
15. A proximity alarm control device comprising:
a. a casing composed of a non-magnetic material,
b. means for receiving an induced input voltage from an
electrostatic field around energized power lines,
c. a switching circuit disposed in said casing,
d. said switching circuit including circuit means for testing the
device, alarm circuit means and means for providing a power supply
voltage to the control device,
e. a signal control circuit responsive to the induced input voltage
from the electrostatic field to form an oscillating response signal
effective to operate the alarm circuit means,
f. said signal control circuit being encapsulated and disposed
adjacent the switching circuit and being removably mounted in said
casing, and
g. plug means for electrically connecting the switching circuit to
the signal control circuit.
16. An alarm device as defined in claim 15 wherein
the signal control circuit includes variable resistance means
connected to transistor means for establishing and maintaining
predetermined induced signal response characteristics in said
transistor means.
17. A control device as defined in claim 15 wherein
the induced input voltage receiving means is the base of a
transistor means and
the signal control circuit includes amplifier means having a
variable resistance means electrically connected to said transistor
means for establishing a predetermined biasing potential within
said transistor means.
18. A control device as defined in claim 17 wherein
said transistor means is a field effect transistor and said induced
voltage is received at the gate of the transistor, and
said variable resistance means is electrically connected to the
source of said transistor.
19. A control device as defined in claim 17 wherein
the signal control circuit includes filtering means having means
electrically connected to the output of the transistor means for
filtering extraneous alternating current frequency from the signal
control circuit.
20. A control device as defined in claim 15 wherein
the signal control circuit includes oscillating means having a
uni-junction transistor and a variable resistance means
electrically connected to the base of the uni-junction transistor
for establishing a predetermined firing point thereof.
21. A control device as defined in claim 15 wherein
the signal control circuit includes oscillating means and
said power supply voltage regulating means control varying voltage
in the supply to the alarm circuit means to maintain the frequency
of the oscillating means at a predetermined level.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Proximity alarms which give warning when an object enters an
electrostatic field are well known in the prior art. More
particularly, this invention relates to systems for signalling the
close approach of an object to an energized electrical transmission
line. The proximity alarms disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,125,751
and 3,168,729 are examples of prior art alarms which have been
developed for such usage. However, there are several problems which
are attendant in these prior art alarms which render them unusable
in the field and clearly not adaptable to commercial mass
production techniques.
It has been found that the alarm disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
3,168,729 is designed to respond to the presence of electromagnetic
fields. This fact has presented numerous problems when such a
device is subjected to environments in which it is used. The
earlier alarm disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,125,751 could be
triggered by other sources of electrical energy if the field
strength at the alarm was sufficiently high. Thus, even though the
object is not dangerously close to radio towers, the radiations
from the high powered radio towers could activate the alarms.
Likewise, lightning in the vicinity of the alarm would produce
radiant energy causing it to be triggered. Furthermore, in the
earlier type of alarm, no test circuitry was ordinarily provided
even though testing for the proper operation of the system is
extremely important.
In several modifications of the earlier prior art proximity alarms,
it was found that the available devices could not withstand a
vibration or a high heat environment. Constant vibration due to the
environment of use caused fatigue failures in the field. This
resulted in frequent breakdown thereby causing frequent replacement
problems. It was further found that the prior art devices were
adversely affected by the extreme temperature changes taking place
in the environment around the device. Such temperatures are
generally in the range of from about -75.degree. to about
+200.degree. F.
These proximity alarms are generally used with vehicles having
projections. The alarm system is designed to operate off the
vehicle power supply. It was discovered that the power supply to
the alarm system tended to vary sharply over a period of time. It
was found that this fact seriously affected the sensitivity and
effectiveness of the total alarm system.
Another basic problem associated with the prior art devices was
found to exist in the large variance in response characteristics
from one device to the next. In other words, the prior art units
did not have consistent response characteristics in the field
thereby resulting in many obvious disadvantages. This is an
extremely difficult problem to overcome and one that seriously
affects the efficiency of use in the field. In addition, the mass
production of the device for supplying the demand was greatly
hampered. It was found that the problem of mass producing
substantially identical units was an impossibility when considering
the feasibility of using the prior art proximity alarms.
PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION
The primary object of this invention is to provide a proximity
alarm system which may be used in the field over an extended period
of time and may be mass produced with a high degree of
repeatability in construction and response characteristics.
Another object of this invention is to produce a proximity alarm
which is not adversely affected by an intense heat environment or a
substantial vibration environment.
A further object of this invention is to provide a proximity alarm
device which overcomes all of the problems found to exist in
conjunction with known prior art devices.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention is directed to an alarm system including antenna
means for sensing the presence of an electrostatic field which
thereby induces an alternating current potential therein. A
switching circuit and an induced signal control circuit are
electrically connected to each other. The switching circuit has an
antenna sensitivity control, test circuitry and an alarm circuitry.
The induced signal control circuit includes amplifying means,
half-wave voltage doubling means, oscillating means, power supply
voltage regulating means and frequency filtering means.
The specific arrangement of a switching circuit and an induced
signal control circuit provides a beneficial way of isolating the
problems associated with prior art devices. None of the specific
prior art devices disclose the use of a power supply voltage
regulating means or a frequency filtering means within such an
induced signal control circuit.
In a specific embodiment of this invention, the induced signal
control circuit is encapsulated in a resinous material and disposed
in a casing composed of a non-magnetic material. The switching
circuit is also disposed in the casing adjacent the encapsulated
signal control circuit.
Other specific embodiments of the alarm system made in accordance
with this invention include the use of variable resistance means
electrically connected to transistor means for establishing and
maintaining predetermined induced signal response characteristics
in the transistor means. While some prior art devices simply
distinguish among the types of dangers to which it responds, the
present alarm system is designed to eliminate extraneous
alternating current frequency from the induced signal control
circuit. It is through the specific circuit means set forth herein
and the manner in which the control device is constructed that
provides a unique approach and substantially improved results in
working characteristics under severe environmental conditions.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Other objects of this invention will appear in the following
description and appended claims, reference being made to the
accompanying drawings forming a part of the specification wherein
like reference characters designate corresponding parts in the
several views.
FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of a control device made in
accordance with this invention,
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view partially in section of the
device shown in FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 is a back elevational view of the device of FIG. 1 with the
cover removed,
FIG. 4 is a bottom elevational view of the device of FIG. 1,
FIG. 5 is a circuitry diagram of the induced signal control circuit
made in accordance with this invention, and
FIG. 6 is a circuitry diagram of the switching circuit made in
accordance with this invention.
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENT
More specifically, an alarm device as shown in FIG. 1 includes a
casing 100 on which is mounted a warning lamp 81 which lights
intermittently when a voltage is induced in a sensor cable (not
shown). The sensor cable is attached to the casing 100 at the
sensor connection 11a. The system is turned on when the battery
switch 52 is in the on position. The sensor cable is mounted on an
object such as the boom of a crane which might enter an
electrostatic field. The manner in which the sensor cable or
antenna is mounted onto the moving object is well known in the
prior art and does not form a part of this invention. When the
sensor cable is moved sufficiently close to a high voltage power
line, the electrostatic field surrounding the power line induces a
voltage in the sensor cable. The sensitivity of the system to the
electrostatic field which induces the voltage is adjusted through
the sensitivity switches 14 and 23. In this specific embodiment,
there is a coarse sensitivity control 14 and a fine sensitivity
control 23. The battery switch 52 is connected to the battery of
the system and the alarm device is operable when the switch 52 is
in the on position. It may be desirable to have an exterior alarm
attached to the system. In this instance, the exterior alarm switch
82 is placed in the on position.
Various types of warning devices may be used. The warning light 81
mounted in the casing 100 is a primary warning signal in this
specific embodiment. Audible sounding devices may be used for
warning the driver and other ground personnel when the alarm device
is activated. Other exterior and remote lights may also be used in
conjunction with the warning system.
The warning device of this invention can be adjusted to actuate the
alarm at any desired distance from one foot to several hundred feet
depending upon the voltage of the energized power line. When the
strength of the electrostatic field around the power line exceeds
the minimum desired working distance, the alarm mechanism such as
warning light 81 and an external light will blink or a horn will
sound. The rate of blinking will increase or the oscillating of the
audible alarm will increase as the object such as a boom or
extension moves close to the energized power line. The alarm system
will continue to warn until the object is withdrawn from the danger
zone.
Test switch 12 is located in the casing 100 for the purpose of
testing the switching circuitry or the signal control circuitry of
the alarm system. A sensor test light 80 will be turned on when the
test switch 12 is placed in the on condition, if the sensor cable
(not shown) is in working order.
A bank of connectors 101 is disposed on the bottom portion of the
device of this embodiment for attaching the various alarms and
battery sources that are used to supply energy to the alarm
system.
The control device made in accordance with this invention has two
basic circuit portions mounted in the casing 100. The control
device circuitry includes a switching circuit portion and an
encapsulated signal control circuit portion. The switching circuit
portion is shown in detail in FIG. 6 and the signal control circuit
portion is shown in FIG. 5. The switching circuit includes test
circuitry, sensitivity circuitry and alarm circuitry disposed in
the casing 100. As shown in FIG. 3, the coarse sensitivity control
14 includes a bank of capacitors. The fine sensitivity control 23
is composed of a variable resistance. Toggle switches are used for
the battery switch 52 and exterior alarm switch 82. A pushbutton
device is used to form the test circuitry switch 12. The relay 41
is mounted in the casing and is in a normally de-energized state.
The wires have been removed from the drawing as shown in FIG. 3 for
clarity.
An encapsulated module 10 is removably mounted within the casing
100 and includes the signal control circuitry which is shown in
detail in FIG. 5. The encapsulating process for the signal control
circuit 10 is accomplished in a standard prior art manner. The
circuitry as shown in FIG. 5 is placed in a housing or box
construction and filled with a resinous material. The housing is
made of a plastic material in this embodiment. The module 10 is
mounted on the support member 103, as shown in FIG. 2. Any type of
fastening means may be used. The switching circuitry and the
encapsulated signal control circuit 10 are disposed adjacent each
other within the casing 100 and connected through the use of a plug
means 24a and 24b.
It has been found that the casing 100 should be constructed of a
non-magnetic material in an effort to shield the highly sensitive
circuitry used in conjunction with the construction of this alarm
control device. In this specific embodiment, an aluminum alloy is
used to shield against electrostatic pickup and possible
electromagnetic effects. The construction as described hereinabove
provides a very rugged device heretofore unavailable in the prior
art. The use of the particular circuit in the encapsulated module
10 has overcome the problems associated with fatigue failure due to
vibration. In addition, the control device of this invention has
become suited to use under very high temperature conditions. The
use of sealing means between the cover 102 and the casing 100
provides a dust barrier which is a further significant improvement
over any of the prior art devices known and used heretofore.
The basic circuitry of the control device of this specific
embodiment is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. A sensor 11 consisting of
some type of antenna means is mounted along the portion of the
object which might come into contact with electrostatic field
around a power line. For example, the antenna means would be
mounted on the boom of a crane, on the fork portion of a fork lift
truck, or on the ladder portion of a ladder truck. When the sensor
cable is moved sufficiently close to a high voltage power line, the
electrostatic field which surrounds the power line induces a
voltage in the antenna means or sensor 11. The induced voltage is
applied to the capacitor voltage divider network generally
designated 14. The induced voltage is applied to contact 13b of the
test switch 12. The voltage divider network 14 is also referred to
as the coarse sensitivity control. The capacitor divider network 14
includes a capacitor 15 and a bank of capacitors 16 through 21.
In this specific embodiment, a 5 Megohm variable resistor 23 is
placed across the capacitor bank thereby constituting the fine
sensitivity control. The fine adjustment of the sensitivity is
accomplished by selecting any desired percentage of induced input
voltage across the capacitor bank and connecting it into the input
of the field effect transistor 25. The switching circuit as shown
in FIG. 6 is electrically connected to the encapsulated signal
control circuit as shown in FIG. 5 through the use of pins 1
through 8 located in the plug means 24a and 24b. One of the plug
means portions 24a and 24b is male and the other is female. The
input of the induced voltage is accomplished through pins 1 and 2
into the field effect transistor 25.
An important feature of this invention resides in the use of a
variable resistance 60 connected to the source 25a. The transistor
25 used in this specific embodiment is very sensitive to any
contamination around its leads. A breakdown will occur in the input
impedence by virtue of any building up of a conducting surface such
as oxidation layers or moisture. A primary problem associated with
prior art devices has been the collecting of such types of
contamination and the deposit of minerals which effectively changes
the input impedence of the transistor means used in the circuitry.
A basic problem has been discovered in the mass production of the
control device of this invention wherein commercially available
transistors are very different from each other. This basic problem
is found to exist in the establishing of a consistent proper
biasing potential when commercially available transistors are used
in the production of such a control device. For this reason, the
variable resistance 60 is used to provide the proper biasing
potential for the transistor 25 thereby improving the repeatability
with respect to sensitivity established in each alarm control
device being produced.
The transistors 25 and 26 constitute a two stage direct coupled
amplifier. The input voltage which is induced in the sensor 11 is
amplified by the transistors 25 and 26 and subsequently applied to
the emitter-follower transistor 27. One of the basic problems
associated with the prior art devices has been the difficulties
associated with extraneous alternating current frequencies. The
inclusion of capacitor 62 has solved this basic problem by limiting
the range frequencies to which the control device will respond. It
is essential that the alarm is not triggered when regular
transmitters are used at the work site or when the work is being
done in the vicinity of a radio transmitter of any sort. The
capacitor 62 acts as a very low impedance shunt or bypass. The
impedance is effective to pass frequencies of about 60 cycles per
second up to about 450 cycles per second. Once beyond this range,
said impedance begins to roll off thereby providing a decrease in
response. It has also been found necessary to incorporate the use
of a further capacitor 67 to overcome the radio frequency problem.
The use of this particular shunting capacitor 67 allows the bypass
of all lower frequency components to the case through the pin 8
attached to the ground.
The amplified input voltage is taken from the emitter-follower 27
and applied to a half-wave voltage doubler means and a filter. The
half-wave voltage doubler means consists of the diodes 28 and 29.
The amplified input signal is coupled across the capacitor 70 to
the junction of the diodes 28 and 29. On the positive half cycle,
the diode 29 will be conductive and diode 28 will be open. During
this cycle, the capacitor 70 will charge to the full peak value of
that positive wave form. On the next half cycle, or negative half
cycle, the diode 29 will be in the off condition and diode 28 will
be biased forwardly. That is, the negative half cycle will cause
current flow to diode 28 and the voltage that was charged
previously in capacitor 70 will also be applied through diode 28
thereby applying twice the voltage across the diode 28. This diode
configuration thereby produces a doubled half-wave pulse which is
subsequently sent through the filter consisting of resistor 30 and
capacitor 31. The filter means establishes the doubled half-wave to
a DC level proportional to the amplitude of the input voltage. The
capacitor 31 substantially eliminates any ripple that may be
apparent in the half-wave rectified signal. The capacitor 31
charges upon the half-cycle and then discharges so that only a DC
voltage potential that is fully filtered is supplied to the
transistor 32. The voltage at this point in the circuit varies from
about 0 to about 3 volts.
The proportional DC voltage is applied to a normally conducting
transistor 32. When the induced signal is present, the voltage
comes to the base 32c in a negative direction and will eventually
cause the transistor 32 to turn off. When the transistor 32 turns
off, the capacitor 36 starts to charge up to a higher level and the
uni-junction transistor 37 begins to fire. The negative half-wave
is used to cut off the normally conducting transistor 32 thereby
allowing the uni-junction transistor 37 to begin oscillation. The
oscillation of the uni-junction transistor 37 is established at a
frequency determined by the conductive state of transistor 32. In
this specific embodiment, the maximum frequency of oscillation is 5
pulses per second. In this way, the oscillating means is completely
compatible with the audible alarms that are used.
Another feature of this invention resides at the point where a
variable resistance 34 is used in conjunction with the oscillating
transistor 37. A basic production problem occurs when uni-junction
transistors such as those used in the circuitry of this control
device are purchased in bulk. All of these uni-junction transistors
have different firing points. They vary considerably with regard to
their sensitivity. The transistors having sensitive firing points
will oscillate at a much higher frequency. In that instance, a
larger amount of resistance must be inserted in combination
therewith to slow the oscillation down. It has been found that the
combination of using a variable resistance 34 to standardize the
oscillating frequency of the transistor 37 together with
encapsulation of the entire circuit provides a totally
standardized, highly efficient and workable device in the field.
This result has heretofore been unknown with respect to alarm
devices used to give warning when an object approaches an
electrostatic field around an energized power line.
Another feature of this invention is directed to the use of a pulse
stretcher means to insure a solid signal for driving the alarms
used with the control device of this invention. As the pulse from
the uni-junction transistor 37 is applied to the transistor 38,
there is a very rapid charge of the capacitor 40 through the diode
39. Once the pulse is gone, the transistor 38 returns to a
non-conducting state and the capacitor 40 has to discharge slowly
through the resistance 41. In other words, the transistor 38 is
normally non-conducting until it is pulsed by the output from the
uni-junction transistor 37. The fast charge existing in the
capacitor 40 and the slow discharge thereof effectuates the
stretching out of the pulse. The resulting pulses are approximately
80 milliseconds in duration. These pulses are applied to the pulse
amplifier 43 through the resistance 42.
The amplified output of transistor 43 is applied to a high current
transistor switch 45 and pin 5 of the plug means 24b. This
circuitry connection allows current to flow through the alarm relay
46 across pins 5 and 6 from pin 7 through resistance 47 to pin 6 of
plug 24b. Current continues through alarm relay 46 to pin 5 through
high current transistor 45 and then to pin 4. Diode 48 serves to
dampen high voltage spikes which may be produced by the coil relay
46.
When the alarm relay 46 is energized, contacts 49, 50 and 51 are
closed. Contact 49 connects the ungrounded vehicle battery terminal
to the external terminal of the boom light and the alarm spares.
The contact 51 connects the alarm light 81 across the crane battery
supply at pins 4 and 7 of plug 24a. The flow of current is effected
only when the switch 52 is in the on or closed position. In this
embodiment, the relay 46 is a 6 volt relay. When this relay is used
in conjunction with resistor 47, a louder clicking sound will
result than if a 12 volt relay is used.
A very important feature of this invention is directed to the
problem which was discovered to exist only after prior art devices
were used in the field. It was found that the output voltage from
the generator and battery systems of vehicles such as cranes varies
drastically. It is determined that such output voltage variation in
the power supply of the vehicle itself adversely affected the
frequency of oscillation for the oscillating means 37. It is
necessary to hold this voltage constant and thereby effectuate a
highly efficient and standardized circuitry which would operate
properly in the field. In this particular embodiment, the voltage
regulating means accepts voltages from about 10 volts to about 16
volts and regulates it down to about 8 to 8 1/2 volts. The zener
diode 54 used in combination with the transistor 53 constitutes the
voltage regulating means across the supply voltage of the vehicle
which includes the voltage across the generator and battery system
thereof. It was the discovery of this particular problem that led
to the solution proposed by the inventors and resulted in a sound
alarm control device which is extremely efficient and highly
reproducible. None of these advantages were available in the known
prior art devices. The capacitor 56 acts as a filter to prevent
noise from the vehicle battery power supply from entering the
circuitry of the control device. The resistors 71 and 72 and
capacitor 68 provide additional filtering against such noise.
The testing circuitry includes the test button 12 and contacts 13a,
13b and 13c. The contacts 13a, 13b and 13c are moved from their
lower positions as shown in FIG. 6 to their upper closed positions
when the button 12 is pressed. Contact 13a connects the base
terminal of the shunt transistor 32 to ground. This manually cuts
off conduction in the transistor 32 and causes the oscillator 37 to
oscillate at its maximum rate of 5 pulses per second. The
oscillation of transistor 37 checks the relay alarm light 81 and
the external outputs which may be connected to audible alarms. At
the same time the button 12 is pressed, contacts 13b and 13c make a
path to allow battery current to flow from the on-off switch 52
through the sensor 11 from terminal A to B, through 13b to the
sensor power test lamp 80. The closing of this circuitry tests the
continuity of the sensor cable. If there is a break in the sensor
cable somewhere along the vehicle, the lamp 80 will not be turned
on.
ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION
Known prior art devices used in the field were highly subject to
fatigue failure and extremely inefficient. At the same time, there
was a high sensitivity to stray or extraneous radio frequency
signals which would inadvertently cause the alarms in the prior art
systems to be activated. While some of the prior art devices were
designed to be sensitive to the electrostatic field around an
energized power line, they were also affected by the
electromagnetic field. Where an alarm system is sensitive to the
electromagnetic field which varies with the load on the line,
normal variations charge the sensitivity of the alarm device
without the operator knowing it. Therefore, there is a basic
advantage in having a control alarm system that is sensitive only
to the electrostatic field.
Where there is a DC energized power line, it is possible that the
capacitor coupling of the alarm system made in accordance with this
invention will be usable. That is, most of the industrial DC
sources are actually non-filtered and have a high component of AC
current in them. As a result, it is possible to use the alarm
system of this invention in so-called DC direct current
environments in which the alternating current component is
sufficiently high to detect.
Another basic advantage of the alarm system made in accordance with
this invention is that it is mass-producible due to its use of very
simple and straightforward components made in an encapsulated
module unit. The various uses of voltage regulating means,
filtering means and variable resistance means allow the units to be
more repeatable in the field. That is, the best that could be
accomplished with prior art devices was to effect a 50 percent
variation from one control device to the next with respect to the
sensitivity to the electrostatic field. In other words, it would be
necessary to adjust the unit as much as 50 percent before the
appropriate sensitivity would be attained. However, with the
control device of the present invention, it is possible to obtain
an adjustment down within the 10 percent range and there is a
substantial reduction of the variations between units.
The basic use of a switching circuit portion in combination with
encapsulated signal control circuitry portion has overcome many of
the failures which have been caused by fatigue due to vibration
environment. In addition, the basic mechanical integrity of the
control device has been improved substantially and in a manner that
allows the device to be commercially acceptable as compared to the
prior art devices which were not commercially acceptable.
While the basic circuitry of the alarm device has been described in
its operation to warn of an electrostatic field, it is possible
that other types of dangerous conditions may be indicated in an
alarm system made in accordance with this invention. For example,
it may be possible to provide a means which will energize the relay
when the movement of the vehicle and its projections come into a
dangerous condition. That is, when the boom of a work vehicle is
raised too high or put in an otherwise dangerous condition, a
switch could be closed and the alarm be made to sound.
While the proximity alarm has been shown and described in detail,
it is obvious that this invention is not to be considered as being
limited to the exact form disclosed, and that changes in detail and
construction may be made therein within the scope of the invention,
without departing from the spirit thereof.
* * * * *