U.S. patent number 3,745,307 [Application Number 05/140,752] was granted by the patent office on 1973-07-10 for apparatus for curing solvent-free printing material.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Sun Chemical Corporation. Invention is credited to Henry C. Newman, Sandford C. Peek, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,745,307 |
Peek, Jr. , et al. |
July 10, 1973 |
APPARATUS FOR CURING SOLVENT-FREE PRINTING MATERIAL
Abstract
Printing apparatus utilizing lamps generating ultraviolet light
to cure solvent-free ink by photopolymerization is provided with
lamp reflectors having shutters to permit the lamps to remain
energized while the printed work conveyor is stopped or is moving
at a slow rate. A plurality of such lamps, each with an individual
shutter, are arranged in parallel rows extending transverse to
direction of movement of the work. The number of reflectors having
open shutters is automatically coordinated with work conveyor
speed, with an increase in conveyor speed being accompanied by an
increase in the number of reflectors having open shutters. As each
shutter is closed, the lamp voltage is reduced to a standby point
where the lamp remains fired and at the same time increased air
circulation is provided for cooling of the associated reflector. A
liquid cooled plate is positioned behind the work feed path to
shield other elements of the apparatus from lamp radiation.
Inventors: |
Peek, Jr.; Sandford C.
(Oceanport, NJ), Newman; Henry C. (Scotch Plains, NJ) |
Assignee: |
Sun Chemical Corporation (New
York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
22492651 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/140,752 |
Filed: |
May 6, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
219/388; 219/216;
392/421; 432/42; 432/55; 392/417; 432/31; 432/45; 34/278 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B41F
23/04 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B41F
23/00 (20060101); B41F 23/04 (20060101); F27b
009/24 () |
Field of
Search: |
;263/3,8 ;34/155,4 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Camby; John J.
Claims
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive privilege or
property is claimed are defined as follows:
1. Apparatus including curing means for solvent-free coating and
printing material, said curing means including radiant energy
means, and conveyor means for moving work to which said material is
applied along a feed path in front of said radiant energy means,
whereby radiation therefrom impinges on said work and cures the
material thereon; said radiant energy means comprising a plurality
of sections each including an ultraviolet-producing lamp, a
reflector to direct radiation from said lamp toward said feed path,
shutter means operable to a closed position to block radiation from
reaching said feed path, operating means to open and close said
shutter means; said first control means to automatically coordinate
operation of said conveyor means and said radiant energy means,
whereby an increase in speed of said conveyor means is accompanied
by an increase in the number of said sections having their shutter
means open.
2. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1, in which there is a cooling
element closely spaced with respect to said feed path and on the
side thereof remote from said radiant energy means to shield other
elements of said apparatus from having said radiation impinge
thereon.
3. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1, in which the lamp has a
characteristic in which there is an operating current at which a
normal radiation level is present, a radiation extinguishing
current below said operating current, and a standby current at
which a significantly reduced radiation level is present, said
standby current being between said operating and extinguishing
currents; another control means to automatically coordinate
energization of said lamp and operation of said shutter means,
whereby upon closing of said shutter means energization of said
lamp is reduced from said operating current to said standby
current.
4. Apparatus as set forth in claim 3, in which there is a cooling
element closely spaced with respect to said feed path and on the
side thereof remote from said radiant energy means to shield other
elements of said apparatus from having said radiation impinge
thereon.
5. Apparatus including curing means for solvent-free coating and
printing material, said curing means including radiant energy
means, and conveyor means for moving work to which said material is
applied along a feed path in front of said radiant energy means,
whereby raidation therefrom impinges on said work and cures the
material thereon; said radiant energy means comprising a plurality
of sections each including a lamp, a reflector to direct radiation
from said lamp toward said feed path, shutter means operable to a
closed position to block radiation from reaching said feed path,
operating means to open and close said shutter means; said first
control means to automatically coordinate operation of said
conveyor means and said radiant energy means, whereby an increase
in speed of said conveyor means is accompanied by an increase in
the number of said sections having their shutter means open; and a
cooling element closely spaced with respect to said feed path and
on the side thereof remote from said radiant energy means to shield
other elements of said apparatus from having said radiation impinge
thereon, said cooling element comprising a liquid-cooled plate
means.
6. Apparatus including curing means for solvent-free coating and
printing material, said curing means including radiant energy
means, and conveyor means for moving work to which said material is
applied along a feed path in front of said radiant energy means,
whereby radiation therefrom impinges on said work and cures the
material thereon; said radiant energy means comprising a plurality
of sections each including a lamp, a reflector to direct radiation
from said lamp toward said feed path, shutter means operable to a
closed position to block radiation from reaching said feed path,
operating means to open and close said shutter means; said first
control means to automatically coordinate operation of said
conveyor means and said radiant energy means, whereby an increase
in speed of said conveyor means is accompanied by an increase in
the number of said sections having their shutter means open, said
reflector being an elongated hood-like member of elliptical
cross-section and the shutter means comprising elongated reflecting
sections connected to the reflector along opposite edges
thereof.
7. Apparatus including curing means for solvent-free coating and
printing material, said curing means including radiant energy
means, and conveyor means for moving work to which said material is
applied along a feed path in front of said radiant energy means,
whereby radiation therefrom impinges on said work and cures the
material thereon; said radiant energy means comprising a plurality
of sections each including an ultraviolet-producing lamp, a
reflector to direct radiation from said lamp toward said feed path,
shutter means operable to a closed position to block radiation from
reaching said feed path, operating means to open and close said
shutter means; said first control means to automatically coordinate
operation of said conveyor means and said radiant energy means,
whereby an increase in speed of said conveyor means is accompanied
by an increase in the number of said sections having their shutter
means open, said lamp having a characteristic in which there is an
operating current at which a normal radiation level is present, a
radiation extinguishing current below said operating current, and a
standby current at which a significantly reduced radiation level is
present, said standby current being between said operating and
extinguishing currents; another control means to automatically
coordinate energization of said lamp and operation of said shutter
means, whereby upon closing of said shutter means energization of
said lamp is reduced from said operating current to said standby
current.
8. Apparatus including curing means for solvent-free coating and
printing material, said curing means including radiant energy
means, and conveyor means for moving work to which said material is
applied along a feed path in front of said radiant energy means,
whereby radiation therefrom impinges on said work and cures the
material thereon; said radiant energy means comprising a plurality
of sections each including a lamp, a reflector to direct radiation
from said lamp toward said feed path, shutter means operable to a
closed position to block radiation from reaching said feed path,
operating means to open and close said shutter means; said first
control means to automatically coordinate operation of said
conveyor means and said radiant energy means, whereby an increase
in speed of said conveyor means is accompanied by an increase in
the number of said sections having their shutter means open, said
lamp having a characteristic in which there is an operating current
at which a normal radiation level is present, a radiation
extinguishing current below said operating current, and a standby
current at which a significantly reduced radiation level is
present, said standby current being between said operating and
extinguishing currents; another control means to automatically
coordinate energization of said lamp and operation of said shutter
means, whereby upon closing of said shutter means energization of
said lamp is reduced from said operating current to said standby
current; and a cooling element closely spaced with respect to said
feed path and on the side thereof remote from said radiant energy
means to shield other elements of said apparatus from having said
radiation impinge thereon, said cooling element comprising a
liquid-cooled plate means.
9. Apparatus including curing means for solvent-free coating and
printing material, said curing means including radiant energy
means, and conveyor means for moving work to which said material is
applied along a feed path in front of said radiant energy means,
whereby radiation therefrom impinges on said work and cures the
material thereon; said radiant energy means comprising a plurality
of sections each including a lamp, a reflector to direct radiation
from said lamp toward said feed path, shutter means operable to a
closed position to block radiation from reaching said feed path,
operating means to open and close said shutter means; said first
control means to automatically coordinate operation of said
conveyor means and said radiant energy means, whereby an increase
in speed of said conveyor means is accompanied by an increase in
the number of said sections having their shutter means open, said
lamp having a characteristic in which there is an operating current
at which a normal radiation level is present, a radiation
extinguishing current below said operating current, and a standby
current at which a significantly reduced radiation level is
present, said standby current being between said operating and
extinguishing currents; another control means to automatically
coordinate energization of said lamp and operation of said shutter
means, whereby upon closing of said shutter means energization of
said lamp is reduced from said operating current to said standby
current, wherein said lamp includes an elongated envelope and the
reflector is an elongated hood-like member positioned behind the
envelope and extending the length thereof.
10. Apparatus as set forth in claim 9, in which the elongated
hood-like member is of generally elliptical cross-section, and the
shutter means comprises elongated reflecting sections connected to
the reflector along opposite edges thereof.
Description
This invention relates to printing apparatus in general, and more
particularly relates to means for curing solvent-free inks, and is
an improvement over the apparatus disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
3,159,464 issued Dec. 1, 1964, to H. C. Early et al. for a Method
of Drying Printed Webs.
Solvent-free inks and other solvent-free coatings are finding
increased utilization in industry, particularly in view of the fact
that use of such materials greatly lowers or completely eliminates
air pollution of the type that results from the curing of
solvent-bearing inks and coatings. High-speed curing of
solvent-free materials is accomplished by utilizing high-power
ultraviolet radiation which is directed at the material immediately
after application thereof.
In accordance with the instant invention, in printing apparatus
ultraviolet radiation is produced by a plurality of parallel
elongated tubes extending transverse to the direction of movement
of the printed material. Associated with each lamp is an elliptical
reflector means for concentrating the ultraviolet radiation in
narrow bands impinging upon the printed material as the latter
leaves the printing station of the apparatus. The reflector is
force-cooled by air circulation primarily at the rear of the
reflector, since excessive cooling on the lamp side of the
reflector would cause the lamp to cool excessively and extinguish.
Shutter means having reflector properties are operable to a closed
position to block light from impinging upon the printed material
without the necessity of extinguishing the lamp.
Shutter operation is coordinated with speed of travel of the
printed material past the lamps, with a decrease of speed
automatically being accompanied by a decrease in the amount of
ultraviolet light impinging instantaneously on the printed matter,
such automatic control being accomplished by closing the shutters
for the required number of lamps.
Since the refiring time for the lamps in question is usually in the
neighborhood of ten to twelve minutes, in order to conserve press
time, the lamps should not be extinguished. Thus, in order to
prevent excessive heating of the reflector when its shutter is
closed, the lamp is operated at reduced or standby power, with
firing maintained, and increased air circulation is applied for
cooling of the reflector.
When the printed matter passes in front of the ultraviolet
producing lamps, such printed matter is closely spaced from a
cooling plate means upon which the ultraviolet rays would impinge
in the absence of printed matter, as when sheets, rather than a
web, are being printed. The presence of the cooling plate means
protects other components of the apparatus from heat damage and
prevents heating of any components that could be contacted by paper
from being heated to the kindling point of paper.
Accordingly, a primary object of the instant invention is to
provide improved photopolymerization means to cure solvent-free
inks and coatings.
Another object is to provide means for automatically regulating
lamp energy applied to moving work as a function of the speed
thereof.
Still another object is to provide improved coordinated operation
between a lamp, cooling means for the lamp reflector, and shutter
means to selectively block energy from the sheet.
A further object is to provide novel means to protect printing
apparatus elements from excessive heating as a result of lamp
energy provided for curing of ink.
These objects as well as other objects of this invention will
become readily apparent after reading the following description of
the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustrating a portion of printing apparatus
constructed in accordance with teachings of the instant
invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective of a lamp reflector assembly for the
apparatus of FIG. 1.
FIGS. 3 and 4 are end views of the lamp reflector assembly, looking
from left to right, with respect to FIG. 2. In FIG. 3 the
reflector-shutter is opened and in FIG. 4 the shutter is
closed.
FIG. 5 is an elevation showing a fragment of the reflector sheet
and its loose connection to the reflector housing.
FIG. 6 is a cross-section taken through line 6--6 of FIG. 5,
looking in the direction of arrows 6--6.
Now referring to the figures. Printing apparatus 10, illustrated
schematically in FIG. 1, includes feed chain 11 driven in the
direction of arrow A by feed sprocket 12 and guided by idler 13 and
additional idlers (not shown). A plurality of releasable grippers
14 carried by feed chain 11 hold individual sheets 15 for
conveyance by chain 11 along a feed path that extends between
pressure cylinder 17 and print cylinder 18.
After printing is applied to sheets 15, they pass over water-cooled
plate 21, being spaced thereabove by approximately 1 inch. While
sheets 15 pass over cooling plate 21, they pass beneath radiant
energy source lamp-reflector assemblies 26-29 to cure by
photopolymerization the solvent-free ink applied to sheets 15 by
print cylinder 18. As will hereinafter be seen, each assembly 26-29
causes a high intensity radiant image to be formed on work surface
or feed path traveled by sheets 15. Since each of the assemblies
26-29 is identical, only the essential details of assembly 26 will
be hereinafter described by particular reference to FIGS. 2-5.
Assembly 26 includes elongated tubular ultraviolet-producing lamp
31 and stationary hood-like elliptical reflector sheet 32
positioned to the rear of lamp 31 to focus energy near peak
intensity from lamp 31, so that such energy is concentrated over a
short distance along the feed path for chain 11 and housing 36 to
the rear of reflector sheet 32 provides a support for sheet 32 and
lamp sockets 37. Reflector extensions 33, 34 are hinged to housing
36 along the lower edges of concave bottom wall section 36a and
constitute a shutter means operable between the open position of
FIG. 3 and the closed position of FIG. 4. Typically, lamp 31 is a
quartz, medium pressure, mercury discharge tube, in the power range
of 50 to 400 watts per inch.
Housing 36 is constructed of structurally strong metal, whereas
reflector 32 is of relatively thin stock, typically 0.005 to 0.150
inch thick. Preferably, the latter is constructed of a lightweight
metal that retains reflective properties by resisting oxidation
even in an oxidizing atmosphere accompanied by heat and ultraviolet
radiation. Suitable metals are sold under the trademarks Lurium and
Alzak. Reflector 32 is mounted to concave housing wall 36a by a
plurality of screws 88 (FIGS. 5 and 6) that pass through
longitudinally extending slots 87 in reflector 32. This type of
mounting permits reflector 32 to expand and contract independently
of housing 36 when temperature differentials are present. Relative
movement between reflector 32 and housing wall 36a is also
facilitated by having the threaded body of screw 88 of a diameter
substantially less than the width of slot 87.
Housing 36 is shaped to provide a conduit to guide flow of cooling
air over the rear surface of housing wall 36a which is in contact,
or heat conducting relationship, with reflector sheet 32. In
particular, lamp tube 31 is positioned at the focus of elliptical
reflector 32, which extends along the full length of lamp 31.
In a manner well known to the art, electrical connections to lamp
31 are made through cap-type sockets 37 at opposite ends of lamp
31, with such sockets being mechanically supported at opposite ends
of housing 36 on end walls 36b, 36c thereof. Additional holes 89 in
walls 36b, 36c are provided for repositioning of sockets 37,
depending upon the orientation of assembly 26 with respect to earth
in that the arc in lamp 31 tends to rise toward the top of the lamp
tube. Thus, in order to maintain the arc at the focal point of
reflector sheet 32, sockets 37 must be appropriately
positioned.
The top wall of housing 36 is provided with a plurality of indented
louvers 38, while the inwardly turned portions at the bottom edges
of housing 36 are provided with a plurality of small holes 39. Left
end wall 36b of housing 36 is provided with circular exhaust
opening 42, surrounded by outwardly extending cylindrical sleeve
43. A flexible conduit (not shown) from a suction blower (not
shown) is adapted to be attached to sleeve 43 to draw air into
housing 36 through louvers 38, with such air circulating over the
rear surface wall 36a to cool reflector 32. Holes 39 along the
lower edges of housing 36 are provided for drawing off of ozone,
generated by ignited lamp 31, especially during warm-up thereof,
into the air stream generated by the suction blower shown
schematically in FIG. 1 as dual speed fan 46.
The inner surfaces of shutters 33, 34 are polished to reflect the
energy from lamp 31 and cooperate with reflector sheet 32 in
concentrating this energy. Baffle sheets 41b, 41c, inboard of end
walls 36b, 36c respectively, are provided with reflecting surfaces
to reflect energy back into the work area and assist reflector
sheet 32 in preventing energy intensity drop-off at the end regions
of reflector 32. Baffle sheets also serve to partially shield
sockets 37 from the heating effects of lamp radiation. Concave wall
36a in the regions between baffles 41b and 41c and their respective
near end walls 36b, 36c are provided with apertures 83 through
which cooling air is drawn over sockets 37. Thus, fan 46 creates a
suction on negative pressure, which causes air to flow in chambers
80b, 80c past the lamp ends in sockets 37 and through housing
chamber 79, in such a manner that sockets 37 and reflector 32 are
cooled, yet little if any air moves past the major portion of the
lamp body.
Shutter sections 33, 34 are hingedly connected at 47, 48 to the
free edges of concave housing wall 36a along the entire length
thereof. Follower rollers 51, 52 are secured to the free edges of
the respective shutter parts 33, 34 and are disposed to move within
slot 53 of operating member 54. Upward movement of upper 54 is
effective to force rollers 51, 52 to converge, thereby operating
shutter 33, 34 from the open position of FIG. 3 to the closed
position of FIG. 4.
In operation conveyor speed control 56 (FIG. 1), acting to control
the speed of drive sprocket 12, feeds signals to control 55, which
sequentially operates the shutters of lamp reflector assemblies
26-29. More particularly, as work conveyor 11 slows down, the
number of shutters operated to close positions is increased so as
to prevent overheating of the work. That is, as printed sheets 15
move at a slower rate they are in the field of radiant energy
source 25 for a longer time, so that in order to maintain the total
quantity of radiant energy impinging on printed sheets 15 to a
desired level it is necessary to decrease the available energy from
source 25 that is applied to printed sheets 15. This is
accomplished by closing the shutters of those lamp reflector
assemblies 26-29 that are not required.
Operation of the shutter means 33, 34 for each of the assemblies
26-29 is coordinated by control 60, so that upon closing of shutter
33, 34 lamp voltage is reduced to a point where current through
lamp 31 is at a standby level, much lower than the operating
current level. At the same time reflector cooling is increased,
through increase of blower motor speed or operation of a damper
(not shown). It is noted that standby current is at a level which
will maintain lamp 31 in a fired condition. Conversely, opening of
shutter 33, 34 is accompanied by an increase in lamp voltage and a
decrease in the amount of cooling air impinging on stationary
reflector 32. Increased cooling is required when shutter 33, 34 is
closed even though lamp voltage is reduced, in that lamp 31 is in a
substantially enclosed region that does not have the extensive
opening that is present when shutter 33, 34 is open.
Cooling plate 21 is preferably water-cooled, and is positioned so
as to shield the other elements of apparatus 10 from the rays of
radiant energy source 25. This is particularly important in a sheet
printing machine, as shown, rather than in a web machine, because
of the fact that there are extensive spaces between adjacent
sheets. In the absence of cooling plate 21, such spaces between
sheets 15 would permit rays from energy source 25 to impinge upon
and heat other elements of apparatus 10, either to the point of
destruction or to a point where they become so hot that contact by
sheet 15 would be sufficient to cause a fire.
Although there have been described preferred embodiments of this
novel invention, many variations and modifications will now be
apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, this invention is
to be limited not by the specific disclosure herein but only by the
appending claims.
* * * * *