U.S. patent number 3,744,611 [Application Number 05/104,893] was granted by the patent office on 1973-07-10 for electro-thermic printing device.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Ing. C. Olivetti & C., S.p.A.. Invention is credited to Franco Knirsch, Lucio Montanari.
United States Patent |
3,744,611 |
Montanari , et al. |
July 10, 1973 |
ELECTRO-THERMIC PRINTING DEVICE
Abstract
An electrothermal printer for non-impact printing on plain paper
which makes use of a ribbon which is made up of a substrate having
a thermal transferrable ink coated on the surface towards the plain
paper and a coating of electrically resistive material on the other
side. The ribbon is held in contact with the paper while a
plurality of selectively energizable electrodes are held in contact
with the resistive material coated side of the ribbon. The
electrodes are selectively energized for causing a current to pass
through an incremental portion of the resistive material to another
electrode which is held in contact with said resistive material a
short distance from said selectively energizable electrodes. The
current in the incremental portion of the resistive material causes
enough I.sup.2 R heating to soften the wax coated on the substrate
directly opposite to the heated portion. The softened ink transfers
to the plain paper sheet as a dot or a line.
Inventors: |
Montanari; Lucio (Cascinette,
IT), Knirsch; Franco (Pavone, IT) |
Assignee: |
Ing. C. Olivetti & C.,
S.p.A. (Ivrea (Torino), IT)
|
Family
ID: |
11299151 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/104,893 |
Filed: |
January 8, 1971 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Jan 9, 1970 [IT] |
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67046 A/70 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
400/118.3;
430/200; 347/199 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B41M
5/3825 (20130101); B41J 2/325 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B41J
2/325 (20060101); H05b 001/00 (); G01d
015/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;346/76,135 ;197/1
;101/1 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Burr; Edgar S.
Claims
We claim:
1. Electrothermal printing apparatus for printing with thermally
transferable ink on a receiving surface comprising:
an ink layer of thermally transferable ink, said ink layer being
immediately adjacent said receiving surface;
means for heating an isolated region of said thermally transferable
ink layer so as to transfer ink to said surface; said heating means
including:
a printing head having at least two electrodes of different
electrical potential;
a conducting layer for conducting electrical current from one to
the other of said electrodes attached to said ink layer, a
resistive layer attached to said conducting layer, said resistive
layer, said conducting layer and said ink layer forming an integral
ribbon, said printing head, said ribbon and said receiving surface
being movable with respect to each other;
said two electrodes being spaced a predetermined distance from each
other and contacting said resistive layer, to allow current to flow
through said conducting layer, the heat generated by said current
heating said ink layer.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a second less
resistive layer interposed between said ink layer and resistive
layer, said electrical current passing from one of said electrodes
through said resistive layer into said second resistive layer,
through said second resistive layer parallel to said ink layer, and
again through said resistive layer to the other said electrode.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said printing head
includes:
a row of selectively energizable points, and
two elongated electrodes parallel to said row and positioned on
opposite sides of said row.
4. Electrothermic printing device for printing upon a receiving
surface by means of a thermally transferable ink comprising, in
combination:
a laminated ribbon comprising:
an ink layer carrying a thermally transferable ink,
an insulating layer adjacent to said ink layer, and
a resistive layer adjacent to said insulating layer for conducting
electrical current,
first electrode means comprising an electrode member energizable to
a first electrical potential, said electrode member having an
elongated opening and a contact surface surrounding said elongated
opening, said contact surface engaging said resistive layer,
second electrode means comprising a plurality of wire probes each
selectively energizable to a second electrical potential, said
probes being positioned in said elongated opening spaced from one
another and from said electrode member, each said probe terminating
in a contact point aligned with said contact surface engaging said
resistive layer, and
means for moving said ribbon and said receiving surface with
respect to said first and second electrode means.
5. Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said resistive layer
comprises a conductive varnish and a support material, said varnish
being coated on said support material, said support material being
attached to said ink layer and said varnish contacting said
electrodes.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
The convention priority application for this invention is Italian
application No. 67046-A/70 filed on Jan. 9, 1970.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention refers generally to non-impact printing
systems, and more specifically to an electro-thermic printing
device, wherein a thermotransferable ink layer is printed on a
receiving surface in areas where the ink is softened by a source of
thermal energy.
Many thermal printing devices are known which print on plain paper
whereon is superimposed a sheet coated with a pigmented and
thermotransfereable layer, which layer is locally softened by heat
transfer apparatus receiving exact registration, and which then
adheres to the paper. One thermal printer uses as heat transfer
apparatus a modulated electronic beam, which requires complex and
bulky equipment not suitable, for example, for an office printing
machine.
Another thermal printer uses a sheet having a resistive layer, a
low resistance substrate and a pigmented wax layer, in contact with
the receiving sheet. A voltage is applied between a point of the
resistive layer and the substrate edge by means of an electrode,
which voltage causes a current to flow between the point and the
substrate edge through a portion of the substrate having a variable
length. The I.sup.2 R heating in the segment having a relatively
high resistance causes the wax to melt. This device has the
disadvantage that, by changing the electrode position, it changes
the circuit resistance, and therefore the current rate, which in
some positions will be such as not to melt the wax while in others
it will be such as to cuase excessive melting. Furthermore, if a
plurality of electrodes operate simultaneously, the currents in the
substrate are added and can produce enough I.sup.2 R heating to
cause printing where it is undesired.
A further thermal printer uses a metal sheet of high conductivity
superimposed on a thermotransferable ink layer which is in turn
superimposed on plain paper sheet. An electrode of a different
metal is pressed on the high conductivity sheet, which electrode is
transversely displaceable on the sheet and connected to a generator
of electric voltage. When the electrode is displaced while voltage
is applied a current flows therethrough, which heats the ink lying
below. This device, however, requires high rated currents;
furthermore, since it is based upon the junction effect, it
requires a system capable of holding the stylus at a constant
pressure against the sheet of high conductivity material, it being
required that the electric characteristics of the junction do not
change with the stylus position.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The aforesaid disadvantages ore obviated by the device according to
the present invention, according to which a layer of resistive
material is superimposed on thermotransferable ink layer, and a
plurality of electrodes which are selectively energized with a
voltage are mounted in contact with the layer of resistive
material, in such a manner that a corresponding limited portion of
said resistive material is electrically connected in series with
each of said electrodes, so that the current in each of said
electrodes causes in a part of the corresponding limited portion of
the resistive layer sufficient I.sup.2 R heating for locally
softening the thermotransferable ink.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The following description represents a preferred embodiment of the
device according to the invention, made by the aid of the
accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of the device according to the
invention;
FIG. 2 represents a detail drawing of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 represents a cross-section of FIG. 2 according to line
III--III;
FIG. 4 represents an enlarged detail drawing of FIG. 3 not in
scale;
FIG. 5 represents an enlarged detail drawing of FIG. 3, not in
scale, according to a different embodiment of the device according
to the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In FIG. 1 there is schematically illustrated a typewriter which
includes a printing device according to the invention. The machine
comprises a usual alphanumeric keyboard 11 which controls, by means
of a coding device of known type (not shown) a printing head 13.
Head 13 is mounted on a carriage 14 which is step-by-step
transversely displaceable with respect to the machine by means of a
guiding system (not shown). The head 13 presses a special
typewriter ribbon 16 on a platen 19. The ribbon 16 is unwound from
a payout reel 17 and is wound on a take-up reel 18 by means of a
system commonly used in the typewriters. The paper 21, which is to
be printed upon, is fed between the platen 19 and the ribbon
16.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the head 13 includes a metal plate 22
whereon is provided a slot 23. Fitted into a projection 24 of the
plate 22 are a plurality of L-shaped electrodes 25, for example,
five, which are insulated from the plate 22. The shorter legs of
the electrodes 25 are inserted into the slot 23 of the plate 22 so
as not to contact it, and bear against the ribbon 16. Selectively
applied between each of the electrodes 25 and the plate 22 is a
voltage from the coding devices controlled by the keyboard 11. In
FIG. 4 there is represented a section of head 13, of ribbon 16 and
of paper 21. The thickness of ribbon 16 is exaggerated for sake of
illustration.
The ribbon 16 comprises a flexible insulating substrate 26, for
example, of paper, cotton, silk, polyethylene, etc., coated with a
resistive layer 27 on the side facing the printing head 13, and a
thermotransferable ink layer 28 on the side facing the paper 21.
The resistive layer 27 may be a coat of varnish containing
conductive pigments such as graphite or conductive carbon black and
metal particles. In order to improve the characteristics of the
layer, auxiliary agents as plasticizers, dispersants and
stabilizers may be added to the varnish.
For satisfactory operation of the printer the resistivity of the
layer 27 should be between approximately 50 ohms per square and
1,000 ohms per square. An example of a mixture for a conductive
varnish which for a 10 .mu. thick layer has a resistivity of 800
ohms per square is the following:
Vinilyte (Union Carbide Int.) 60 grs Carbon Black (Columbia Carbon
Co.) 70 grs Conductex DOP (Massimiliano Massa) 10 grs Raybo 6
(Raybo Chemical Co.) 3 grs MEC (RP. Erba) 100 grs
In the event of polymeric substrates 26 the conductive additives
may be mixed in the same plastic which, when extruded, forms a
conductive ribbon.
The thermotransferable ink 28 that is coated on the substrate 26 is
made of a binding means colored with pigments or dyes, or both,
suitable to melt at a well-determined melting point, to be
transferred by pressure onto the paper 21, and to solidify as soon
as heating is discontinued. The ink should be such as not to be
transferable at room temperature by means of pressure alone. To
this end there have been found to be useful vynil chloride acetate
copolymers, butadiene-styrene polymers, acrylic-vynilic copolymers,
terpene polymers, etc.
The ink should also include such auxiliary agents as plasticizers,
dispersing means and stabilizers.
When the voltage is applied between an electrode 25 and the platen
22, the current paths 31 take up the pattern represented in FIG. 4.
The current density is greater near the electrode 25, where the
highest I.sup.2 R heating occurs. The heat is transmitted by
conduction through the substrate 26 to the thermotransferable ink
28 which accordingly melts and is transferred to the paper 21. The
adhesion of the ink 28 to the paper 21 is aided by the pressure the
plate 22 exerts between the ribbon 16, the paper 21, and the platen
19 in the next character spacing. Since the ribbon is stationary
during the character spacing of the head 13 across the line with
respect to the paper, no quick cooling of the ink is required.
Upon striking a key on the keyboard 11, a voltage is selectively
applied to the electrodes 25 of the head 13, whereupon dots
corresponding to the energized electrodes are recorded on the paper
21. Subsequently the head 13 is advanced and another column of dots
are selectively recorded on the paper 21, and so forth throughout
five feeding steps. The selected character is in this way printed
by means of a matrix of dots.
In FIG. 5 is represented a different embodiment of the device
according to the invention, using a ribbon 16 comprising a
resistive layer 27 of the type as previously described, a flexible
highly conductive substrate 29 (for example, of alluminum or in any
case of a material combining high flexibility, mechanical
resistance and good electric conductivity features) and a
thermotransferable ink layer 28. When a voltage is applied between
an electrode 25 and the plate 22 the current paths 32 proceed
through the resistive layer 27, along a line which is parallel to
the electrodes 25, and in the highly conductive substrate 29
following a segment which is perpendicular to the first. Comparing
FIG. 5 with FIG. 4, it is noted that in this second ribbon
embodiment the area of the highest current path concentration, and
therefore the highest heat dissipation, is located at the
electrodes 25. In this way the recorded dots are better defined
than in the foregoing ribbon. With a ribbon of this type it is also
possible to print full characters, by the use of electrodes formed
as characters, located, for example, along the periphery of a
cylinder having its axis parallel to the ones of the platen 19, and
by a character selection device of a known type.
* * * * *