U.S. patent number 3,744,494 [Application Number 05/053,762] was granted by the patent office on 1973-07-10 for disposable diaper with improved containment characteristics.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Procter & Gamble Company. Invention is credited to Mario S. Marsan.
United States Patent |
3,744,494 |
Marsan |
July 10, 1973 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
DISPOSABLE DIAPER WITH IMPROVED CONTAINMENT CHARACTERISTICS
Abstract
A disposable diaper construction includes a water impervious
plastic backing sheet and, preferably, a hydrophobic,
moisture-permeable topsheet. An absorbent pad or core is interposed
between the backing sheet and the topsheet. Discontinuities in the
absorbent core provide lines of isolation between several adjacent
but separated core portions. The topsheet and backing sheet are
continuous in the relatively narrow areas which form the lines of
isolation. The fold lines of the diaper preferably coincide with
the lines of isolation. This structure results in improved fluid
containment as the lines of isolation between the adjoining core
portions provide a barrier to sidewise fluid flow such that liquids
tend to flow lengthwise of the diaper. In a preferred
configuration, the diaper has excellent fitting characteristics in
relation to the contours of the body of the infant, particularly
around the legs, and this results in further efficiencies from the
standpoint of fluid containment.
Inventors: |
Marsan; Mario S. (Cincinnati,
OH) |
Assignee: |
The Procter & Gamble
Company (Cincinnati, OH)
|
Family
ID: |
21986365 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/053,762 |
Filed: |
July 10, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
604/378; 604/370;
604/375; 604/385.23; 604/385.201 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61F
13/53409 (20130101); A61F 13/532 (20130101); A61F
13/49001 (20130101); A61F 2013/4581 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61F
13/15 (20060101); A61f 013/16 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/284,286,287,290,296 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Rosenbaum; Charles F.
Claims
What is claimed as new is:
1. In a disposable diaper having an absorbent core interposed
between a moisture-permeable topsheet and a backing sheet, the
improvement comprising:
a. a discontinuity in said absorbent core dividing said absorbent
core into separated portions and forming a line of isolation
intermediate said seperated portions,
b. the line of isolation extending from one peripheral location to
another peripheral location of the absorbent core,
c. said backing sheet being continuous in the area of said line of
isolation,
d. means in cooperation with said absorbent core for maintaining
said line of isolation between adjacent separated portions of the
absorbent core,
e. said line of isolation between the separated portions of the
absorbent core providing a fluid barrier for inhibiting fluid flow
in the diaper from a portion on one side of the line of isolation
to a portion on the other side of the line of isolation.
2. A disposable diaper as claimed in claim 1 wherein the absorbent
core is divided by lines of isolation into a central area, an
intermediate lateral area on either side thereof and an outer area
adjacent each of said intermediate lateral areas.
3. A disposable diaper as claimed in claim 1 including a plurality
of lines of isolation and wherein said means comprises a line of
attachment between the topsheet and the backing sheet in the areas
of the lines of isolation.
4. A disposable diaper as claimed in claim 1 wherein said diaper
has a plurality of lines of isolation each having a geometrically
hyperbolic characteristic and a central axis intermediate its end
extremities, said central axis being nearer the front edge of the
diaper than the back edge.
5. A disposable diaper as claimed in claim 1 wherein said line of
isolation is from about 1/4 inch to about 3/8 inch in width.
6. A disposable diaper as claimed in claim 2 including a plurality
of lines of isolation and wherein said means is a line of
attachment between the topsheet and the backing sheet in the areas
of the lines of isolation.
7. A disposable diaper as claimed in claim 2 wherein said diaper
has a plurality of lines of isolation each having a geometrically
hyperbolic characteristic and a central axis intermediate its end
extremities, said central axis being nearer the front edge of the
diaper than the back edge.
8. A disposable diaper as claimed in claim 3 wherein said lines of
isolation are from about 1/4 inch to about 3/8 inch in width.
9. A disposable diaper as claimed in claim 3 wherein said diaper
has a plurality of lines of isolation each having a geometrically
hyperbolic characteristic and a central axis intermediate its end
extremities, said central axis being nearer the front edge of the
diaper than the back edge.
10. A disposable diaper as claimed in claim 6 wherein said diaper
has a plurality of lines of isolation each having a geometrically
hyperbolic characteristic and a central axis intermediate its end
extremities, said central axis being nearer the front edge of the
diaper than the back edge.
11. In a disposable diaper having an absorbent core interposed
between a moisture-permeable topsheet and a backing sheet, an
improvement, comprising:
a said absorbent core being divided into separated portions and
having a discontinuity of absorbent material between said
portions,
b said discontinuity forming a line of isolation intermediate said
separated portions,
c said backing sheet being continuous in the area of said line of
isolation,
d whereby said line of isolation between the separated portions of
the absorbent core provides a fluid barrier for inhibiting fluid
flow in the diaper from a portion on one side of the line of
isolation to a portion on the other side of the line of
isolation.
12. A disposable diaper as claimed in claim 11 wherein the width of
the line of isolation is substantially uniform along its
length.
13. A diaper as claimed in claim 11 including means in cooperation
with said absorbent core for maintaining said line of isolation
between adjacent separated portions of the absorbent core.
14. A diaper as claimed in claim 13 wherein the width of the line
of isolation is substantially uniform along its length.
15. A diaper as claimed in claim 11 wherein the backing sheet is a
water impervious layer.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In the field of disposable diapers, there has been an ever present
desire to improve the ability of the diaper to contain fluids. This
effort has gone hand-in-hand with efforts to improve the fit of the
diaper to the body of the infant which brings with it the
incidental benefit of providing some improvement in fluid
containment. Previous efforts along these lines have sought to
achieve these objectives in numerous ways. One of the more common
ways has been by extending the plastic backing sheet to provide
inner side flaps which overlap the edge surfaces of the topsheet.
Another way has been by the provision of a plurality of lines of
embossment through the topsheet, absorptive pad and backing sheet
with the lines of embossment running in a particular direction and
having a predetermined pattern. While each of these approaches have
met with some success, there has been a continuing search for even
greater improvement and better results than those that have been
achieved with any of the prior constructions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The nature and substance of the invention will be more readily
appreciated after giving consideration to its major aims and
purposes. The principal objects of the invention are recited in the
ensuing paragraphs in order to provide a better appreciation of its
important aspects prior to describing the details of a preferred
embodiment in later portions of this description.
A major object of the invention is the provision of an improved
structure for disposable diapers which provides substantial
improvement in the capacity of the diaper for containing
fluids.
Another object of the invention is the provision of an improved
diaper structure which incorporates a built-in fluid barrier to
inhibit sidewise fluid flow thus encouraging the captured luquids
to spread in the long dimension of the diaper.
A further object of the invention is the provision of a diaper of
the above character which includes a folding pattern making the
diaper fit more snugly to the infant thus providing better fit,
particularly around the leg openings, so that ideally the leg areas
will be subjected to less direct fluid deposition and thus further
enhance the fluid containment characteristics of the diaper
itself.
These and other objects are achieved by the provision of a
disposable diaper having an absorbent core interposed between a
moisture-permeable topsheet and a water impervious backing sheet.
The absorbent core is formed with narrow and continuous
discontinuities which extend between the edges of the diaper. The
topsheet and the backing sheet are continuous in the areas of the
discontinuities of the core. The discontinuities in the absorbent
core and the continuity of the topsheet and the backing sheet in
these areas provide lines of isolation in the diaper structure
which provide fluid barriers that inhibit lateral fluid flow in the
diaper thereby encouraging fluid flow in the long direction. This
results in a substantial improvement in the fluid containment
characteristics of the diaper structure particularly when coupled
with the improved fit of the preferred structure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing
out and distinctly claiming the subject matter regarded as forming
the present invention, it is believed the invention will be better
understood from the following description taken in connection with
the accompanying drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is a plan view illustrating a preferred diaper structure
incorporating the concept of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary cross section, in elevation, taken on the
line 2--2 of FIG. 1 illustrating typical discontinuities in the
absorbent cord as well as the lines of isolation which also form
the folding pattern.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the diaper of FIG. 1 after it has been
folded in half thus illustrating the manner in which the fold lines
cooperate to permit such folding for easy storage.
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary plan view, in cross section, taken on the
line 4--4 of FIG. 3 illustrating the manner in which the side areas
are folded and formed and also showing the placement of spot glue
areas for maintaining the side areas in contiguous relationship.
The view has been dimensionally exaggerated purely for the sake of
better illustration.
FIG. 5 is as isometric view of the diaper after it has been folded
into its configuration for use.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the drawings and particularly to FIGS. 1 and 2
thereof, a disposable diaper 10 is illustrated. In the preferred
construction illustrated in the drawings, the diaper 10 includes a
backing sheet 11 which is preferably a plastic material that is
relatively thin and flexible and is impervious to the transmission
of water, such as polyethylene, polypropylene or the like. The
backing sheet 11 forms the surface which is usually furthest
removed from the skin of the infant. A topsheet 12 is provided to
form the inner surface of the completed diaper or, in other words,
the surface which is nearest the skin of the infant. The topsheet
preferably has hydrophobic characteristics and is one selected from
any number of nonwoven fabric materials having the necessary
properties as familiar to those skilled in the art.
An absorbent core is interposed between the backing sheet 11 and
the topsheet 12 in order to capture the bulk of the fluid to be
contained in the diaper. In the preferred construction of the
present embodiment, the absorbent core is separated by
discontinuities into a relatively large central pad 13,
intermediate lateral pads 14 and 15, respectively, and the smaller
lateral pads 16 and 17, respectively. The absorbent core may be
selected from any of the well known materials suited for this
purpose as will be familiar to persons skilled in the art.
The edges of the backing sheet 11 and the topsheet 12 are
preferably shaped so that the overall pad configuration in flat
form, as illustrated in FIG. 1, resembles an hour glass. The hour
glass shape in the preferred embodiment has been found to provide
better fit characteristics as will be apparent in the ensuing
description. The peripheral edges of the backing sheet 11 and the
topsheet 12 are superposed beyond the side extremities of the
absorbent pad portions whereupon side seams 18 and 19 are formed
either by the use of an adhesive or alternatively by heat sealing
the material of the plastic backing sheet 11 to the topsheet
12.
The discontinuities between the absorbent pad portions 13, 14, 15,
16 and 17 provide lines of isolation. These lines between the
adjacent pad portions permit the backing sheet 11 and the topsheet
12 to be superposed and continuous in these relatively narrow
areas. In a preferred construction, the backing sheet 11 and the
topsheet 12 may be adhered in the areas forming the lines of
isolation as by a suitable adhesive or by heat sealing. An
examination of FIG. 2 illustrates lines of isolation 20 and 21 that
are formed in this fashion. Similar lines of isolation 22 and 23
are formed on the other side of the diaper. The lines of isolation
20, 21, 22 and 23 are preferably of from about 1/4 inch to about
3/8 inch in width.
The lines of isolation can also be formed by adhering the pads 13,
14, 15, 16 and 17 directly to the backing sheet 11 or the topsheet
12, or both. In the latter case it is not necessary to adhere the
backing sheet 11 to the topsheet 12 although this may also be done
if desired.
The lines of isolation 20, 21, 22 and 23 provide areas of complete
separation between the several absorbent core portions 13, 14, 15,
16 and 17 to provide barriers against lateral fluid flow when the
diaper is in use. These barriers tend to encourage fluid flow in
the long direction of the diaper and thus substantially improve the
containment characteristics. The effectiveness of the lines of
isolation 20, 21, 22 and 23 is enhanced by the fact of their
structure which includes the water impervious backing sheet 11 and
the hydrophobic nonwoven topsheet 12.
In the preferred diaper construction as illustrated, the lines of
isolation 20, 21, 22 and 23 are formed such that each of them
extends from one side edge toward the central axis 24 of the diaper
10 whereupon they are reversely curved and return and terminate at
the same side edge. In a most preferred form, the lines of
isolation 20, 21, 22 and 23 are of hyperbolic shape such that they
isolate intermediate angular areas 25 and 26, respectively, and
together with the side seams 18 and 19, respectively, they isolate
the outer angular areas 27 and 28, respectively.
When the diaper is folded over on the central axis 24 to the
configuration shown in FIG. 3, the lines of isolation 20, 21, 22
and 23 act as fold lines having a high degree of flexibility. Thus,
the diaper can be folded such that the portion of the topsheet 12
covering the intermediate angular areas 25 and 26 will fold against
the portion of the topsheet 12 covering the central area 29.
Similarly, the portion of the backing sheet 11 covering the outer
angular areas 27 and 28 will fold over against and be superposed
with the portion of the backing sheet 11 covering the intermediate
angular areas 25 and 26, respectively. The manner in which the
several areas are folded together is illustrated in exaggerated
fashion by the cross section of FIG. 4.
Another aspect of a preferred embodiment of the diaper is also
illustrated in FIG. 4. In particular, glue spots are provided for
holding the folded and superosed areas in place. The glue spot 30
is provided to hold the intermediate area 25 to the central area 29
and the glue spot 31 holds the intermediate area 25 to the outer
area 27 in the upper portion of the diaper. Similarly, the glue
spots 32 and 33 are provided for the same function in the lower
portion of the diaper. FIG. 4 also illustrates the ease with which
folding takes place along the lines of isolation 21 and 21.
It will be understood, that in the preferred construction a similar
group of glue spots 30a, 31a, 32a, and 33a (FIG. 3) are provided on
the several areas 26, 28 and 29 in forming and folding the other
side edge of the diaper. In both cases the glue spots are provided
near the extremeties of the intermediate angular areas 25, 16, and
the outer angular areas 27, 28 as will be apparent from an
examination of FIG. 3. The purpose of the glue spots is to assure
that the pleating of the intermediate angular areas 25 and 26 and
the outer angular areas 27 and 28 is not disturbed at the
extremities thereof when the diaper is placed around an infant's
legs. The maintenance of the pleats assures a superior snug fit and
further increases the containment efficiency of the preferred
diaper construction.
Another preferred aspect of the present construction is the off
center placement of the central axis 24 with respect to the end
extremities 34 and 35 of the diaper. The axis 24 is nearer the
extremity 34 which ultimately is placed against the front of the
infant. This provides another factor in obtaining a better fit for
the leg openings since the legs of an infant child are normally
oriented forward.
It will be noted that the diaper is provided with pressure sure
sensitive adhesive tabs 36 and 37 for securement in a preferred
form. These tabs may be of any well known form or shape and are
usually covered with a suitably treated release paper prior to use.
After the diaper is folded around the infant, the release paper is
removed and the exposed end of the pressure sensitive tabs 36 and
37 are adhered to the corresponding opposite corner of the diaper
as illustrated in FIG. 5.
In the preferred embodiment, as heretofore described, the lines of
isolation 20, 21, 22 and 23 each extend continuously from one edge
of the diaper and are curved such that they terminate at the same
side edge. This, however, is not a prerequisite as a line of
isolation could run continously from one side edge to either an
adjoining side edge or an opposite side edge. In fact, in some
cases it might be desirable to form a line of isolation parallel to
one or both of the end extremities 34 and/or 35 near or at the edge
of the absorbent pad for the purpose of containing fluids that have
migrated to the end portions of the diaper.
While particular materials have heretofor been described for the
manufacture of a preferred form of the diaper, it will be
understood that various materials may typically be used including
tissue paper, crepe paper, nonwoven fabrics as well as suitable
absorptive fillers for the pad such as wadding, cellulosic fluff or
airfelt materials in suitable combinations. The backing sheet may
be formed from any well known plastic material, e.g., polyethylene,
polypropylene or the like, having suitable flexibility and water
impervious properties to carry out the desired function of the
invention. Thus the selection of materials will be within the skill
of the art although in a preferred embodiment materials having the
particular characteristics heretofor described will be selected for
optimum performance.
While particular embodiments of the invention have been illustrated
and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that
various changes and modifications can be made without departing
from the spirit and scope of the invention and it is intended to
cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications
that are within the scope of this invention.
* * * * *