U.S. patent number 3,744,053 [Application Number 05/010,472] was granted by the patent office on 1973-07-10 for liquid loop garments.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Sanders Nuclear Corporation. Invention is credited to Douglas G. Harvey, Kenneth E. Mayo, Eugene K. Parker.
United States Patent |
3,744,053 |
Parker , et al. |
July 10, 1973 |
LIQUID LOOP GARMENTS
Abstract
Liquid loop garments provide thermal protection to the body of a
user in hostile temperature environments. First and second
superimposed liquid impervious, yieldable sheets are secured
together at selected portions to form liquid barriers at
preselected positions between the first and second sheets. The
barriers and sheets define adjacent liquid channels which act to
direct flow of a heat transfer medium passed into the garment.
Inlet and outlet manifolds are each connected with a plurality of
the channels so that heat transfer liquid can be passed into an
inlet valve and distributed over the body of an individual with
efficient control of temperature variations in the garment. The
garment is particularly useful as an underwater diver's heating
suit to protect divers from extreme cold environments normally
encountered at depths.
Inventors: |
Parker; Eugene K. (Nashua,
NH), Mayo; Kenneth E. (Nashua, NH), Harvey; Douglas
G. (Amherst, NH) |
Assignee: |
Sanders Nuclear Corporation
(Nashua, NH)
|
Family
ID: |
21745923 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/010,472 |
Filed: |
February 11, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
2/2.16; 2/82;
165/46 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A41D
13/002 (20130101); B63C 11/28 (20130101); B63C
11/04 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B63C
11/04 (20060101); B63C 11/02 (20060101); B63C
11/28 (20060101); B63c 011/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;2/2,2.1R,2.1A,81,82
;128/400,142.5 ;257/306 ;165/46 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
577,101 |
|
May 1946 |
|
EN |
|
1,188,740 |
|
Mar 1959 |
|
FR |
|
1,420,473 |
|
Nov 1965 |
|
FR |
|
1,115,414 |
|
May 1968 |
|
EN |
|
Primary Examiner: Franklin; Jordan
Assistant Examiner: Krizmanich; George H.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A liquid loop garment for thermal protection in hostile
temperature environments, said garment constructed and arranged to
conform substantially to the contours of a body portion over which
it is to be used,
said garment having integral arm sections, leg sections and a torso
section and comprising,
a first liquid impervious yieldable sheet,
a second liquid impervious yieldable sheet overlying said first
sheet, said first and second sheets being of a material such that
said sheets can be sealed to each other,
selected portions of said sheets having spaced sealed lines of
securement to form liquid barriers along said sealed lines at
preselected positions between said first and second sheets,
said barriers and sheets defining adjacent liquid channels which
act to direct flow of a heat transfer liquid passed into said
garment,
selected ones of said sealed lines being discontinuous to form
short circuit heat transfer liquid flow paths on flexure of said
garment at the elbow and knee areas thereof,
an inlet manifold interconnected with a first plurality of said
channels and an outlet manifold interconnected with a second
plurality of said channels whereby heat transfer liquid can be
passed to said inlet manifold and distributed over the body of an
individual with efficient control of temperature variations in said
garment.
2. A liquid loop garment in accordance with claim 1 wherein said
garment defines integral arm sections, leg sections and a torso
section.
3. A liquid loop garment in accordance with claim 2 and further
comprising hand sections, a head section and flexible tubing
interconnecting said sections with said manifolds.
4. A liquid loop garment in accordance with claim 1 wherein said
overlying sheets are separated at areas corresponding to flexure
areas of a body and a stretch material spans said areas joined to
edges of said sheets to permit free articulation of said garment by
an individual.
5. A liquid loop garment in accordance with claim 1 and further
comprising a third liquid impervious sheet comprising a portion of
said inlet and outlet manifolds, said manifolds defining
interconnecting passageways to selected ones of said channels.
6. A liquid loop garment in accordance with claim 1 wherein
said inlet and outlet manifolds are formed in part by a third
liquid impervious sheet and said manifolds extend adjacent each
other and transversely about the torso section of said garment,
said first and second overlying sheets being separated at areas
corresponding to certain flexure areas of the body with a stretch
material spanning said areas and joined to edges of said first and
second sheets to permit free articulation of said garment by an
individual.
7. A liquid loop garment in accordance with claim 1, and further
comprising a thermal insulating material attached to one of said
sheets.
8. A liquid loop garment in accordance with claim 6 wherein said
garment defines integral arm sections, leg sections and a torso
section, separate hand sections, a head section and flexible tubing
interconnecting with said inlet and outlet manifolds.
9. A liquid loop garment in accordance with claim 1 wherein the
cross sectional area of selected ones of said channels differs from
the cross sectional area of selected other ones of said channels.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Thermal protection of the body of man in hostile environments such
as the numbing and lethal cold found at underwater depths has long
been a problem. Various underwater garments and complete suits for
divers have been devised. Known diver's suits include the use of
flexible rubber tubes which are positioned in a continuous loop in
a suit with a heating liquid passed therethrough. Such suits often
do not adequately provide for the variation in inlet fluid
temperature to outlet fluid temperature causing some areas of the
body to be heated to significantly greater extents than other areas
of the body. The problems encountered with known underwater diver's
suits further include making necessary provisions for good
temperature control, minimized weight, ease and efficiency of
manufacture and comfort to the wearer in use.
An important object of this invention is to provide a liquid loop
garment for thermal protection at hostile temperature
conditions.
Another object of this invention is to provide a garment in
accordance with the preceding object which does not unnecessarily
impede the movements of the body and which provides comfort in
use.
Another object of this invention is to provide a garment in
accordance with the preceding objects which is constructed to have
controlled heat transfer liquid flow velocity and good heat
distribution.
Another object of this invention is to provide a garment in
accordance with the preceding objects which can be efficiently
manufactured and which is effective to provide required thermal
protection under a variety of different conditions.
Still another object of this invention is to provide a garment in
accordance with the preceding objects which permits a heat transfer
liquid to flow in alternative channels upon flexure of the joints
of the body in use thereby preventing blockage of flow and
providing close to normal heat distribution under all conditions of
use.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the invention, a liquid loop garment for thermal
protection in hostile temperature environments substantially
conforms to the contours of a body portion over which it is to be
used. The garment comprises first and second liquid impervious
yieldable sheets with one sheet overlying the other in superimposed
relationship. Selected portions of the first sheet are secured to
selected portions of the second sheet to form liquid barriers at
preselected positions between the first and second sheets. The
barriers and the sheets define adjacent liquid channels which act
to direct flow of a heat transfer medium passed into the garment.
An inlet manifold is interconnected with a first plurality of the
channels and an outlet manifold is interconnected with a second
plurality of the channels whereby heated liquid can be passed to
the inlet manifold and distributed over the body of an individual
with efficient control of temperature variations in the
garment.
Preferably the barriers are formed along sealed lines. In the
preferred embodiment, selected ones of the sealed lines are
discontinuous to form short circuit heat transfer liquid flow paths
on flexure of the undergarment at predetermined positions
corresponding to flexure points on a body with which the
undergarment is used. In the preferred embodiment, arm sections,
leg sections and a torso section are formed as an integral suit and
a stretch material is incorporated at flexure points of the
body.
In alternate embodiments of the invention, the garment is formed
with a number of portions interconnected with each other in order
to increase versatility for use with varying sized individuals.
It is a feature of this invention that the garments are comfortable
to use allowing flexibility and flexure at joint areas of the
body.
Another feature of the invention is ease of donning and removing
the garment from the body. The use of sheet materials with barriers
formed therebetween is extremely important to permit predetermined
control of flow velocity and better heat distribution. The garments
are preferably designed to cover all of the muscled areas of the
body and act as a shield so that the body over which the garment is
worn never feels the effect of heat loss to an outside
environment.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present
invention will be better understood from a reading of the following
specification in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in
which:
FIG. 1 is a semidiagrammatic front view of a preferred embodiment
of a liquid loop garment in accordance with this invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view thereof;
FIG. 3 is a rear view thereof;
FIG. 4 is a partial perspective broken away view of an element
thereof;
FIG. 5 is a perspective front view of the manifold section
thereof;
FIG. 5A is a cross sectional view through line 5A--5A thereof;
FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic showing thereof;
FIG. 7 is a front perspective view of an alternate embodiment
thereof; and
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary front perspective view of still another
embodiment thereof.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
With reference now to the drawings, a preferred embodiment of the
liquid loop garment of this invention is illustrated generally at
10 in the form of an underwater diver's heated suit in FIGS. 1-3.
The diver's suit 10 has an integral body section 11, leg sections
12 and 13 and arm sections 14 and 15. Two hand sections 16 (both of
which are identical, only one being illustrated) and a separate
head section 17 act in conjunction with the integral portion of the
suit to form a complete garment. Each of the sections conform
closely to the contours of an underlying body of an individual when
in use.
The basic component of the garment 10 which forms the liquid loop
for a heat transfer liquid is best illustrated in FIG. 4. An outer
sheet 20 overlies and is superimposed over an inner sheet 21 with
the outer sheet being sealed to the inner sheet at facing surfaces
thereof along lines 22 to form liquid flow channels 23
substantially adjacent each other. The sheets 20 and 21 are
preferably formed of a yieldable, flexible sheet material such as
an acrylic impregnated nylon cloth which has substantial physical
strength and is impervious to the heat transfer liquid in the
channels 23. The specific material of the sheets 20 can vary
considerably.
Preferably the sealed lines 22 are formed by conventional heat or
solvent sealing methods which include the use of ultrasonic welding
methods. The heat sealed lines effectively provide barriers to
direct liquid flow within the suit 10 in accordance with
predetermined requirements. The channels 23 formed provide soft
broad liquid flow passageways preferably substantially in
elliptical cross section which offer low flow resistance and
minimum constriction at jointed areas corresponding to flexure
areas of the body. Since the original sheets used can be sealed as
desired, flow velocities of the liquid in the garment can be
predetermined by predetermining the size of the various channels as
required for body use. Thus, the cross sectional area of the
channels at extremities of the body as in the foot section may be
narrow and be smaller than the cross sectional area of flow
channels at the main torso portion as suggested in FIGS. 1-3.
Preferably the barriers formed by the sealed lines 22 are arranged
to provide for alternate flow paths in at least some adjacent
channels as indicated by the arrows shown in FIGS. 1-3.
Short circuit paths for liquid flow of the heat transfer medium are
provided at selected points in the suit where flexure is likely in
operation and use by a wearer. For example, at points 25, 26, 27
and 28 corresponding to the ankle, knee, shoulder and forearm or
elbow, portions of the garment. These short circuit paths normally
restrict flow of liquid from one adjacent channel to another but
are designed to be such that they allow liquid flow if an adjacent
channel is blocked as by flexure of the knee or some other flexure
point on the body in use. Thus, temporarily short circuit flow
paths are established to enable regions of the suit to continue to
provide a close to normal heat distribution path. Short circuit
paths are provided by spacing ends of the heat sealed lines 22 as
diagrammatically shown so that the gaps formed between ends of the
lines are small and restrict fluid flow under normal pressure but
permit flow when pressure in adjacent channels increases due to
blocking off of the channels. For example, at the paths shown at
26, the heat sealed lines 22a and 22b provide a gap therebetween of
approximately one-half inch which will allow liquid flow
circulation above the knee at times when bending of the knee, in
this example, restricts flow along the longitudinal passages and
then enables the restoration of longitudinal flow when there is no
constriction in the channel.
The channels are designed so that an inlet manifold 30 is formed at
the waist with a similar outlet manifold 31. Each manifold is
provided with a quick disconnect fitting 32 and 33 of a
conventional type to permit connection of liquid-carrying hoses.
The liquid-carrying hoses provide a heated fluid to the inlet 30
and remove liquid constantly through outlet 31 as is known in
conventional liquid loop diving suits. Auxiliary heating means (not
shown) in the form of a back pack or other supplementary means of
providing warm fluid as is known in the art can be used to heat and
circulate the liquid.
The hand and head sections 16 and 17 are formed in the same manner
as the main torso section and are connected thereto by tubing 40,
41 through quick disconnects 42, 43 and hoses 44, 45 interconnected
with quick disconnects 46 and 47 at the rear neck portion of the
suit. As indicated by the arrows shown, hoses 40 and 44 are inlet
hoses to the remote sections while hoses 41 and 45 are outlet hoses
which enable liquid flow throughout the entire suit to be
continuous from the single main suit inlet 30.
In some cases, the garment 10 need not be used in conjunction with
the hand and head sections if desired.
Stretch panels of stretch material such as Lycra or other two-way
stretch fabrics are positioned between separated portions of the
suit at critical areas to allow for comfort and extreme flexibility
of the garment in use as well as ease of donning and removing the
garment from the body. In the preferred embodiment, Lycra textile
materials are inserted between separated portions of the garment at
the knee sections 44, foot sections 45, in seam sections 46, waist
manifold sections 47, side seam sections 48 and neck and shoulder
sections 49 as best seen in the Figures. Similarly, stretch
materials are provided at the front, center and rear of the head
section as shown in the Figures as well as the cuff portions of the
hand sections.
In the preferred embodiment, a zipper 50 extends from the neck
portion to the waist and forms the single fastening element used in
the preferred embodiment. The use of the zipper in conjunction with
the stretch portions greatly facilitates use of the suit.
As shown by the arrows in the Figures, the channels are arranged
and joined to the inlet and outlet manifolds and to each other in
such a manner as to provide desired liquid flow of the heated heat
transfer liquid. Articulation of the individual wearing the suit is
not substantially restricted and flexure does not cause a stoppage
of flow of the heat transfer liquid.
The inlet and outlet manifolds are formed by an additional sheet
20a as previously described and as shown in FIGS. 5, 5A and 6.
Heated water enters the manifold at point A. The water travels both
to left and right circumferentially around manifold 30. The water
travels up channels 1, 4, 5, and 7 to return down channels 2, 3, 6
and 8. Note that 2, 3, 6 and 8 cross under manifold 30 and the
water from 2, 3, 6 and 8 enters manifold 31, travels
circumferentially around manifold 31 and exits via point B. Also,
water that enters point A and travels circumferentially around
manifold 30 travels down channels 1a, 4a and channels at back of
legs (not shown) to return up 2a, 2a and channels at back of legs
(not shown), i.e., heated water traveling downward (to legs of
suit) from manifold 30 passes through passages that pass behind or
under (when viewing suit from without) manifold 31. The return flow
from legs and torso exits at point B. Thus, the manifolds provide
for openings to the channels where indicated by the arrows so that
water flow in the manifold travels about the body and is directed
to the channels as indicated. In some cases, other conventional
manifold means can be used if desired.
In the preferred embodiment 10, the garment does not have inner or
outer coverings other than sheets 20 and 21. This garment can be
used under a conventional diver's wetsuit or dry suit. In other
embodiments such as suggested in FIG. 4, foam rubber such as close
cell neoprene layer 20a can be formed as a flexible outer layer
over the outer sheet 20 and integrally joined to the sheet 20 to
provide additional heat insulating value. Similarly, an inner
flexible layer 21a of a noninsulating fabric can be attached to the
inner sheet 21 so that an integral suit is formed useful as the
sole protective clothing used by a diver. However, it is possible
for the diver to wear conventional textile underwear and an outer
neoprene or other insulating suit over the garment 10 as
desired.
It should be noted that the use of tubes such as 40, 41 44 and 45
joining individual sections such as the main body section, hands
and head is useful to provide continuous flow of fluid in all of
the sections while allowing complete articulation at the joints and
enhancing ease of donning and removing the suit from the body of an
individual.
The specific liquid flow rates through the suit as well as
temperatures of the heat transfer medium used can vary greatly
depending upon the temperatures expected to be encountered.
Turning now to an alternate embodiment of the invention, as best
illustrated in FIG. 7, the principles of the suit 10 are used;
however, the suit 60 is formed in five sections comprising the
torso section 61, arm section 62 and 63 and leg sections 64 and 65
each having inlet and outlet manifolds as at 66, 67, 68, 69, 70,
71, 72 and 73. The liquid flow channels are arranged as shown by
the arrows indicated and the suit is formed of sheets 20, 21 sealed
together at lines 22 as previously discussed. Stretch material is
used at preselected portions of flexure of the body as previously
described and shown at 74. The main body torso carries a zipper 75
to open the body portion when required. Suitable tubes 76
interconnect portions as described with respect to the suit 10 of
FIGS. 1-3.
A third embodiment of an underwater diver's suit is illustrated at
80 in FIG. 8 wherein the suit is made up of hand section 81,
forearm section 82, upper arm section 83, body section 84, foreleg
portion 86, upper leg portion 85 and foot portion 87. Although only
one-half of the suit is illustrated, the opposite side of the body
comprises similar sections as will be described. Each of the
sections of the suit are formed from sheets such as 20 and 21
sealed together along lines to form channels for heat transfer
liquid flow as described with respect to garment 10. In this
embodiment, no short circuit paths are necessary since each section
ends at a point corresponding to a flexure point of the body.
Therefore no section of the suit is subjected to severe flexure
which would tend to restrict flow channels during normal
articulation of an individual wearing the suit. Main inlet and
outlet manifolds as previously described are illustrated at 90 and
91 with continuous flow to all sections of the suit maintained
through inlet and outlet hoses 92 and 93 respectively joining each
section at flexure points of the body. Preferably supplementary
inlet and outlet manifolds such as 30 and 31 are formed at each end
93 and 95 of each section to maintain desired distribution of heat
in the suit.
The channels can have flow patterns as described with regard to
embodiments 10 or 60 or the flow patterns can vary as desired in
each section. In this embodiment, the cross sectional areas of
selected ones of the channels are different from the cross
sectional area of selected other ones of the channels as previously
described with respect to embodiment 10 in order to predetermine
desired heat transfer liquid flow rates and obtain desired heat
transfer values.
While specific embodiments of this invention have been shown and
described, it should be understood that many variations thereof are
possible. For example, the specific flow paths may vary greatly as
desired for particular uses. In all cases, sealed lines are formed
between superimposed sheets as desired to maximize liquid flow
channels in a thermal protection garment and the channels formed
are of selected sizes at selected areas of the body to provide
desired fluid flow. Thus, by this invention, a laminated,
tubulated, articulated liquid loop garment is provided which has
soft, broad liquid flow passages offering low resistance, minimum
constriction at jointed areas and assurance against liquid flow
stoppage at jointed areas. Preferably water flow barriers are
combined with the liquid loop tubulation manifolds above and below
major joints of the body with the flow barriers inhibiting free
circulation of pumping liquid outside the liquid loop garment and
providing liquid interfaces between the skin and outer covering
garment to reduce heat transfer at right angles to the skin while
providing a soft, pliant and comfortable garment to wear.
Sectionalized garments can be used to enhance versatility in use
and minimize replacement costs as well as providing for
standardization and interchangeability of parts to suit the
proportions of different users thus greatly enhancing utility,
effectiveness and economy of providing thermal protection in such
applications as diving in cold water, exposure to Arctic air,
working in refrigerated rooms and the like. Moreover, thermal
protection can be provided by the use of a cooling heat transfer
liquid in the suit if desired as in extremely hot environments
which might be encountered in fighting fires and the like.
* * * * *