U.S. patent number 3,742,788 [Application Number 05/273,399] was granted by the patent office on 1973-07-03 for ratchet wrench.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Parker Manufacturing Company. Invention is credited to Edward D. Priest.
United States Patent |
3,742,788 |
Priest |
July 3, 1973 |
RATCHET WRENCH
Abstract
This invention relates to a ratchet wrench and, more
particularly, to a double-ended wrench having ratchet-operated
sockets of different sizes at the ends and having a main body
formed of injection molded plastic.
Inventors: |
Priest; Edward D. (Southboro,
MA) |
Assignee: |
Parker Manufacturing Company
(Worcester, MA)
|
Family
ID: |
23043779 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/273,399 |
Filed: |
July 20, 1972 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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83463 |
Oct 23, 1970 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
81/61 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B25B
13/463 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B25B
13/00 (20060101); B25B 13/46 (20060101); B25b
013/46 () |
Field of
Search: |
;81/61,62,63,63.1,63.2,57.3 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Jones, Jr.; James L.
Parent Case Text
This is a continuation of application, Ser. No. 83,463 filed 23
Oct. 70, now abandoned.
Claims
The invention having been thus described, what is claimed as new
and desired to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. A ratchet wrench, comprising:
a. an elongated framework formed of rigid plastic material with an
enlarged portion at one end, the framework having two opposite,
parallel faces from each of which extends a flange, extending
entirely around the periphery of the face,
b. a plate formed of a relatively rigid metal material associated
with each face of the framework and fitted snugly within its
respective flange, and
c. a mechanism including a socket member having a ratchet and a
pawl located in the said enlarged portion of the framework and
located between the two plates, the other end of the framework also
having an enlarged portion, there being another socket member with
ratchet and pawl located in that said other end, the said flanges
extend from their respective faces a distance greater than the
thickness of the plates, so that the outer edges of the flanges
extend beyond the outer faces of the plates.
2. A ratchet wrench as recited in claim 1, wherein the framework is
provided with an opening in which the socket member lies and
wherein the plates are provided with apertures from which the ends
of the socket extend, the socket member having a radial central
flange which engages and is guided by the inner surfaces of the
plates, which flange carries the ratchet teeth.
3. A ratchet wrench as recited in claim 2, wherein a slot extends
from the opening in the framework, which slot forms with the inner
surfaces of the plates a chamber for retaining a coil spring which
engages the pawl.
4. A ratchet wrench as recited in claim 1, wherein the plastic
selected for the framework is strong and durable, will not scratch
metal surfaces against which it comes into contact, and has a sound
deadening quality.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In the manufacture of box wrenches of the ratchet type, a number of
problems have always existed. One aspect of box wrenches is that,
althoug they are a very useful tool, it requires a rather intricate
main body forging or casting to produce them and this makes the
wrench quite expensive. On the other hand, because any given
double-ended box wrench has only two sizes of sockets, it is
necessary to have a complete set of wrenches in order to handle all
sizes of nuts and bolts. If the individual wrench is expensive, it
is, of course, even more expensive to have a complete set. There is
also a tendency, under present living conditions, to favor tools
which absorb noise, instead of producing it, and a large set of
entirely metallic tools does produce an undercurrent of noise in a
working area. The metal tools also have a tendency to scratch
surfaces with which they come into contact, especially when they
slip during working and strike elements of the workpiece. These and
other difficulties experienced with the prior art devices have been
obviated in a novel manner by the present invention.
It is, therefore, an outstanding object of the invention to provide
a socket wrench of inexpensive construction which is, nevertheless,
durable and strong.
Another object of this invention is the provision of a socket
wrench in which the main body is formed of an injection molded
plastic.
A further object of the present invention is the provision of a
socket wrench which has a sound-absorbing quality and does not
produce a ring or noise when struck.
It is another object of the instant invention to provide a socket
wrench which will not scratch or scar surfaces with which it comes
into contact.
A still further object of the invention is the provision of a
socket wrench of such simple and inexpensive construction that it
is possible to manufacture a complete set of various sizes without
the cost becoming exorbitant.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a wrench of such
construction that the range of cost between the simple wrench and
the ratchet wrench is reduced because some of the materials used in
the manufacture of the ratchet wrench are less expensive as raw
materials, and less expensive to form and shape than those of a
conventional ratchet wrench.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a
ratchet wrench which needs no elements for changing the direction
of ratcheting.
With these and other objects in view, as will be apparent to those
skilled in the art, the invention resides in the combination of
parts set forth in the specification and covered by the claims
appended hereto.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In general, the present invention consists of a ratchet wrench
having an elongated framework formed of a rigid plastic material
with an enlarged portion at one end. The framework has two opposite
parallel faces from each of which extends a peripheral flange. A
plate associated with each face of the framework fits snugly within
its respective flange and a mechanism, including a socket member
having a ratchet and a multiple-toothed pawl is located in the said
enlarged portion of the framework and is located between the two
plates.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The character of the invention, however, may be best understood by
reference to one of its structural forms, as illustrated by the
accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective exploded view of a ratchet wrench
incorporating the principles of the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the wrench,
FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of the invention,
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the invention, taken on the line
III--III of FIG. 2, and
FIG. 5 is a perspective view with portions removed of a part of the
wrench.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring first to FIG. 1, which best shows the general features of
the invention, the wrench, indicated generally by the reference
numeral 10, is shown as being of the double-ended type with a
ratchet-operated socket at each end. The wrench is provided with a
main body 11 formed of a rigid plastic material, such as LEXAN,
having an enlarged portion 12 and 13 at each end. The body or
framework has two opposite parallel faces 14 and 15 from which
extends peripheral flanges 16 and 17, respectively. The plate 18 is
associated with the face 14 and fits snugly within the enclosure
formed by the flange 13. Similarly, a plate 19 lies against the
other surface of the body 11 in the flange 17. The body 11 is
provided with an opening 21 at one end and the plates 18 and 19 are
provided with circular apertures 22 and 23, respectively, located
more or less centrally of the opening 21. The plates 18 and 19 form
with the opening 21 an enclosure in which lies a mechanism 24
including a socket member 25 formed on its exterior surface with
ratchet teeth 26 engaged by a pawl 27 which is urged into operative
relationship to the ratchet teeth by a coil spring 28. A similar
mechanism is provided at the other end of the body 11 and held in
place by the plates 18 and 19. The body 11 and the plates 18 and 19
are held together to lock the ratchet mechanisms in place by means
of fasteners, such as a rivet 29 passing through suitable apertures
in the plates 18 and 19. The rivet also passes through a bore 31 in
the pawl 27 and acts as its pivot. The body 11 is provided with a
slot 32 extending from the opening 21 for enclosing the spring 28
in cooperation, of course, with the inner surfaces of the plates 18
and 19.
FIGS. 2, 3, 4, and 5 show various other aspects of the invention.
FIG. 2 shows that the socket member 25 has a slightly different
size than the one at the other enlarged end 13 of the wrench. Both
have their own pawls and springs and the pawls are of the
multiple-tooth type to give optimum gripping action between the
ratchet and the pawl in each case. In a set of such wrenches the
wrench bodies are of a commensurate size, that is to say, small
socket sizes would have small socket bodies, and vice versa, since
the torque requirements on various bolt and nut sizes vary
inversely with the size.
It is evident in FIG. 3 that the flanges 16 and 17 extend beyond
the outer surfaces of the plates 18 and 19 and, therefore, act as a
protection against these plates being touched by other tools.
FIGS. 4 and 5 particularly show how the socket member 25 and the
corresponding socket member 25' at the other end of the wrench are
locked between the plates 18 and 19 for rotation. The teeth 26 are
mounted on a central radial flange 33 and 33', respectively. This
locks the socket in place but allows rotation. The ends of the
socket member 25, for instance, extend through the apertures 22 and
23 formed in the plates 18 and 19, respectively.
It can be seen, then, that a wrench manufactured in the manner
described above can be quite inexpensive. The main elements
necessary to the wrench are provided by the body 11 which is
injection molded from a very strong, rigid plastic. The enclosure
plates 18 and 19 are simple stampings, while the socket member 25
and the pawl 27 are castings or are formed by powder metallurgy
methods. The design of the elements is readily extrapolated to
smaller and larger sizes without difficulty to provide a wide range
of wrenches. The body 11, because of the extension of its flanges
16 and 17, not only provides plastic surface all around the
periphery, but also on the faces where the flanges extend slightly
beyond the plates 18 and 19. The wrenches, therefore, even in a
large group, will have a muffled sound and will not make too much
noise. Furthermore, when the wrench slips during work, if it
strikes another object, it will not scratch it because the
likelihoood of a metal part of the wrench striking anything is
remote; the likelihood is that the outer periphery of the wrench,
which is plastic, will strike another object, if anything.
Finally, the use of plastic in a wrench gives it a warm comfortable
feeling to the hand, which can be very desirable, particularly when
working in a cold area. The use of the double-toothed pawl provides
a conjugate action which is accumulative in effect and is
distributed along the length of the profile of conjugation and
along the breadth of the interlocking teeth. It also induces
positive, full-depth feeding of the follower teeth of the pawl.
Because the body 11 is injection molded, it can be formed with a
high degree of precision, so that no further machining is
necessary. The plates 18 and 19 can be very accurately produced by
stamping and will not present an expensive machining operation. The
same thing is true of the elements making up the ratchet mechanism.
The plastic framework or body is so formed that it can accomplish
in conjunction with its face plates and pawl three functions
relative to the socket member:
1. It acts as a housing bearing and raceway to limit and confine
the rotation of the pawl about the socket and ratchet as well as
the rotation of the socket or ratchet member within the planar
embrace of the frame,
2. when the socket embraces an item, such as a bolt head nut and so
forth, the framework acts as a handle to rotate the captive pawl
through a slip movement about the ratchet to a selected locked
position on the teeth of the ratchet, and
3. while the pawl holds the ratchet in locked position, it acts as
a lever to rotate the socket member enough to twist tight or loosen
the item held fixed in the grip of the socket.
In addition, the construction used in this invention assures that
the chamber containing the ratchet-and-pawl mechanism is free of
dust and other foreign matter.
It is obvious that minor changes may be made in the form and
construction of the invention without departing from the material
spirit thereof. It is not, however, desired to confine the
invention to the exact form herein shown and described, but it is
desired to include all such as properly come within the scope
claimed.
* * * * *