U.S. patent number 3,740,871 [Application Number 05/259,093] was granted by the patent office on 1973-06-26 for crash dummy viscous neck.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Ford Motor Company. Invention is credited to Roger J. Berton, Roger P. Daniel, Conrad N. Reuter.
United States Patent |
3,740,871 |
Berton , et al. |
June 26, 1973 |
CRASH DUMMY VISCOUS NECK
Abstract
A simulated neck construction and arrangement is provided for
coupling the head structure to the torso structure of an
anthropomorphic dummy of the type used in vehicular crash testing.
The simulated neck comprises a hydraulic mechanism or control
utilizing a hydraulic housing attached to one of the structures and
a plate means attached to the other of the structures. A pivot
means between the housing means and plate means couples the two for
relative tilting movements. A dampening means carried by the
housing means and engaged with the plate means controls the tilt or
wobble movement of the housing means relative to the plate means
and thereby of the head structure relative to the torso
structure.
Inventors: |
Berton; Roger J. (Dearborn,
MI), Daniel; Roger P. (Dearborn, MI), Reuter; Conrad
N. (St. Clair Shores, MI) |
Assignee: |
Ford Motor Company (Dearborn,
MI)
|
Family
ID: |
22983500 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/259,093 |
Filed: |
June 2, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
434/267 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63H
3/003 (20130101); A63H 3/46 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A63H
3/00 (20060101); A63H 3/46 (20060101); A63h
009/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;35/17 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Skogquist; Harland S.
Claims
We claim:
1. A neck simulation means for coupling the head structure to the
torso structure of an anthropomorphic dummy, comprising:
a hydraulic mechanism interposed between the torso structure and
the head structure for controlling tilting movements of the head
structure under excessive decelerations,
the hydraulic mechanism including a housing means attached to one
of the structures and a plate means attached to the other of the
structures,
a pivot means between the housing means and the plate means
coupling the two for relative tilting movements therebetween,
and dampening means carried by the housing means and engaged with
the plate means to control the tilting movements of the one
relative to the other and thereby of the head structure relative to
the torso structure.
2. A neck simulation means according to claim 1, in which:
the dampening means comprises a plurality of piston chambers in the
housing means,
the piston chambers being spaced in a circle around the pivot
means,
a corresponding plurality of spring-loaded pistons in the piston
chambers in plate means engagement,
and dampening fluid flowable through passage-ways communicating
with selective piston chambers to provide controlled resistance to
movement.
3. A neck simulation means corresponding to claim 2, in which:
variable orifice means project into the passageways to permit
adjustment of the flow rate of the dampening fluid.
4. A neck simulation means for coupling the head structure to the
torso structure of an anthropomorphic dummy, comprising:
a hydraulic mechanism interposed between the torso structure and
the head structure for controlling tilting movements of the head
structure under excessive decelerations,
the hydraulic mechanism including a hydraulic fluid housing
attached at one end to one of the structures,
wobble plate means attached to the other of the structures,
pivot means coupling the wobble plate means to the housing,
and viscous dampening means carried by the housing and engaged with
the wobble plate means to control tilting movement of the latter
about the pivot means and thereby of the head structure relative to
the torso structure.
5. A neck simulation means according to claim 4, in which:
the wobble plate means is attached to the head structure and
comprises a socket plate receiving a ball element to form the pivot
means and a mounting plate to which the head structure is
attached,
the two plates being isolated from metal to metal contact with each
other by a rubber isolation section.
6. A neck simulation means according to claim 5, in which:
the viscous dampening means comprises a plurality of piston
chambers in the housing,
the piston chambers being spaced in a circle around the pivot
means,
a corresponding plurality of spring-loaded pistons in the piston
chambers in wobble plate engagement,
and dampening fluid flowable through passageways communicating with
alternate piston chambers to provide controlled resistance to
movement of the pistons against spring means providing the
spring-loading.
7. A neck simulation means according to claim 6, in which:
adjustable orifice means in the piston chamber communicating
passageways controls the rate of fluid flow,
8. A neck simulation means according to claim 4, in which:
the viscous dampening means comprises a plurality of piston
chambers in the housing,
the piston chambers being spaced in a circle around the pivot
means,
a corresponding plurality of spring-loaded pistons in the piston
chambers in wobble plate engagement,
and dampening fluid flowable through passageways communicating with
alternate piston chambers to provide controlled resistance to
movement of the pistons against spring means providing the
spring-loading.
9. A neck simulation means according to claim 8, in which:
adjustable orifice means in the piston chamber communicating
passageways controls the rate of fluid flow.
10. A neck simulation means for coupling the head structure to the
torso structure of an anthropomorphic dummy, comprising:
a hydraulic mechanism interposed between the torso structure and
the head structure for controlling tilting movements of the head
structure under excessive decelerations,
the hydraulic mechanism including an inverted housing means,
a mounting means attaching the head structure to the base of the
inverted housing means,
a support plate means attached to the torso structure,
pivot means coupling the inverted housing means to the plate
means,
and dampening means carried by the housing means and engaged with
the plate means yieldably controlling tilting movement of the head
structure relative to the torso structure.
11. A neck simulation means according to claim 10, in which:
the pivot means comprises a ball and socket connection between the
housing means and the support plate means.
12. A neck simulation means according to claim 11, in which:
the mounting plate means comprises two parallel spaced plates,
the two plates being isolated from metal to metal contact with each
other by a rubber isolation section thereby isolating the head
structure from the torso structure.
13. A neck simulation means according to claim 12, in which:
the dampening means comprises a plurality of piston chambers in the
inverted housing means,
the piston chambers receiving a corresponding plurality of
spring-loaded pistons,
the pistons being in abutting relation to the support plate
means,
and viscous fluid flowable through passageways communicating with
alternate piston receiving chambers to provide controlled
resistance to movement of the pistons and thereby of the head
structure relative to the torso structure.
14. A neck simulation means according to claim 13, in which:
variable orifice means project into the respective passageways to
permit adjustment of the flow rate of the dampening fluid.
15. A neck simulation means according to claim 11, in which:
the dampening means comprises a plurality of piston chambers in the
inverted housing means,
the piston chambers receiving a corresponding plurality of
spring-loaded pistons,
the pistons being in abutting relation to the support plate
means,
and viscous fluid flowable through passageways communicating with
alternate piston receiving chambers to provide controlled
resistance to movement of the pistons and thereby of the head
structure relative to the torso structure.
16. A neck simulation means according to claim 15, in which:
variable orifice means project into the respective passageways to
permit adjustment of the flow rate of the dampening fluid.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
During crash testing of vehicles, anthropomorphic dummies, as
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,557,471, issued Jan. 26, 1971 to P. R.
Payne et al. are utilized in an attempt to analyze what might
happen to a human occupant of the vehicle under similar conditions.
The anthropomorphic dummies are articulated structures which
provide for movement of the head and limbs relative to the torso.
The neck structures currently available on crash test dummies for
supporting the head structure on the torso structure are so
constructed and arranged that under crash conditions the head
structure snaps violently backward or forward, creating excessive
head decelerations not found in human biomechanic testing.
It is an object of the present invention to add a hydraulic
mechanism or control to the neck structure so that the crash test
effects will more nearly approximate the results obtained from
human biomechanic testing.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a neck simulation means for coupling the
head structure to the torso structure of an anthropomorphic dummy.
The neck simulation means comprises a hydraulic mechanism or
control interposed between the torso structure and the head
structure for controlling tilting movements of the head structure
under excessive deceleration conditions. The hydraulic mechanism or
control includes a housing means attached to one of the structures
and a plate means attached to the other of the structures. A pivot
means between the housing means and the plate means couples the two
for relative tilting movements therebetween. A dampening means
carried by the housing means and engaged with the plate means
controls the tilting movement of the one relative to the other and
thereby of the head structure relative to the torso structure.
The dampening means preferably comprises a plurality of piston
chambers in the housing means, the piston chambers being spaced in
a circle around the pivot means. A corresponding plurality of
spring loaded pistons are carried in the piston chambers in plate
means engagement. The pistons are under the influence of dampening
fluid flowable through passageways communicating with selective
piston chambers to provide controlled resistance to movement.
In order to provide for adjustment of the degree of resistance to
movement, variable orifice means project into the passageways to
permit adjustment of the flow rate of the dampening fluid.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Further features and advantages of the present invention will be
made more apparent as this description proceeds, reference being
had to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a front view of an anthropomorphic dummy with a portion
of the neck area surface removed in order to illustrate the
environment in which the present invention is utilized;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view also with a portion removed for
clarity of illustration;
FIG. 3 is a vertical section through the hydraulic mechanism or
control supporting the head structure on the torso structure;
FIG. 4 is a section view on the line 4--4 of FIG. 3; and
FIG. 5 is a view in part similar to FIG. 3 but with the components
of the hydraulic mechanism or control unit inverted to provide a
longer neck bend radius for the head structure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring now to the drawings, FIGS. 1 and 2 represent front and
side views of an anthropomorphic dummy 11 of a type used in vehicle
crash testing. The present invention is concerned with the
interconnection between the head structure 12 and the upper torso
structure 13 of the dummy. This interconnection takes the form of a
hydraulic mechanism or control unit, generally designated 14, and
shown in greatest detail in FIGS. 3 and 4.
The hydraulic mechanism or control unit 14 comprises a cylindrical
housing 15, preferably made of aluminum or equivalent light weight
material. As shown in FIG. 3, the base 16 of the housing 15 is
supported on a platform 17 adapted in turn to be supported on the
upper end of the structure 18 forming the spine and rib cage of the
dummy. The upper end of the housing 15 has a centrally located
threaded aperture 19 which receives the stud 21 having a ball
element 22 projecting upwardly therefrom.
The ball element 22 is received in a socket 23 in a head mounting
plate means 24. This mounting plate means 24 is adapted to be
attached to a head shape forming or framing member 25 within the
dummy head structure 12, see FIGS. 1 and 2.
The mounting plate 24 is preferably a base plate 26 separated from
an upper plate 27, to which the head frame 25 is directly attached,
by a butyl rubber isolation cushion 28. This eliminates any direct
metal to metal contact between the head structure 12 and the upper
torso structure 13.
The base plate 26, which may also be known as the socket plate, is
provided with a large set screw 29 for applying frictional pressure
on the ball element 22. The pressure applied would, of itself, be
sufficient to control tilting movement of the head structure 12
relative to the torso structure 13. During a crash test, the head
structure 12, however, would snap violently backward or forward
creating excessive head decelerations not found in human
biomechanics testing.
The present invention utilizes the mounting plate means 24 as a
wobble plate means hydraulically controlled by a multiple piston
arrangement, in the present case by four pistons 31. The
cylindrical housing 15 has a plurality of piston chambers 32,
corresponding in number to the pistons. The piston chambers 32 are
positioned in the circle about the longitudinal axis of the
cylindrical housing 15 and thus about the pivot means 22-23
coupling the mounting plate means 24 to the housing 15.
Each piston 31 has a conical tip portion 33 terminating in a wear
tip 34 adapted to about a highly polished circular area 35 of the
base or socket plate 26. The pistons 31 are urged into contact with
the wobble plate means 24 by springs 36, the springs 36 being used
to keep all parts tight and to provide some centering action.
The main dampening action of the head structure movements is
achieved through the controlled flow of hydraulic fluid between the
piston chambers. As best seen in FIG. 4, each alternate pair of
piston chambers 32 is connected by a passageway or conduit 37. Each
piston chamber 32 is filled beneath the piston 31 with a viscous
fluid. Each communicating passageway is intercepted by an
adjustable orifice pin 38. The orifice pin 38 has a threaded body
portion 39 through which the depth of the orifice pin projection
across the communicating passageway may be adjusted.
Necessary O-rings 41 are provided to act as seals between the
pistons 31 and walls of the piston chambers 32. Filling screws 42
at the base of each chamber 32 provides for rapid refill of the
chambers if necessary.
In operation, depending upon the direction of application of the
deceleration forces to the head structure 12, the wobble plate
means 24 will tilt or swivel around the ball element 22. Such
movements will be resisted or dampened by compression of the
pistons on the down side of the wobble plate. As the pistons 31 are
driven toward the bottom of the respective piston chambers 32,
hydraulic fluid will be transferred through the metering
passageways 37 to the piston chambers on the up side of the wobble
plate means 24 thereby causing these pistons to be maintained in
constant contact with the wobble plate means 24. With a hydraulic
mechanism or control unit disclosed, the head motion may be allowed
that is plus or minus 30.degree., or any combination thereof.
The embodiment of the hydraulic mechanism or control unit shown in
FIGS. 1 to 4, inclusive, is considered the normal version. FIG. 5
discloses a second embodiment which is considered as an "inverted"
version which provides a longer neck bend radius. It will be noted
in this embodiment that the cylindrical housing and piston assmbly
is inverted relative to the position shown in FIG. 3. Except for
the inversion, this portion of the structure is identical and like
reference numerals are used.
In the present or "inverted" version, the plate 43 against which
the piston ends 34 have bearing engagement is a fixed plate means
rather than a wobble plate means. The plate 43 is mounted on a
platform 44 corresponding to the platform 17 of the previous
embodiment. The base 16 of the cylindrical housing 15 now forms a
platform receiving the mounting plate means, herein designated
45.
The mounting plate means 45 comprises a plate 46 having an
upstanding ring 47 welded to its upper surface. Spaced in the plate
46 is a plate 48, corresponding to the plate 27 of FIG. 3, and
providing the support to which the head structure 12 is directly
bolted. The plate 48 has a depending ring 49 welded to its lower
surface. The plates 46 and 48 are bonded to each other by a butyl
rubber isolation cushion.
In the present embodiment the cylindrical housing 15 and piston
assembly functions as the wobble member. This "inverted" embodiment
provides a convenient way of obtaining a longer neck radius, if
desired.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the
exact construction illustrated and described above, but that
various changes and modifications may be made without departing
from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the
following claims:
* * * * *