U.S. patent number 3,740,792 [Application Number 05/131,781] was granted by the patent office on 1973-06-26 for resilient hinging device for chairs and the like.
Invention is credited to Per Gunnar Werner.
United States Patent |
3,740,792 |
Werner |
June 26, 1973 |
RESILIENT HINGING DEVICE FOR CHAIRS AND THE LIKE
Abstract
In a resilient hinge for chairs and the like, having an upper
hinge part to be attached to the seat or back of the chair and
pivoted on a bottom hinge part to be fixed to the bottom frame,
with a biased spring member acting therebetween for resiliently
opposing backward tilting, the spring member is capable of being
displaced radially to the pivotal axis for adjusting the biasing
torque, the spring member engaging an entraining slide guided in
the fixed hinge part. Movement of the entraining slide is caused by
operating a handle on a lever pivoted on an upwardly projecting
cone on the fixed hinge part and having teeth engaging a rack
guided in the fixed hinge part for motion parallel to the hinge
axis and carrying studs engaging oblique slots in the entraining
member so as to afford a force-increasing transmission of motion
from the lever to the spring member. The handle extends
substantially to the edge of the seat so as to be easily
accessible. The cone is hollow for matching a column in the bottom
frame of the chair. The spring member is composed of leaf springs
bent into U-shape opening towards the rear and placed one outside
the other. They are in mutual contact at the bend and at the ends
of the respective inner springs, with the lengths of the springs
increasing from the innermost to the outermost. The lower legs of
the leaf springs are bifurcated with diverging inner edges and
straddle the cone, and the upper legs have a substantially
complementary taper.
Inventors: |
Werner; Per Gunnar (1460 Spro,
NO) |
Family
ID: |
43302280 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/131,781 |
Filed: |
April 6, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
16/298; 248/596;
297/302.1; 297/303.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B60N
2/2236 (20130101); A47C 3/026 (20130101); A47C
7/445 (20130101); Y10T 16/5386 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
A47C
3/02 (20060101); A47C 3/026 (20060101); E05f
001/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;297/304,300,297,303
;248/399,394,395,378,391,392 ;16/180 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Zugel; Francis K.
Assistant Examiner: Aschenbrenner; Peter A.
Claims
What I claim is
1. Resilient hinging device for chairs and the like, comprising a
first hinge member for attachment to a seat or back of the chair, a
second hinge member for attachment to a bottom frame of the chair,
abutments on said second hinge member, said first hinge member
being supported for pivotal movement about a horizontal axis on
said second hinge member, a spring member acting between said first
and second hinge members substantially tangentially to the pivotal
axis and biased in a starting position of the first hinge member
defined by the abutments, in which position the spring member can
be displaced by an actuating member in a direction substantially
radial to the pivotal axis and transversely of its acting direction
for adjusting the biasing torque, characterized in that the
actuating member comprises a lever supported on one of said hinge
members for pivotal motion in a substantially horizontal plane, a
force increasing mechanism, an entraining member mechanically
connected to the spring member and supported for displacement in
the direction of adjustment and said lever being connected via the
force increasing mechanism to the entraining member.
2. Resilient hinging device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in
that the lever is, at its inner extremity, in entraining engagement
with a slide guided in the direction of the hinge axis and engaging
the entraining member for the spring member by a double stud and
slot connection.
3. Resilient hinging device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in
that the stud and slot connections are self-arresting.
4. Resilient hinging device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in
that the lever is formed with a toothed wheel segment and the
transversely movable slide with corresponding rack teeth.
5. Resilient hinging device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in
that the entraining member is guided in the second hinge member and
transmits pressure between the latter and the spring member.
6. Resilient hinging device as claimed in claim 1, in which the
second hinge member is provided with a hollow cone for mounting on
a column in the bottom frame of the chair, characterized in that
the hollow cone projects upwards towards the first hinge
member.
7. Resilient hinging device as claimed in claim 6, characterized in
that the lever is mounted in the second hinge member on the outside
of the hollow cone and with its pivotal axis substantially in the
axis of the cone.
8. Resilient hinging device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in
that the portion of the spring member acting on the second hinge
member is distributed substantially symmetrically on both sides of
the cone.
9. Resilient hinging device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in
that the spring member is composed of a plurality of leaf springs
curved in the plane normal to the hinge axis and placed in mutual
engagement one outside the other, the outermost leaf spring
engaging the hinge members at its ends.
10. Resilient hinging device as claimed in claim 9, characterized
in that the leaf springs have decreasing length and radii of
curvature counted from the outermost to the innermost, the
individual springs engaging the respective adjacent springs on the
outside at their ends and at the bottom of the bends.
11. Resilient hinging device as claimed in claim 9, characterized
in that the springs are bent slightly more than 180.degree. and
loosely inserted one into the other.
12. Resilient hinging device as claimed in claim 9, characterized
in that the effective width of each spring decreases towards both
ends thereof.
13. Resilient hinging device as claimed in claim 12, characterized
in that the end portions of each spring have mutually complementary
shapes.
14. Resilient hinging device as claimed in claim 6, characterized
in that the spring member is composed of a plurality of leaf
springs curved in the plane normal to the pivotal axis and placed
in mutual engagement one outside the other, the outermost leaf
spring engaging the hinge members at its ends, that the end
portions of the springs at the end engaging the second hinge member
are bifurcated with diverging inner edges and straddle said cone,
and that their end portions at the opposite end have a
substantially complementary taper.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to resilient hinging devices for chairs and
the like comprising a member adapted to be attached to the seat or
back of a chair and mounted for pivotal movement about a horizontal
axis of a member adapted to be attached to the bottom frame of the
chair, against the action of a spring member acting between these
hinge members substantially tangentially to the pivotal axis and
biased in a position of the movable hinge member defined by
abutments, and in which position the spring member can be displaced
by an actuating member in a direction substantially radial to the
pivotal axis and transversely of its acting direction, for
adjusting the biasing torque. A pivotal hinge of this kind is
previously known, for example from the applicant's U. S. Pat. No.
3,284,133 dated Nov. 8, 1966 and has the considerable advantage
that an adjustment of the baising torque and hence of the relation
between the spring torque and pivotal angle can take place without
substantially varying the spring tension or overcoming spring
force.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has for an object to improve pivotal hinges
of the kind referred to, primarily by making it possible to effect
the adjustment easily while sitting in the chair. In prior
structure described in the said patent this is hardly possible
since the adjustment is effected with a screw spindle which is
placed in a position difficult to access on the bottom side of the
chair and which in the case of a considerable biasing force, which
is desirable for affording a sufficient torque in a device of small
dimensions, must be turned with a considerable force in order to
overcome the friction on the loaded spring member.
An improvement afforded by the present invention in this connection
consists in that the actuating member instead comprises a lever
which is mounted on one of the hinge members for pivotal motion in
a substantially horizontal plane and is connected by a
force-increasing mechanism to an entraining member mechanically
connected to the spring member and mounted for displacement in the
direction of adjustment. The lever may be provided with a handle
extending substantially to the edge of the seat of the chair so
that the manipulation can take place easily with a long moment arm
and the mechanism will nevertheless largely remain concealed, as
the lever with the handle may extend closely under the seat and the
shape of the handle can be adapted to the shape and dimensions of
the seat without changing the remaining mechanism.
The invention also teaches further features which make the manner
of operation consistent with a compact design and easy mounting,
and further provides a spring member which is adapted to be used in
this connection and at the same time is designed for affording the
desired resilient action while using a minimum of material and for
being made from commercially available spring steel stock.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The invention will be described more in detail in connection with a
preferred embodiment illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
In the drawings the FIGS. 1 to 4 are in half the scale of the
remaining FIGS. 5 to 7.
FIG. 1 is an exploded side view of the mechanism partly in section
in the central vertical plane.
FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the actuating lever with handle.
FIG. 3 is a top view of the spring member partly in section in the
central horizontal plane indicated at III--III in FIG. 6.
FIG. 4 is a bottom view of a sliding rack.
FIG. 5 shows the pivotal hinge as viewed from the front and in
section through the pivotal axis as indicated by the line V--V in
FIG. 6.
FIG. 6 is a side view of the same in longitudinal section
substantially along the line VI--VI in FIG. 7, yet without the
spring member being shown in section.
FIG. 7 is a top view of the bottom part of the hinge with the
adjusting mechanism inserted.
The device comprises a metallic bottom part or fixed hinge member 1
largely of the shape of a box open at the top and at the rear. From
a downwardly offset portion 2 of the box bottom there projects
upwards an upwardly tapering open hollow cone 3 adapted to be
mounted on a column 4 or the like in the bottom frame of the chair
(diagrammatically indicated in FIG. 6). In the side walls 5, 5
there are mounted bearing sleeves 6, 6 for pivotally supporting a
transverse hollow shaft 7 which at its extremities outside the
bottom part is fixed in downwardly projecting side walls 8 of an
upper part or movable hinge member 9 formed with a largely
rectangular top plate 10, which for example by means of screws in
the corners can be attached to the part 11 to be supported, such as
a chair seat, a supporting frame for a chair back or the like.
Slidably supported on the bottom of the fixed member 1 is an
entraining slide 12 guided between the walls 5, the slide 12
extending throughout the width of the bottom in front of the cone 3
and being formed with two branches extending on either side of the
cone and terminating in upward projections 13, 13 formed by bending
the end portions upwards and inwards, whereas the branches at 12
rest on the upper face of the bottom, whereas the branches at the
rear rest on ribs 14 projecting from the portion 2 and extending
obliquely to either side.
The slide 12 serves as an entraining member for a spring member 15
of the pivotal hinge. As appears from the FIGS. 1, 3, 5 and 6, this
member is composed of a plurality, four in the example shown, of
leaf springs extending outside each other and bent into U-shape
opening towards the rear and having one leg above and one below the
shaft 7. In order to make the stress on the spring material as even
as possible at all points, the dimensions of the various springs
are adapted to the load partly by staggering the length of the leaf
springs so that it decreases from the outermost to the innermost
and partly by making the effective width of each spring decrease
towards the free extremities both in the upper leg and in the lower
leg. The radii of curvature in the bend are staggered so that each
spring when engaging the bend of the adjacent spring surrounding it
exerts an outward pressure on the same at the extremities of its
legs. The upward branches taper towards the end and the outermost
slidably engages a plane bottom or sliding face 16 on the upper
part 9. The lower legs are cut out deeply and symmetrically from
the end and project on either side of the cone 3, the outermost leg
having U-shaped end portions engaging the projections 13 of the
slide 12. The free edges of the upper and lower legs may
conveniently have substantially complementary shapes, so that the
leaf springs can be stamped practically without loss.
In the slide 12 there are formed two oblique parallel slots 17, 17
into which project studs 18 of correspondingly oblique
parallelogram shape from a sliding rack 19 supported in the bottom
of the member 1 for displacement parallel to the shaft 7 just in
front of the cone 3. On its bottom side the rack 19 is formed with
teeth 20 engaging a corresponding toothed wheel segment 21 on a
lever 22 pivotally mounted with a circular opening 23 on the root
of the cone 3 and substantially concentric to the latter. The lever
22 rests on the bottom of the lowered portion 2 at a distance below
the slide 12 and is capable of pivotal movement in the horizontal
plane by a suitable angle limited by the ribs 14 forming stops for
the lever. The lever 22 projects behind the bottom part 1 and
extends further at an obtuse angle towards the right hand side of
the hinge. To the free extremity of the lever there is attached a
handle 24 of suitable design and length for easy operation by the
person sitting in the chair. For arresting the lever in the desired
angular position, the lowered bottom portion 2 is, near its rear
edge, formed with teeth 25 in its upper face, which are engaged by
a tooth 26 (FIG. 2) on the bottom side of the lever 22, which is
kept depressed by a leaf spring 26' (partly broken away in FIG. 7)
supported in grooves 26 in the ribs 14 and locked against upward
movement by engaging the lower ends of ribs 28 on the inner faces
of the side walls 5.
Another possibility of arresting the lever 22 in desired angular
positions might be to make the slope of the slots 17 in the
entraining slide 12 so small that the sliding connection with the
studs 18 will be self-arresting.
In the starting position shown, the spring member 15 is biased, the
lower legs thereof exerting downward pressure on the projections 13
of the slide 12 and hence via the latter on the ribs 14 in the
bottom of the fixed member 1, whereas the upper legs act on the
sliding face 16 of the movable member 9 and hence exert a torque on
the same in the clockwise direction whereby the top plate of the
movable member is pressed against abutments 30, 30 at the upper
edges of the forward portions of the side walls 5 of the fixed
member at the front. When the seated person then leans backwards,
it will be possible for the movable hinge member while increasing
the load on the spring member 15 to turn counter-clockwise as
viewed in FIG. 6 until its top plate engages abutments 31, 31 on
the side walls 5 at the rear. If the person then desires to change
the biasing torque, it will be possible in the starting position of
the mechanism shown, in which position the sliding face 16 extends
largely parallel to the guiding direction for the entraining slide
12, to turn the lever 22 in one direction or the other, whereby the
lever via the segment 21 and the teeth 20 will displace the rack
19, which will then by the stud and slot connections 17, 18 cause a
displacement of the slide 12 and hence of the spring member 15
forwards or backwards. Hence, the line of action of the resulting
spring force will be displaced towards the pivotal axis defined by
the shaft 7 so that the spring member will act with an increased or
reduced moment arm and its torque will vary correspondingly.
The mounting is extremely simple. At first the lever 22, the
retaining spring 26', the sliding rack 19, the entraining slide 12
and the spring member 15 are simply placed in position in the
bottom part 1, in which the sleeves 6 have been mounted, and in a
suitable jig the whole is compressed together with the upper part 9
until the axial bores of the latter become aligned with the bearing
sleeves, whereafter the shaft 7 is forced into position and
riveted.
* * * * *