U.S. patent number 3,739,947 [Application Number 05/058,571] was granted by the patent office on 1973-06-19 for storing and mixing receptacle.
Invention is credited to Erwin Baumann, Gerhard Beham.
United States Patent |
3,739,947 |
Baumann , et al. |
June 19, 1973 |
STORING AND MIXING RECEPTACLE
Abstract
A storing and mixing receptacle including a container forming a
first chamber at its lower end for initially storing a first
ingredient, a first piston for separating the first chamber from a
second chamber, a second piston movable in the second chamber and
adapted to transfer a second ingredient from the latter chamber to
the first chamber where the ingredients will be mixed. After
removal of a closure means from the lower end of the container, the
first piston will be actuated to expel the mixture from the
receptacle in the form of a ready product such as a dental
preparation ready for use.
Inventors: |
Baumann; Erwin (Nendeln,
FL), Beham; Gerhard (Vaduz, FL) |
Family
ID: |
5741706 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/058,571 |
Filed: |
July 27, 1970 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Aug 1, 1969 [DT] |
|
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P 19 39 316.9 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
222/136; 222/386;
604/87; 604/416; 206/219; 604/89 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61M
5/284 (20130101); B05C 17/00593 (20130101); B65D
81/3255 (20130101); A61C 5/66 (20170201); A61M
5/31596 (20130101); A61C 5/64 (20170201); A61C
5/62 (20170201); A61M 2005/31598 (20130101); A61M
5/286 (20130101); A61M 5/285 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61C
5/06 (20060101); A61C 5/00 (20060101); A61M
5/28 (20060101); A61M 5/315 (20060101); B65D
81/32 (20060101); A61j 001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/218M,272,218D
;222/94,136,386,398 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Reeves; Robert B.
Assistant Examiner: Kocovsky; Thomas E.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A storing and mixing receptacle adapted to receive a first
ingredient and at least one second ingredient for making a dental
preparation ready for use, said ingredients being capable of
reacting with each other; comprising a container having a
longitudinal axis and an internal wall surface, said container
forming a first chamber located in its interior adjacent one of its
ends and adapted to store said first ingredient initially; a first
piston comprising a perforated bottom and located in said container
for bordering said first chamber and for forming at least one
second chamber extending in said container from said perforated
bottom of the first piston in the direction towards the other end
of said container, said first piston being movable in said
container from a predetermined initial position substantially to
said one end thereof, said internal wall surface of the container
being shaped so as to guide said first piston throughout its stroke
in coaxial relationship with said container; rupturable enclosure
means positioned in said second chamber for storing said second
ingredient initially, said enclosure means being arranged to abut
said perforated bottom of the first piston; a second piston
arranged to close said second chamber towards the outside and
movable in said second chamber in the direction towards said first
chamber for rupturing said enclosure means and for forcing said
second ingredient from said second chamber through said perforated
bottom into said first chamber to mix said first and second
ingredients therein; and releasable closure means for closing said
one end of the container until completion of the mixing step;
whereby after mixing said ingredients, said closure means may be
released and the mixed ingredients may be expelled from said
receptacle by moving said first piston substantially to said one
end of the container.
2. A receptacle as defined in claim 1, wherein said container has a
portion of increased cross-section projecting inwardly from said
internal wall surface thereof and located and shaped so as to
engage said first piston symmetrically when the latter is in said
predetermined initial position.
3. A receptacle as defined in claim 2, wherein the projecting
portion is in the form of an internal, annular bead.
Description
It has been proposed heretofore to provide multichamber receptacles
for receiving ingredients required to make a ready product such as
a dental preparation ready for use, the substances being capable of
reacting with each other. Individual chambers of prior devices have
been separated from each other by easily destroyable membranes, and
receptacle parts receiving different components to be mixed have
been slidably arranged relative to each other. Instead of employing
a membrane, a bag-shaped or tubular storage means may be provided
in the top cover of the receptacle for receiving one of the
components, the storage means being formed, e.g., by a closed,
preferably welded pouch of foil. An intermediate member or
separator having perforations and spikes facing the pouch of foil
if suitable, may be arranged between the main or mixing chamber of
the receptacle and the pouch.
In prior receptacles of this type, the usually wall-shaped
separator or the pouch of foil are caused to break or burst by
moving the parts of the receptacle towards each other, whereby the
chambers containing the individual ingredients will be
interconnected.
In an improved type of the prior receptacle, the pouch of foil
which is suitably filled with a liquid such as phosphoric acid, is
arranged to be practically emptied by squeezing or pressing so that
the contents of the pouch will be injected into the mixing chamber;
the latter preferably contains a pulverulent substance such as zinc
oxide or silicate cement. This type of device has certain
advantages; in particular, no foil particles will enter into the
mixture.
After the ingredients have been brought into contact with each
other in the mixing chamber, a thorough mixing is required. This is
normally accomplished by placing the receptacle in the clamping
fork of an automatic, oscillating mixer; and an intense mixing
action will be obtained with the aid of oscillating motions which
rapidly follow each other.
However, it is not easy to remove the ready mixture from such prior
receptacles after mixing, since, when the prior receptacles have
been opened, the contents must be taken out of the interior thereof
in a somewhat difficult manner, e.g., by means of a spatula.
It is an object of the invention to facilitate the removal of the
ready mixture from the receptacle. Another object of the invention
is to provide a storing and mixing receptacle by means of which the
ready mixture may be applied directly to an area to be treated so
that, for example, a dental cement may be introduced directly into
a cavity developed in a tooth.
The invention is based on the idea of rendering a separator between
individual chambers of a mixing receptacle movable so that after
one ingredient has been transferred from a secondary chamber to the
main or mixing chamber and the ingredients have been thoroughly
mixed in the main chamber, the separator may serve as a piston for
expelling the ready mixture from one end of the receptacle. Of
course, it is necessary to provide the respective end of the
receptacle with means permitting passage of the mixture from the
main chamber to the outside.
Accordingly, the invention relates to a storing and mixing
receptacle adapted to receive a plurality of ingredients for making
a ready product, e.g., a dental preparation ready for use, the
ingredients being capable of reacting with each other; the
receptacle includes a first or mixing chamber for receiving a
first, preferably pulverulent ingredient, and at least a second
chamber for receiving a second ingredient which may be liquid,
pasty or solid at room temperatures; the second chamber is
separated from the first chamber by separating means and closed
toward the outside by a movable, secondary piston which when moved
in the direction towards the separating means will cause the main
and second chambers to be interconnected; the improvement resides
in the fact that the separating means between the first and second
chambers is in the form of a primary or first piston movable to the
discharge end of the first chamber, and that this discharge end has
a removable cover thereon or is in the form of an initially closed,
nozzle-shaped extension adapted to be opened after the ingredients
have been mixed.
If a substance which is solid at room temperature is provided in
the second chamber, it is desirable to melt this substance by
heating the receptacle before mixing the ingredients. The
receptacle is preferably cylindrical to facilitate its manufacture.
This will further result in desirable sealing conditions between
individual chambers.
To mix the ingredients with each other, pressure is at the start
exerted upon the secondary or second piston which limits the second
chamber containing the normally liquid or pasty ingredients. Due to
such pressure the second piston will be moved towards the
separating means and, in a manner explained later, a connection to
the first chamber will thereby be established so that the liquid or
pasty ingredient will be transferred to the first or mixing chamber
which contains a preferably pulverulent ingredient. To reduce the
volume of the second chamber practically to zero, those surfaces of
the first and second pistons which define the second chamber at the
top and bottom thereof should be of substantially equal size. It is
desirable to provide the first and second pistons with plane
surfaces. The contents of the first chamber will be thoroughly
mixed, e.g., in a vibrating or oscillating mixer. For this purpose,
the receptacle must be made from a sufficiently rigid material.
After mixing, the first piston representing the separating means
will be moved toward the bottom of the first chamber, and the cover
of the latter will be removed or the aforementioned nozzle-shaped
extension opened. To avoid premature movement of the first piston
in the first chamber during shifting of the second piston, the
cross-section of the first piston may be enlarged outwardly or the
wall of the first chamber may be enlarged inwardly to form a bead
located at the border between the first and second chambers in the
initial position of the parts, that is, during storage of the
ingredients. Instead of arranging an integral bead on the first
piston, the cross-section thereof may be enlarged by inserting a
removable locking ring which is adapted to rest on the upper edge
of a container forming the first chamber and will be removed before
the first piston is advanced into the first chamber. Further, the
interior wall of the container forming the first chamber may be
provided with a recess or groove for engagement with a bead of the
piston.
Premature movement of the first piston during shifting of the
second piston may further be prevented from the outside by
laterally compressing the container forming the first chamber.
Referring to the afore-mentioned modification of the receptacle
according to the invention, wherein the lower end of the first
chamber is connected to a nozzle-shaped extension, this
modification is particularly advantageous in that the device may be
used in the manner of a hand pump or syringe for direct application
of the mixed contents of the first chamber to a predetermined area.
For example, dental cement or plastic filling material may be
injected directly into a cavity formed in a tooth.
When using the latter modification, it is advisable to keep the
nozzle-shaped extension closed during mixing, that is, to perform
the mixing operation only in that part of the first chamber which
has a relatively large cross-section since otherwise the mixture
might be inhomogeneous. To this end, the nozzle-shaped extension
may be closed, e.g., by a portion integral with the bottom of the
first chamber and to be ruptured after mixing the ingredients, or
by means of a plug which will be pulled out after mixing. However,
in simple cases it will be sufficient to make the nozzle-shaped
extension integral with the container forming the first chamber
while providing the extension with a closed tip, and merely to cut
off the tip of the extension after the ingredients have been mixed
(if the container consists of plastics or thin sheet metal) or to
break off the tip (if the container consists of glass).
Furthermore, a cannula may be connected to the nozzle-shaped
extension.
In the drawings which illustrate several embodiments of the
invention by way of example,
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section through a receptacle according to
the invention;
FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 4a, 5, and 6 are longitudinal sections through
modified receptacles;
FIG. 7 is a cross-section along line 7--7 of FIG. 6; and
FIGS. 8 and 9 are longitudinal sections illustrating further
modifications of the receptacle according to the invention.
Referring generally to the embodiments illustrated, FIGS. 1 to 5
show receptacles wherein a sub-chamber is formed by means of a
rupturable pouch of foil or a breakable glass ampoule positioned in
the second chamber between the first and second pistons. A common
feature of these embodiments resides in the fact that an ingredient
which is liquid, pasty or solid at room temperatures, is sealed in
the foil member or ampoule by welding or melting of foil or glass
material. Preferably, the pouch of foil consists of relatively thin
plastic material which is inert or resistant to the liquid or pasty
ingredient and will not be dissolved thereby or caused to swell. A
glass ampoule closed by melting is particularly suitable in the
case of substances which are liquid or pasty or solid at room
temperatures, and which are not well adapted to be sealed in foil
since they either have a high vapor pressure (e.g., organic
solvents or monomeric liquids capable of being polymerized) or
prevent the formation of a satisfactory welding seam (e.g.,
ethereal oils such as eugenol). Instead, an ampoule made from
another brittle material, e.g., brittle plastics, may be used.
As shown in FIG. 5, a glass ampoule located in a secondary piston
having relatively small openings at its bottom, may include a wall
portion which is adapted to rest on the bottom of the secondary
piston, and which is thinner than other wall portions of the
ampoule. A second glass ampoule may be enclosed in the
first-mentioned ampoule by melting and may have a wall portion
which faces the bottom of the secondary piston and is again thinner
than other wall portions.
If, in this type of receptacle, pressure is exerted on the
secondary piston, only that wall portion of the glass ampoule which
abuts the bottom of the secondary piston will break, whereby the
amount of glass fragments is less than that which would be formed
in the case of destruction of the entire ampoule. In this manner,
clogging of the small bottom openings will be avoided so that a
liquid substance contained in the glass ampoule may freely flow
into the mixing chamber. Since in this type of arrangement the
secondary piston will not be advanced entirely to the bottom of the
hollow primary piston, it is advisable to place the receptacle in a
centrifuge after the thin wall portion of the ampoule has been
destroyed, whereby any liquid particles present in the ampoule will
be forced into the mixing chamber.
FIGS. 6 to 9 illustrate embodiments including a container forming
the mixing chamber, wherein the second chamber is defined directly
by the interior wall of the container in conjunction with the first
and second pistons. It is possible to provide a third chamber, see
FIG. 9. To this end, the second piston serves as the lower limit
for the third chamber which will be closed by a third piston at the
top. A common feature of these embodiments is the provision of
longitudinal channels or grooves in the wall of the container below
the first piston in its initial position in which the piston is
arranged during storage of the ingredients; upon downward movement
of one or both of the second and third pistons, liquid or pasty
material stored in the second and/or third chamber will be forced
through the channels or grooves into the first mixing chamber, and
the volume of the second and/or third chamber will be reduced
practically to zero.
Referring now to FIG. 1 in greater detail, the storing and mixing
receptacle shown comprises a container 1 forming a first or mixing
chamber 1m in its interior adjacent its lower end, and further
comprises separating means in the form of a first piston 3
perforated at 11 which is movable in the container 1 and arranged
to substantially separate the first chamber from a second chamber
2. As will be apparent from the drawing, container 1 has a
longitudinal axis, and the internal wall surface thereof is shaped
so as to guide piston 3 throughout its stroke in coaxial
relationship with the container. A second piston 4 which in this
type of embodiment is likewise movable in the container serves to
close the second chamber at the top. The mixing chamber 1m contains
a pulverulent, first ingredient 5, for example, zinc oxide. A
liquid, second ingredient 7, for example, phosphoric acid, is
enclosed in a welded pouch of foil 6 positioned within the second
chamber 2. Intermediate the second piston 4 and the pouch of foil
6, there is provided a disk 8 of elastic material such as soft
rubber for uniform distribution of pressure exerted by the piston 4
upon the pouch of foil; when piston 4 is moved downwards towards
piston 3, the pouch of foil will burst and the contents of the
pouch will be injected into the mixing chamber through opening 11
in the bottom of piston 3. After injection of the contents of the
pouch of foil into the mixing chamber, the receptacle will be
clamped in an oscillating mixer so that the ingredients contained
in the chamber 1m will be thoroughly mixed within a few seconds and
a ready product such as a dental preparation ready for use will be
obtained. To avoid a premature movement of piston 3 in the
container 1 before the mixing operation is completed, the interior
wall of container 1 is provided with an internal annular bead
engaging piston 3 symmetrically 9.
However, it is also possible to squeeze the container 1 laterally
from the outside in a manner such that premature movement of piston
3 in the container 1 will be avoided.
If after the mixing operation a sufficient pressure is exerted upon
piston 4, the latter together with piston 3 will move towards the
lower end of the mixing chamber which is closed by a plug-like
cover 10 held in place by frictional engagement with the container
1. Upon continued movement of the pistons, the ready dental
preparation together with the cover 10 will be expelled from
container 1. Instead of the shape shown, cover 10 may be in the
form of a plain cap, a threaded cap or a snap member.
FIG. 2 shows a modified embodiment which is similar to the first
embodiment in certain respects, and reference numerals 2, 3, 5 to
9, and 11 relate to the same parts as in FIG. 1. On the other hand,
piston 24 is longer than the corresponding piston in FIG. 1 and
therefore is easier to manipulate. Instead of the cover 10 of the
first embodiment, a nozzle-shaped extension 26 is provided at the
lower end of container 21 and is closed by a relatively thin bottom
portion 27 of the container until the ingredients have been mixed;
the bottom portion 27 will be pierced after the mixing operation
has been completed. Furthermore, the upper portion of container 21
is provided with handle means 28 so that the receptacle may be
gripped like a syringe such as a hypodermic syringe. When piston 3
and piston 24 are pushed down together, the desired dental
preparation which is ready for use will be discharged through the
nozzle-shaped extension and may be applied directly to the area to
be treated, for example, to a cavity developed in a tooth.
FIG. 3 shows a similar embodiment wherein reference numerals 2, 3,
5 to 9, and 11 again relate to the same parts as in FIG. 1.
However, piston 34 is in the form of a cap adapted to encompass the
upper edge of container 31; this piston or cap 34 will be removed
after the pouch of foil 6 has been emptied. After removal of piston
or cap 34, a long pusher 35 may be inserted for moving piston 3
downwardly. A cannula 39 may be connected to the nozzle-shaped
extension 36. The parts 37 and 38 correspond to the parts 27 and 28
in FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 shows a modification wherein reference numerals 2, 5 and 7
relate to the same elements as in FIG. 1. Piston 43 is in the form
of a hollow cylinder or a sleeve provided with a bottom 40 having a
plurality of relatively small openings 42 therein. Instead of a
pouch of foil, a glass ampoule 46 is provided and arranged to be
destroyed by pressure applied to piston 44. The small openings 42
are adapted to prevent glass chips from entering the mixing
chamber. In this embodiment, projection 49 which may be bead-like
or pointed is not located on the interior wall of container 41, but
at the lower edge of piston 43; a groove may be provided in the
adjoining area of the interior wall of container 41 for engagement
with the projection on the piston 43. In addition, a ring 48 is
attached to the top of piston 43 by means of a bayonet joint to
secure the piston against undesired downward movement. A
nozzle-shaped extension 45 communicates with the mixing chamber,
but is closed at its tip. After mixing, the tip of the extension
may be cut off (if the container 41 consists of plastics or metal)
or broken off (if the container 41 consists of glass).
The embodiment according to FIG. 4A corresponds substantially to
the embodiment of FIG. 4, but the nozzle-shaped extension 45' of
container 41' is initially closed by means of a removable plug 47.
Instead of a glass ampoule, a pouch of foil 46' is provided so that
in analogy to FIG. 1, only one relatively large opening 42' need be
provided in the bottom of piston 43'.
FIG. 5 illustrates a modified receptacle comprising a first, hollow
piston 53 which has relatively small openings 52 at its bottom. A
glass ampoule 56 sealed by melting encloses the liquid ingredient 7
and is positioned in the second chamber 2 which in turn is located
within the hollow piston 53. A hemispherical wall portion 56b of
the ampoule forms the bottom thereof and is arranged to rest on
piston 53 which has a concave bottom 50. The wall portion 56b is
thinner than other wall portions of the ampoule. A second, solid
piston or pusher 54 is movable in the hollow piston 53. At the
start of a mixing operation, piston 54 will be pushed down
cautiously so that only the wall portion 56b of the ampoule will be
broken and thus relatively few glass fragments will be formed. The
liquid ingredient 7 will then flow into the mixing chamber. As
indicated in connection with the embodiment of FIG. 4, liquid
particles still present in the second chamber 2 may be forced into
the mixing chamber by means of a centrifuge. After the ingredients
have been thoroughly mixed in an oscillating mixer, they are ready
to be discharged. The bottom of container 51 is provided with a
nozzle-shaped extension 55 initially closed by a plug 57 which is
generally similar to the plug shown in FIG. 4A and will be removed
after mixing. Piston 53 will then be pushed down to expel the ready
mixture from the receptacle. The handle means 58 and internal
projection 59 correspond to similar parts described
hereinbefore.
If piston 53 is shortened, manual pressure may be applied directly
to the relatively thick top wall of the ampoule to break the thin
bottom thereof. In this case, the ampoule will serve as the second
piston.
In the embodiment according to FIGS. 6 and 7, the second chamber 2
which serves for initially storing the liquid ingredient 7 is
defined directly by the internal wall 65 of container 61 in
conjunction with a first piston 63 and a second piston 64; both of
the pistons are equipped with sealing rings 68 such as O-rings.
When piston 64 is pushed down, piston 63 will likewise move
downwards a certain distance since pressure exerted upon piston 64
will be transmitted through vapor formed in chamber 2 and through
the ingredient 7 to piston 63. The ingredient 7 will then be
permitted to escape through longitudinal channels or grooves 62 in
the internal wall 65 of container 61 to the mixing chamber and will
thus reach the pulverulent ingredient 5. Piston 64 will eventually
contact piston 63 directly so that the volume of chamber 2 will be
reduced practically to zero. By exerting external pressure upon the
wall of container 61 from opposite sides, it is possible to prevent
further movement of piston 63 before the mixing step is completed.
In addition, however, the interior wall of container 61 or the
outer, lower edge of piston 63 may be provided with a bead-shaped
enlargement or projection to be effective after chamber 2 has been
emptied; in both cases, the projection of one of the parts may
engage a groove or recess provided in the other part. Of course,
bead-shaped projections and grooves may be provided additionally to
be effective in the initial position of the parts, i.e., the
position for storage of the ingredients, so that undesired
movements of pistons 63 and 64 will be prevented while the
receptacle is shipped or transported. The cover 10 has the same
function as in FIG. 1.
The embodiment of FIG. 8 is similar to that shown in FIGS. 6 and 7,
except for the fact that cover 80 is provided with a nozzle-shaped
extension 85; the latter is initially closed by a removable plug as
in certain preceding embodiments, the plug being designated 87.
FIG. 9 is similar to FIG. 6 to a certain extent, but above the
second chamber 2 there is provided a third chamber 2' for initially
storing a third ingredient 7' which like the second ingredient 7 is
preferably liquid or pasty. Chamber 2' is defined by the internal
wall 95 of container 91 in conjunction with second and third
pistons indicated at 94 and 94', respectively, which are equipped
with sealing rings 98. Likewise, primary or first piston 93 has
sealing rings 98 thereon. Pressure exerted upon piston 94' will be
transmitted through vapor pressures, ingredients 7, 7' and
intermediate second piston 94 to the first piston 93 so that all
three pistons will move downwardly at the same time until the
liquid or pasty ingredient 7 is permitted to pass from chamber 2
through longitudinal channels or grooves 92 into the mixing chamber
where the preferably pulverulent ingredient 5 is stored. Piston 93
will then temporarily remain substantially stationary.
As soon as piston 94 contacts piston 93, however, both pistons will
descend as a unit simultaneously with piston 94' until the liquid
or pasty ingredient 7' communicates with the longitudinal channels
92 and is thus permitted to pass therethrough to the mixing
chamber. Thereby, any particles of the ingredient 7 present in the
channels 92 will be flushed out into the mixing chamber.
Preferably, the ingredient 7' has a viscosity lower than that of
the ingredient 7. Here again, bead-shaped projections and recesses
may be provided on the internal wall of container 91 or on the
pistons 93, 94 and 94', respectively. To accomodate the third
piston and chamber, the container 91 is longer than the containers
of FIGS. 6 and 8 as will be apparent from the drawings. Cover 10
has the same function as in FIGS. 1 and 6.
Of course, various modifications of upper and lower elements of the
receptacle may be combined with each other; for example, the upper
portion according to FIG. 1, 6 or 9 may be combined with the lower
portion according to FIG. 2, 4 or 8. Further, the upper portion
according to FIG. 4 or 5 may be combined with the lower portion
according to FIG. 1, etc.
As indicated, for thorough mixing of ingredients the receptacle is
preferably clamped in the fork of an automatic oscillating mixer
(frequency range about 3,500 to 10,000, or preferably 4,000 to
7,000, oscillations per minute) whereby a homogeneous mixture will
be obtained within a few seconds. If desired, the mixing operation
may be performed in a vacuum. To this end, the receptacle may be
enclosed in an outer capsule which will be evacuated.
Various other modifications and changes may be made without
departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the
appended claims. For example, instead of a single bottom opening 11
or 42' in the primary piston 3 or 43' as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3,
and 4A, respectively, several openings may be provided. The
openings may be arranged in a manner such that, in effect, a screen
or sieve is formed.
In the appended claims, the term "first ingredient" refers to a
substance which is preferably pulverulent, while the term "second
ingredient" or "third ingredient" refers to a substance which is
liquid or pasty or solid at room temperatures.
* * * * *