U.S. patent number 3,739,260 [Application Number 05/155,901] was granted by the patent office on 1973-06-12 for method for operating a halogen detection diode and arrangement for carrying out the method.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Balzers Patent-Und Beteiligungs-Aktiengesellschaft. Invention is credited to Walter Schadler.
United States Patent |
3,739,260 |
Schadler |
June 12, 1973 |
METHOD FOR OPERATING A HALOGEN DETECTION DIODE AND ARRANGEMENT FOR
CARRYING OUT THE METHOD
Abstract
In a method of operating a halogen detection diode having a
filament-heated anode, which emits ions when impacted by halogen
gas, and a cathode, fundamental ion current variations of the diode
are constantly sensed and the filament heating current is regulated
in accordance with the sensed ion current variations to counteract
the ion current variations to maintain the fundamental ion current
substantially constant. The ion current peak, which occurs under
the action of an halogenous gas on the anode of the diode, is
measured and serves as an indication of the halogen action. The
arrangement for effecting the method includes a measuring amplifier
connected to the cathode of the detection diode, an indicating
meter and preferably an alarm device connected to the output of the
measuring amplifier, a current supply for the filament and an
adjusting means connecting the current supply to the filament. A
variable gain amplifier is connected to the cathode of the
detection diode and to the setting means to regulate the filament
heating current in a corrective sense in accordance with sensed
fundamental ion current variations. The arrangement and method are
used primarily for checking leakage of an atmosphere containing an
halogenous gas.
Inventors: |
Schadler; Walter (Triesen,
FL) |
Assignee: |
Balzers Patent-Und
Beteiligungs-Aktiengesellschaft (Furstentum,
FL)
|
Family
ID: |
4357362 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/155,901 |
Filed: |
June 23, 1971 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Jun 30, 1970 [CH] |
|
|
9943/70 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
324/468;
73/31.05; 340/634; 330/110 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01N
27/70 (20130101); G01M 3/20 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G01N
27/70 (20060101); G01N 27/68 (20060101); G01M
3/20 (20060101); G01n 027/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;324/33 ;340/237
;330/110 ;73/25,26 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Krawczewicz; Stanley T.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In a method of operating a halogen detection diode having a
filament-heated anode, which emits ions when contacted by gas or
vapors containing halogen, and a cathode, and having a fundamental
ion current flowing therethrough, the improvement comprising
constantly sensing the fundamental ion current of the diode to
detect variations therein; and constantly regulating the
filament-heating current in accordance with the sensed fundamental
ion current variations to counteract the fundamental ion current
variations in the diode.
2. In a method of operating a halogen detection diode, the
improvement claimed in claim 1, in which the filament heating
current is constantly regulated to a value such that the
fundamental ion current through the diode maintains a substantially
constant value.
3. In a method of operating a halogen detection diode, the
improvement claimed in claim 1, including detecting the ion current
peak which occurs responsive to contact of halogen containing vapor
or gas with the anode of the detection diode; and utilizing such
ion current peak as an indication of halogen action on the anode of
the detection diode.
4. In a halogen detection arrangement including a halogen detection
diode, having a filament-heated anode, which emits ions when
contacted by gases or vapors containing halogen, and a cathode, a
measuring amplifier connected to the output of the diode, an
indicator connected to the output of the measuring amplifier, and a
current supply unit for supplying heating current to the filament
of the diode, the improvement comprising, in combination, control
means connected to the output of said detection diode and
responsive to the fundamental ion current therethrough, and
connected in controlling relation with the filament heating current
supply to said diode; said control means automatically regulating
the filament heating current in accordance with the fundamental ion
current through said diode.
5. In a halogen detection arrangement, the improvement claimed in
claim 4, in which said control means includes a filament heating
current setting means connected between said current supply unit
and said detection diode.
6. In a halogen detection arrangement, the improvement claimed in
claim 5, in which said control means includes a variable gain
amplifier connected to the output of said detection diode and to
said setting means.
7. In a halogen detection arrangement, the improvement claimed in
claim 4, in which said control means regulates the filament heating
current to control the temperature of the anode of said detection
diode in a direction to maintain the fundamental ion current
through said detection diode at a substantially constant value.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to halogen detection methods and apparatus
and, more particularly, to an improved method of operating a
halogen detection diode by which the fundamental ion current
through the diode is maintained substantially constant, and to an
improved arrangement for carrying out the method.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Halogen detection diodes are used primarily for determining
leakages in container walls wherein an atmosphere, containing an
halogenous gas, is present on one side of the container wall to be
checked while, on the other side, leakage of this gas through any
leak in the wall is detected by means of a diode having a
filament-heated anode and emitting ions in the presence of an
halogenous gas. Such diodes and their use are already known and are
described, for example, in Swiss Pat. No. 269,214.
A very annoying disadvantage of the so-called halogen detection
diodes is that the fundamental ion current, which is the ion
current flowing, in operation, through the diode, is subject to
great fluctuations if no halogen strikes the heated anode. For
unknown reasons, the ion current can decrease practically to zero,
despite an apparent constant anode temperature, or it can increase
to a multiple of its original value. During the time in which
either no ion current or only a small ion current flows, the diode
is insensitive to halogen, but prolonged operation with a too high
ion current leads to a considerable reduction of the service life
of the detection diode. It is thus necessary to check the
fundamental ion current frequently, to ascertain that the diode is
ready, that is, that it will respond to any incoming halogenous gas
and will not be overloaded at the same time. By halogenous gas is
understood gases and vapors which contain halogen atoms.
The greater the sensitivity of a halogen detection diode is, the
more pronounced is the above-described disadvantage. This means
that the effect is the more disturbing the smaller the gas inflow
which is to be detected. In addition, not only does the fundamental
ion current itself fluctuate, but the anode of the detection diode
is "contaminated" for a certain time after the action of halogenous
gas, that is, it responds to only a limited extent or not at all to
any subsequent action of halogen. In order to eliminate this
"contamination", the detection diode had to be rinsed or flushed
with halogen-free gas after each major halogen action, and this has
been time-consuming and cumbersome.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to reduce the
above-described disadvantages and to provide a method for operating
a halogen detection diode which, in particular, makes the frequent
checking of the fundamental ion currents superfluous and which
reduces substantially the so-called "contamination". It has been
found that even the extent of the halogen action can be determined
more accurately and quantitatively, in accordance with the
invention, than possible heretofore. In addition, it has been found
that an increase of the service life of the detection diode, which
is the ion source, can be attained with the invention method.
The invention is further directed to a device or circuit for
carrying out the invention method. Prior to the present invention,
there were frequently used arrangements, as mentioned above, with
which the halogen detection diode could be rinsed or flushed
periodically with a halogen-free gas, for example, with fresh air.
The new fundamental ion current measured after rinsing then serves
as a starting point for the following determination of an
halogenous gas inflow. In order to obtain a constant fundamental
ion current, arrangements also have been used for maintaining the
filament heating current of the anode at a constant value.
Arrangements wherein the temperature of the anode is constantly
measured by means of temperature sensors, and where the filament
current is then regulated correspondingly, in order to obtain a
constant anode temperature and thus a constant fundamental ion
current, have also been suggested. However, it was found that
although a certain improvement could be attained, compared to the
method of maintaining the filament heating current constant, a
constant fundamental emission, or tube constancy, could not be
attained over a long run.
In accordance with the new method embodying the invention, the
operation of a halogen detection arrangement is characterized in
that the filament current, for heating the anode, is so regulated
constantly by the diode, in accordance with the fundamental ion
current, that all variations of the fundamental ion current are at
least partly offset again.
In particular, the filament current is regulated constantly in a
manner such that the fundamental ion current through the diode
maintains a substantially constant value. In accordance with the
invention, the filament current of the anode thus is reduced when
the ion current, for example, increases when halogen acts on the
anode, but is increased when the ion current diminishes. Due to
this feature of the method, any variation of the ion current is
more or less offset again within a short regulating period.
For detecting halogenous gas, there is used preferably the ion
current peak which appears temporarily, until the above-described
regulation becomes effective, when halogen acts on the anode of the
detection diode.
If it is necessary only to find out if a leak of a minimum size
exists, as is frequently the case in locating a leak, the measuring
amplifier can be provided with a discriminator so that the
indicator responds only to the leak, and indicates a leak, when the
above-mentioned ion current peak exceeds a preselected threshold
value when an halogenous gas enters the diode space. The variable
itself, thus the ion current, can also be used as a measuring
quantity.
An object of the invention is to provide an improved method of
operating a halogen detection diode.
Another object is to provide an improved arrangement for
implementing the method.
A further object is to provide such a method and arrangement in
which the ion current is constantly sensed for variations and the
filament heating current is constantly regulated in accordance with
the sensed ion current variations.
For an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference
is made to the following description of a typical embodiment
thereof as illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
In the drawing, the single FIGURE is a schematic block diagram of
an arrangement for operating a halogen detection diode in
accordance with the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to the drawing, the signal current or ion current of a
halogen detection diode 1 is amplified by the logarithmically or
linearly working measuring amplifier 2, and the ion current is
indicated on the indicator 3. Either in conjunction with indicator
3 or alternatively, the ion current may be used to activate an
alarm or signal device 4, connected in parallel with indicator 3 to
the output of amplifier 2.
In accordance with the invention, the ion current or signal current
at the output of halogen detection diode 1 is supplied to a
variable gain amplifier 5 connected, in controlling relation, with
setting means 6 for the filament heating current for the anode of
diode 1. Setting means 6 is supplied with filament heating current
by a current supply unit 7. Variable gain amplifier 5 controls
setting means 6 in a manner such that the current, from supply unit
1, fed to the heating filament, is decreased or increased
automatically when the ion current through diode 1 attains a value
above or below, respectively, an adjustable nominal value.
For example, a nominal value of 5 microamperes can be set. As soon
as the ion current of diode 1 varies, due to a fluctuation or due
to the action of halogen, variable gain amplifier 5 supplies a
signal to setting means 6 to adjust the filament heating current in
a direction to counteract the variation. The time constant of the
control circuit preferably is so selected that the ion current
peak, occurring under the action of halogen during the regulation
period, can be easily measured or recorded, while the relatively
slow fluctuations of the fundamental ion current provide no
measurable deflection of the indicating means 3.
Experience has shown that the objectives of the invention can be
fully attained by the invention method and the invention
arrangement. The invention method can be used not only for locating
leaks but also when halogenous gases or vapors have to be
detected.
While a specific embodiment of the invention has been shown and
described in detail to illustrate the application of the principles
of the invention, it will be understood that the invention may be
embodied otherwise without departing from such principles.
* * * * *