U.S. patent number 3,738,269 [Application Number 05/159,965] was granted by the patent office on 1973-06-12 for printing inking members.
Invention is credited to William T. Wagner.
United States Patent |
3,738,269 |
Wagner |
June 12, 1973 |
PRINTING INKING MEMBERS
Abstract
A printing member made of a porous material and having an outer
ink-applying surface and ink supply means free of separate vents
whereby a printing ink in the supply means is transferred through
the porous material to the ink-applying surface by capillary
action.
Inventors: |
Wagner; William T. (Dayton,
OH) |
Family
ID: |
22574871 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/159,965 |
Filed: |
July 6, 1971 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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768628 |
Oct 18, 1968 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
101/367; 401/218;
101/331; 427/361 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B41N
7/06 (20130101); B41F 31/22 (20130101); B41N
2207/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B41N
7/06 (20060101); B41F 31/00 (20060101); B41N
7/00 (20060101); B41F 31/22 (20060101); B41f
031/22 (); B41f 031/26 () |
Field of
Search: |
;101/367,363,331,348,350,356 ;401/147,218 ;117/111R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Coughenour; Clyde I.
Parent Case Text
This application is a division of U.S. application Ser. No.
768,628, filed Oct. 18, 1968, now abandoned.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A printing member comprising, a porous plastic material having
an outer ink-applying surface and having inside ink-absorbing
surface means, and multiple ink supply reservoir means adapted to
contain a printing ink and place said ink in contact with said
inside surface means of said porous material, said supply means
being free of separate vents to atmosphere, said porous material
having passages therein providing capillary action and ink flow at
a precise flow rate from said supply means to said ink-applying
surface, said reservoir means being defined by substantially
tubular surface means and further comprising fluid impervious seal
means covering certain areas of said substantially tubular surface
means and having unsealed area means defining said ink-absorbing
inside surface means of said porous material, said unsealed area
means being defined by cutout notch means in said porous material
interrupting the main portion of said tubular surface means.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Many printing members, such as ink-applying rollers, in current use
are supplied with printing ink by dipping their outer surfaces in
such ink and using associated doctor blades to remove the excess
ink. Other presently used ink-applying rollers are generally
provided with complex ink feeding systems which often rely on
positive pressure to force ink from the interior of a given roller
to its outer ink-applying surface. These previously proposed
printing rollers are deficient because they do not provide uniform
inking, result in blobs of ink being applied upon initially
starting a system, must usually be separated from their associated
ink supply while not in use, and in general result in considerable
waste of materials.
SUMMARY
This invention provides an inexpensive self-contained printing
member or ink-applying roller which provides optimum inking
performance, does not require the use of special operating
procedures or components, and substantially eliminates the
deficiencies of present rollers.
Other details, uses, and advantages of this invention will become
apparent as the following description of the exemplary embodiments
thereof presented in the accompanying drawings proceeds.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings show present exemplary embodiments of
this invention, in which
FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating an exemplary printing
member or roller of this invention in a typical application;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken on the line 2--2 of FIG.
1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view on the line 3--3 of FIG. 2 and
also illustrating the exemplary printing roller held against the
outer periphery of an associated transfer roll;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 2 illustrating
another exemplary embodiment of a printing roller of this
invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken on the line 5--5 of FIG.
4;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 5 and illustrating
a modified version of the printing roller of FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 2 and illustrating
another exemplary embodiment of a printing roller of this
invention; and
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken on the line 8--8 of FIG.
7.
DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS
Reference is now made to FIG. 1 of the drawings, which illustrates
one application of an exemplary printing member or printing roller
20 which is used to transfer a uniform layer of printing ink to a
transfer roll 21 which has a comparatively soft resilient surface
and the roll 21 transfers the ink to a printing cylinder 22 which
is operated in a known manner to print an associated article which
is to be printed. The exemplary printing roller 20 is
self-contained and does not require separate components to assure
that printing ink is uniformly supplied to its outer cylindrical
surface.
As seen particularly in FIGS. 2 and 3 of the drawings, the printing
member or roller 20 is comprised of a porous material 24 which in
this example of the invention is shown as a plastic porous material
which has a plurality of passage means provided in a random manner
therein. The passage means in the porous material 24 are shown in
the drawings by a granular representation and a few representative
individual passage means or passages are designated by the
reference numeral 25 and applied to corresponding individual grains
of the granular showing.
The roller 20 has a central longitudinal axis 27 and an outer
ink-applying surface 26 which in this example of the invention is
in the form of a non-planar surface having a right circular
cylindrical configuration. The roller 20 also has a pair of end
closures 30 suitably fixed to opposite ends thereof and each end
closure 30 has supporting shaft means or a supporting shaft 31
which is adapted to rotatably support the printing roller 20 in a
known manner.
The printing roller 20 has inside ink-absorbing surface means of
tubular configuration suitably formed in the porous material 24 and
defined by a corresponding tubular inside surface 32 in the porous
material 24. The tubular inside surface 32 of this example has a
cylindrical configuration which corresponds to the configuration of
the ink-applying surface 26 and the cylindrical inside surface 32
cooperates with the end closures 30 to define ink supply means in
the form of an ink reservoir 33 which contains a suitable printing
ink 34.
The porous material 24 is carefully selected for each application
so that the effective open area defined by the passage means 25
takes into consideration the viscosity and other properties of the
printing ink 34 to assure that the ink will be transferred through
the porous material 24 to the ink-applying surface 26 at a precise
flow rate and in a manner to be described in more detail later in
this specification. Further, the printing ink 34 and porous
material may also be matched to take into account the temperature
range, and other environmental conditions, in which the roller 20
is expected to operate.
The roller 20 has end surfaces 35 defining opposite ends of the
porous material 24 and the surfaces 35 are preferably sealed with a
suitable sealing material which is impervious to fluid flow
therethrough and which may be applied to the ends of the roller 20
in a thin layer designated by the reference numeral 36. The end
closures or plates 30 are fixed at opposite ends of the exemplary
roller 20 by suitable adhesive means and in this example of the
invention an epoxy cement is used to adhesively fix each end
closure 30 in position after suitably applying the layer of sealing
material 36.
With the construction described above, it will be appreciated that
the reservoir 33 containing printing ink 34 is free of separate
vents, such as separate vents to atmosphere and as the roller 20 is
rotated the ink 34 in the reservoir 33 is absorbed by the
ink-absorbing surface means 32 and transferred by a wicking or
capillary action at a precise flow rate from such reservoir through
the porous material 24 to the ink-applying surface 26. This
transfer or flow of printing ink 34 by capillarity or capillary
action through the porous material 24 continues until the reservoir
33 is substantially depleted of its printing ink 34.
It has been found by tests that with the reservoir 33 free of
separate vents a partial vacuum condition may exist in the
reservoir 33 while the outer surface 26 of the roller 20 is
subjected to normal atmospheric pressures. Under these onditions it
would ordinarily be expected that the printing ink 34 would not
flow out of the reservoir 33; however, it has been found that the
ink 34 flows from the reservoir 33 through the passage means 25 in
the porous material 24 by capillary action notwithstanding the
negative pressure which may be present in the reservoir 33 and at a
predictable and uniform flow rate as the ink is removed from the
surface 26, and transferred on the transfer roll 21 in this
exemplary application.
In this example of the invention the ink-absorbing surface 32 and
the ink-applying surface 26 define the only unsealed surface areas
of the porous material 24 across which ink 34 may flow and the
inside ink-absorbing surface 32 is such that ink may be transferred
radially through the entire cylindrical surface. However, if
desired, it will be appreciated that the inside surface 32 may be
sealed substantially throughout its entire surface area with only
controlled portions thereof such as elongated strips, for example,
remaining exposed so that printing ink 34 may be absorbed only
through the controlled portions, whereby this technique of
providing controlled portions enables accurate control of the
amount of a given ink which may be applied by a roller 20 which
uses a porous material 24 having known characteristics.
The integral reservoir 33 may be easily filled with printing ink 34
by first fixing one end closure 30 in position and then filling the
reservoir 33 by pouring or flowing printing ink 34 through its open
end with the roller held substantially upright and then fixing the
opposite end closure 30 in position. The annular end portions 35
are preferably sealed with the layer of sealing material 36 before
fixing each of the end closures 30 in position.
The roller 20 may also be filled after it is completed by providing
a small opening in one of the end closures 30 leading to an
associated vacuum pump so as to create a controlled vacuum within
the reservoir 33 and with the roller 20 being simultaneously
submerged in a supply tank of printing ink 34 which may be
maintained under pressure. The pressure differential created
between the printing ink in the supply tank and the reservoir 33
causes printing ink 34 to flow in a reverse direction through the
porous material 24 and fill the reservoir 33, whereupon the small
opening in the end closure would then be suitably sealed. It will
also be appreciated that with the completed roller submerged
therein the printing ink in the supply tank may be maintained under
pressure without providing a separate vacuum in the reservoir 33
whereupon such reservoir would still be filled by reverse flow
through the porous material 24.
Another exemplary embodiment of this invention is illustrated in
FIGS. 4 and 5 of the drawings. The printing member or roller
illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5 is very similar to the roller 20;
therefore, such roller will be designated generally by the
reference numeral 20A and parts of the roller 20A which are very
similar to corresponding parts of the roller 20 be designated by
the same reference numeral as in the roller 20 also followed by the
letter designation A and not described again. Only those component
parts of the roller 20A which are different from corresponding
parts of the roller 20 will be designated by a new reference
numeral also followed by the letter designation A and described in
detail.
The printing member or roller 20A has integral supply or reservoir
means in the form of a plurality of reservoirs each designated by
the reference numeral 40A and each being defined by an associated
tubular inside surface 41A in the porous material 24A. Each
elongated tubular reservoir 40A has a longitudinal axis which is
arranged substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis 27A of the
roller 20A and the reservoirs 40A may be arranged in a symmetrical
pattern around the axis 27A while extending substantially the full
length of the right circular cylindrical ink-applying surface 26A.
Each tubular inside surface means 41A of each elongated reservoir
40A is in the form of an ink-absorbing surface and ink 34 in each
reservoir 40A is transferred through the passage means 25A in the
porous material 24A by capillary action and as previously described
in detail in connection with the roller 20. The plurality of
symmetrically arranged reservoirs 40A enable the provision of a
more precise control of the rate of flow of printing ink 34 from
the reservoirs 40A to the ink-applying surface 26A.
The roller 20A may be suitably filled with printing ink 34 by
applying a sealing material 36A to one end 35A thereof then fixing
an associated end closure 30A in position and filling each
reservoir 40A by pouring printing ink 34 therein with the roller
20A held substantially upright. However, it will be appreciated
that the roller 20A may be filled in a similar manner as described
in connection with the roller 20 wherein the completed roller 20
with its ends 35A sealed with sealing material 36A and with the end
closures 30A fixed in position may be submerged in a supply tank of
printing ink wherein the ink in the tank is pressurized causing ink
flow radially inwardly through the ink-applying surface 26A and the
passages 25A in the porous material 24A to fill the reservoirs
40A.
In this example of the invention the reservoirs 40A are shown
extending the full length of the roller 20A, are initially open at
both ends, and utilize a pair of end plates 30A to seal opposite
ends of the reservoirs 40A; however, it will be appreciated that
separate plugs such as plastic or rubber plugs, for example, may be
utilized to seal the opposite ends of each reservoir 40A.
Similarly, it may be desired to form each reservoir 40A in the form
of a blind hole, or the like, wherein one end thereof is defined by
a portion of the porous material 24A and a roller 20A of this type
would require a plug at only one end to thereby seal printing ink
34 within an elongated reservoir.
A modification of the roller 20A is illustrated in FIG. 6 of the
drawings and is very similar to the roller 20A; therefore, the
roller of FIG. 6 will also be designated by the reference numeral
20A. The roller 20A of FIG. 6 has cutout means in the form of
bleeder slots 44A provided in the porous material and comprising
inside surface means 41A of each elongated reservoir 40A.
In this modification the inside cylindrical surface means defining
each elongated reservoir 40A may be suitably sealed with the
fluid-impervious sealing material 36A which is also used to seal
the ends 35A and each slot 44A is defined by a V-shaped surface
46A. Each surface 46A may define the only ink-absorbing surface
through which ink may be transferred from an associated elongated
reservoir 40A to the ink-applying surface 26A and by controlling
the surface area defining each slot the ink flow rate is
effectively controlled.
The roller 20A with slots 44A may be manufactured by any suitable
technique and one technique would be to form the entire
configuration of the porous material 24A, and then dip the entire
roller 20A (with its outside surface means 26A masked) in the
sealing material 36A whereupon the ends of the roller 20A and the
inside surfaces would have the sealing material 36A applied
thereagainst. The V-shaped slots 44A may then be defined utilizing
a broaching tool which may have a plurality of broaching heads each
defining a slot 44A with its ink-absorbing surface 46A.
The notches or slots 44A may be formed in the roller 20A so as to
effectively utilize the action of centrifugal force to aid the
capillary action previously described to transfer printing ink 34
from the reservoirs 40A to the outer ink-applying surface 26A. One
or more slots 44A may be provided and it will be appreciated that
for a rotatable roller 26A the placement of such slots determines
the amount that centrifugal force will aid in the ink flow. For
example, the provision of a notch 44A on a diametral line so that
it interrupts the cylindrical surface 41A immediately adjacent the
center 27A of the roller 20A and as shown at 50A utilizes
centrifugal force a minimum amount in aiding the capillary action
which is utilized to transfer ink 34 to the ink-applying surface
26A. The provision of an elongated slot 44A on a diametral line
adjacent the surface 26A and as shown at 51A utilizes centrifugal
force a maximum amount to aid the normal capillary action to
transfer printing ink 34 to the ink-applying surface 26A. A notch
44A may also be provided at any point intermediate the locations
50A and 51A and as shown at 52A, for example, whereby centrifugal
force may thus be effectively utilized any desired amount depending
upon location of each slot 44A between locations 50A and 51A. In
the illustration of FIG. 6 a plurality of three slots 44A are shown
associating with each reservoir 40A and at locations 50A, 51A, and
52A in each instance. However, this has been done for convenience
and ease of presentation and it will be appreciated that for each
application the number and placement of slots 44A will vary and
will be determined by test.
Thus, it is seen that bleeder slots 44A may be effectively utilized
to provide a controlled flow rate of printing ink 34 to the
ink-applying surface 26A wherein such flow rate may be modified
after the porous material 24A for the roller 20A has been
completely manufactured, thereby enabling the utilization of a
given porous material with known physical characteristics with
different printing inks having different physical properties merely
by a simple operation of adding bleeder slots 44A. It will also be
appreciated that the bleeder slots 44A may be added under
conditions where the substantially cylindrical surface 41A of each
reservoir has not been sealed with sealing material whereby the
entire inside surface of each reservoir would define the
ink-absorbing surface.
It will also be appreciated that the bleeder slots similar to
bleeder slots 44A may also be formed in the porous material 24 of
the roller 20. Thus, the roller 20 may also be provided with a
degree of application versatility even after its reservoir 33 has
been completely defined.
Another exemplary embodiment of this invention is illustrated in
FIGS. 7 and 8 of the drawings. The roller illustrated in FIGS. 7
and 8 is very similar to the roller 20; therefore, such roller will
be designated generally by the reference numeral 20B and parts of
the roller 20B which are very similar to corresponding parts of the
roller 20 will be designated by the same numeral as in roller 20
followed by the letter designation B and not described again. Only
those component parts which are substantially different from
corresponding parts of the roller 20 will be designated by a new
numeral also followed by the letter designation B and described in
detail.
The roller 20B also has a right circular cylindrical ink-applying
surface 26B and inside ink-absorbing surface means shown as a
cylindrical ink-absorbing surface 32B. The roller 20B has a core
member 55B made of a fluid-impervious material such as metal or
plastic, for example, and the reservoir means in the roller 20B
comprises a plurality of reservoirs 56B shown as annular reservoirs
which are axially spaced along the axis 27B.
Each reservoir 56B contains printing ink 34 and is defined by
cooperating surfaces in both the porous material 24B and the core
member 55B. Each reservoir 56B in this example is defined by a
surface 60B in the member 55B of U-shaped cross-sectional
configuration or outline and a cooperating annular surface 61B
comprising a portion of the tubular surface 32B.
The reservoirs 56B may be varied as to depth, width, and spacing to
provide the desired transfer of printing ink 34 to the ink-applying
surface 26B essentially by capillary action and as previously
described in connection with the roller 20. Further, the reservoirs
56B may be filled with printing ink 34 in any suitable manner; for
example, such reservoirs may be filled by submerging the completed
roller 26B in a supply tank of printing ink 34 and subjecting the
printing ink in the tank to predetermined pressure to cause ink
flow radially inwardly through the porous material 24B to fill each
reservoir 56B.
In the detailed description of the exemplary roller 20A it was
explained that centrifugal force may be utilized to aid capillary
action through the porous material and provide flow of printing ink
34 to the ink-applying surface. It will be appreciated that
centrifugal force may also aid in the flow of printing ink in
rollers 20 and 20B.
The ink-applying surface of each roller 20, 20A, and 20B may be
suitably sealed with a sealer such as a plastic coating, or a
plastic sleeve, or the like, once the particular reservoir means of
the given roller has been filled with printing ink 34. The sealing
of the ink-applying surface protects such surface and also enables
transportation and storage for extended periods of time without the
likelihood of any tendency to lose the printing ink or cause hard
drying of such ink within the passage means of the particular
porous material. Each sealed ink-applying surface of a particular
roller may be removed by a precise machining operation such as a
precise grinding operation so that the passage means in the porous
material are effectively opened to allow transfer of ink 34
there-across in a manner described previously.
In this disclosure of the invention the porous material 24, 24A and
24B has been described as being a plastic porous material; however,
it will be appreciated that such porous material need not
necessarily be a plastic material but may be any suitable porous
material having passage means which enable transfer of printing ink
from an associated reservoir means to the associated ink-applying
surface thereof by capillary action. Further, the material selected
for the porous material is preferably an inexpensive material
whereby each roller of this invention may be discarded once its
integral supply of ink has been depleted. However, it will be
appreciated that the rollers 20, 20A and 20B may be refilled by
removing an end closure 30 and 30A and flowing ink therein in the
case of the rollers 20 and 20A or by reverse flow of ink through
the porous material in the case of rollers 20, 20A, and 20B and as
previously described.
The unique roller of this invention provides uniform inking, does
not require adjustment, and provides better performance than
conventional rollers. The transfer of ink 34 from the reservoir
means of each roller to its outer ink-applying surface is provided
by capillary action without the need for separate external vents of
the type required in many printing devices in current use. Further,
it has been found that the capillary action is sufficient to
transfer ink 34 through the porous material under conditions where
a vacuum as high as 20 inches of water and higher is present within
the reservoir means of a particular roller.
The printing member of this invention is shown in FIG. 1 as a right
circular cylindrical ink-applying surface and being used together
with a transfer roll and a printing cylinder; however, the printing
member may have any desired configuration for its ink-applying
surface. For example, the printing member may have a planar
ink-applying surface in the case of a stamping member.
The printing member of this invention has numerous applications and
may be used in all types of marking devices, check signers,
printing rollers, and the like.
Each exemplary roller presented in this specification is shown as
having end plates fixed to its opposite ends and each end plate has
a shaft portion extending outwardly therefrom. This type of showing
has been presented for simplicity; however, it should be understood
that each roller may have an elongated central shaft extending
completely therethrough with end plates or closures being fastened
to its opposite end portions in any known manner.
While present exemplary embodiments of this invention, and methods
of practicing the same, have been illustrated and described, it
will be recognized that this invention may be otherwise variously
embodied and practiced within the scope of the following
claims.
* * * * *