U.S. patent number 3,737,930 [Application Number 05/163,950] was granted by the patent office on 1973-06-12 for cushion structure.
Invention is credited to Lewis Oscar Smith, III.
United States Patent |
3,737,930 |
Smith, III |
June 12, 1973 |
CUSHION STRUCTURE
Abstract
An improved gel-type cushion structure comprising a
polyvinylchloride gel containing from approximately 6 to 14 parts
by weight of plasticizer for each part by weight of high molecular
weight polyvinylchloride resin. Preferably, the cushion structure
includes approximately 9 parts by weight of plasticizer for each
part by weight of high molecular weight polyvinylchloride resin
together with an effective amount of suitable vinyl
stabilizers.
Inventors: |
Smith, III; Lewis Oscar
(Dundee, IL) |
Family
ID: |
22592329 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/163,950 |
Filed: |
July 19, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
5/676; 524/297;
524/569; 5/654; 5/909; 524/314; 601/24 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A47C
27/085 (20130101); A61G 7/05738 (20130101); C08K
5/0016 (20130101); C08K 5/0016 (20130101); C08L
27/06 (20130101); Y10S 5/909 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A47C
27/08 (20060101); A61G 7/057 (20060101); C08K
5/00 (20060101); A47c 027/08 (); A47c 023/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;260/2.5,34.2,3.6R,31.6,31.8R ;5/348,348WB,345,355
;128/24,581,594 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: McCall; James T.
Assistant Examiner: Calvert; Andrew M.
Claims
I claim:
1. An improved cushion structure comprising a resiliently flexible
core of a polyvinylchloride gel containing from approximately 6 to
14 parts by weight of plasticizer for each part by weight of
polyvinylchloride resin.
2. The cushion structure of claim 1 wherein said polyvinylchloride
gel core contains approximately 9 parts by weight of plasticizer
for each part by weight of polyvinlychloride resin.
3. The cushion structure of claim 1 wherein said plasticizer is a
high molecular weight ester.
4. The cushion structure of claim 3 wherein said high molecular
weight plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of:
dioctyl phthalate; 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, diisobutyrate;
diisooctyl phthalate; tricrecylphosphate; butyl benzyl phthalate;
diisodecyl phthalate; and, mixtures thereof.
5. The cushion structure of claim 1 wherein said polyvinylchloride
resin is a high molecular weight type polyvinylchloride resin.
6. The cushion structure of claim 1 wherein said polyvinylchloride
gel also includes an effective amount of a vinyl stabilizer.
7. A composition suitable as a cushion core material consisting
essentially of a polyvinylchloride gel comprising a high molecular
weight ester plasticizer and a high molecular weight type
polyvinylchloride resin, wherein the plasticizer is present in an
amount of from 6 to 14 parts by weight per part by weight of said
resin.
Description
The present invention generally relates to improved gel-type seat
and body cushions, mattresses and the like. More particularly, this
invention is directed to cushions composed of a polyvinylchloride
gel.
The gel pads of the present invention are particularly suited for
use as wheelchair seat cushions and mattresses which are intended
for use by patients confined to wheelchairs or beds for substantial
periods of time. It is important to note, however, that these novel
gel pads also find advantageous utility in general body-support
cushioning applications such as, for example, automobile and
furniture cushions.
In the past, cushion structures of the so-called inner spring, foam
rubber, and pneumatic types have commonly been employed as seat
cushions and matresses. These devices have not met with complete
success, particularly with respect to applications wherein
prolonged confinement by the person using the same was present. One
of the reasons why these prior art structures have been generally
unsatisfactory in such uses is that they are not capable of
permiting unrestrained lateral movement of that part of the
patient's body which is adjacent the supporting surface. Such
unrestrained lateral movement is essential in order to prevent
damage to a patient's skin.
It is known that with bedridden patients and those confined to
wheelchairs, subjecting the skin of such individuals to constant
pressure tends to produce a breakdown which results in decubitus
ulcers, commonly known as bed sores. To prevent such decubitus
ulcers from forming, it is important to establish a reduction of
pressure over the localized areas of bony prominences since the
most acute cases of such decubitus ulcers occur where the bony
structure of the patient is close to the supporting surfaces, for
example, over the sacrum or ischial tuberosities, so that the
support of the patient tends to be concentrated in relatively small
pressure areas of the supporting surface.
Past efforts to solve these problems have generally involved using
the softest and/or most resilient materials available. In general,
however, the compressibility of these materials ultimately results
in the development of decubitus ulcers or bed sores with patients
requiring relatively long periods of confinement to a bed or
chair.
Recently, efforts to solve this problem have resulted in the
development of gel cushions composed of an organosiloxane gel
material of the type which is generally disclosed in U. S. Pat.
Nos. 3,308,491 and 3,548,420. These cushions, however, have not
been entirely satisfactory for a number of reasons, among which is
the fact that they are costly to produce, prone to tearing, and,
after prolonged periods of time, subject to deterioration.
The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the above
mentioned prior art cushioning materials by providing an improved
polyvinylchloride gel support structure or cushion which contains
from approximately six to 14 parts by weight of plasticizer for
each part of high molecular weight polyvinyl chloride resin. In a
preferred embodiment, the cushion includes approximately nine parts
plasticizer for each part of high molecular weight
polyvinylchloride resin and an effective amount of suitable vinyl
stabilizers. As such, the improved polyvinylchloride gel cushions
of the present invention are particularly suited for application in
all general cushioning applications and are particularly suited for
use by patients requiring long periods of confinement to a bed or
chair.
It is, therefore, an important object of the present invention to
provide an improved support structure which is particularly
suitable for use as a seat cushion or mattress.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved
support structure of a polyvinylchloride gel construction for a
human body whereby the support pressure can be substantially
uniformly distributed over a relatively large surface so that the
occurrence of decubitus ulcers is greatly reduced, if not totally
eliminated.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a gel-type
pad which is substantially less costly to produce than the
heretofore available organosiloxane gel-type cushions.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a gel-type
pad which is characterized by greater tear resistance than the
heretofore available organosiloxane gel-type cushions.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a gel-type
pad which does not evaporate, leak or change consistency with use
or during shelf storage.
These and other objects of the present invention will be apparent
from the following detailed description thereof, taken in
conjunction with the following drawing wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cushion made in accordance with
the present invention; and
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the cushion shown in FIG. 1
taken along the line 2--2.
Referring to the drawing, and with particular reference to FIG. 1,
the numeral 10 generally designates a covered cushion structure
embodying the present invention. As is shown, the covered cushion
structure 10 includes a closely fitting removable cover 11 which,
for example, can be composed of latex rubber, a suitable synthetic
elastomeric material or natural materials such as fawn or kid
leather. As shown, the cover 11 is provided with a closable access
slot 12 which, in the illustrated embodiment, includes a suitable
zipper closure.
Referring to FIG. 2, an inner stockinette 13, preferably composed
of wool, cotton or a synthetic material exhibiting characteristics
similar thereto, is provided in close fitting relationship to a
polyvinylchloride gel cushion core 14. Inner cover 13 is provided
with a slit type opening running along one edge thereof which can
include a plurality of snap fasteners 15 of conventional
construction. If desired, the cushion 10 can be provided with a
suitable cloth slip cover (not shown) which can be equipped with
handles for facilitating the transporting thereof. In this regard,
it is important to note, however, that the various cover members
shown and described in connection with the illustrated embodiment
of this invention are not essential thereto and that the novel
polyvinylchloride gel core 14 thereof can be advantageously
employed in other cushion applications which do not require these
particular cover members.
In accordance with the present invention, the polyvinylchloride gel
core is produced within critical composition limits and comprises a
high molecular weight polyvinylchloride resin, a plasticizer which
is principally a high molecular weight ester plasticizer and a
suitable heat stabilizer.
The following example describes, for illustrative purposes only, a
preferred embodiment of the polyvinylchloride gel core of the
present invention. As such, this example is not to be construed as
a limitation either with respect to the precise process steps
recited therein or with respect to the particular materials and
amounts thereof which are described. As used herein, all parts are
parts by weight, all ratios are ratios by weight, and all
temperatures are in degrees Fahrenheit.
EXAMPLE
A base mixture is prepared by admixing the ingredients set forth in
Table 1.
TABLE 1
1200 parts plasticizer [for example, dioctyl
phthalate-bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate] 18 parts epoxidized soy bean
oil 18 parts vinyl stabilizer [for example, tin SS'-bis(isooctyl
mercapto acetate)] 600 parts high molecular weight
polyvinylchloride resin
The ingredients listed in Table 1 were admixed for 15 minutes,
deaerated, and filtered into drums through a 30 mesh screen.
A commercially available composition which is highly satisfactory
for use as the plasticizer (dioctyl phthalate constituent)
identified above is available under the trademark KODAFLEX DOP
(trademark Eastman Chemical Products, Inc., a subsidiary of Eastman
Kodak Co.). Similarly, a suitable epoxidized soy bean oil which can
be advantageously used in the practice of the present invention is
commercially available under the trademark FLEXOL (trademark Union
Carbide Corporation). A suitable vinyl stabilizer of the type
described above is commercially available under the product name
ADVASTAB TN-188 from the Advance Division of Carlisle Chemical
Works, Inc. of New Brunswick, New Jersey. Similarly, a suitable
high molecular weight polyvinylchloride resin which can be used in
the manufacture of the gel pads of the present invention is
available under the trademark EXON 654 (trademark Firestone
Plastics Company, a division of Firestone Tire & Rubber
Company). This particular polyvinylchloride resin has the following
reported polymer properties.
TYPICAL POLYMER PROPERTIES
EXON 654 Relative Viscosity (1% in Cyclohexanone at 25.degree.C.)
2.65 Inherent Viscosity 1.16 (ASTM D-1243-66) Hot Melt Viscosity,
M-Kg 0.85 10 minutes at 174.degree.C (Firestone Control Test
C-157a) Specific Gravity 1.4 Brookfield Viscosity Range 50 to 70
(Firestone Control Test C-15e) Extrusion Rheometer Viscosity 100 to
150 Range 10 to 80 psig, poises (Firestone Control Test C-66b)
Ultimate Tensile Strength, psi (ASTM D-412), when fused at
120.degree.C. (248.degree.F.) 310 150.degree.C. (302.degree.F.) 820
180.degree.C. (356.degree.F.) 2380 210.degree.C. (410.degree.F.)
2550 Volume Resistivity, ohm-cm .times. 10.sup.8 At Room
Temperature 76 At 60.degree.C. 35 (ASTM D-257-66) ASTM
Classification (ASTM D-1755-66) D4-33
it will be appreciated by those skilled in this art that other high
molecular weight vinyl chloride resins may be suitably used in
place of, on in conjunction with, the EXON 654.
Approximately 130 parts of the Table 1 admixture is combined with
255 parts of the Table 1 plasticizer, dioctyl phthalate, and with
42.5 parts of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, diisobutyrate
(KODAFLEX TXIB, trademark Eastman Chemical Products, Inc., a
subsidiary of Eastman Kodak Company). These ingredients are admixed
at room temperature for approximately 10 minutes in high shear
condition. They are then charged to a mixing drum in the sequence
dioctyl phthalate, then 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol,
diisobutyrate, then the admixture of Table 1.
The resuling mixture is then heated until the temperature reaches
330.degree., which temperature is maintained until the resulting
mixture is poured. Initially, the viscosity is somewhat reduced in
the first stage of heating but thereafter the gel thickens and
becomes clear.
The thus heated mixture is then poured into a suitable Teflon lined
mold or a mold treated with a suitable equivalent release agent
which will prevent sticking of the finished polyvinylchloride gel
with the sides of the mold.
After cooling to approximately room temperature, the
polyvinylchloride gel core is preferably sprinkled with talcum
powder to facilitate handling during removal from the mold. The gel
is then peeled from the mold in a conventional manner and talcum
powder applied to the whole unit after it has been removed.
Thereafter, the pad can be stored for subsequent use as a seat
cushion in accordance with the teachings of the present
invention.
In the above described example, approximately 9 parts of
plasticizer were used for each part of high molecular weight
polyvinylchloride resin. In this regard, however, the
polyvinylchloride gel pad of the present invention can contain from
approximately 6 to 14 parts of plasticizer for each part of high
molecular weight polyvinylchloride resin.
The plasticizers which can be used in accordance with the present
invention are generally characterized as high molecular weight
esters and include, by way of example, dioctyl phthalate and
2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, diisobutyrate which are described
above, however, the 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, diisobutyrate
is not preferred for use by itself because of its relatively high
volatility. Nonetheless, when used in the quantities set forth
above, it imparts advantageous properties to the polyvinylchloride
gel pads of the present invention. Other useful plasticizers
include diisooctyl phthalate, tricrecylphosphate, butyl benzyl
phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate and the like. It is, of course,
known that the polyvinylchloride plasticizers are divided into two
general types, namely, monomeric and resinous. In the present
invention, the plasticizers are of the monomeric type, although as
shown in the above example, blends of resinous and monomeric
plasticizers can be advantageously employed.
Since polyvinylchloride dispersions are affected by heat,
stabilization of the polyvinylchloride gel used in the cushions of
the present invention is achieved by the addition of compounds
capable of reacting with hydrogen chloride as it is formed, to
prevent the development of an acid condition in the resin. The
state of the art relating to polyvinylchloride heat stabilization
is highly developed and inorganic oxides, salts of inorganic bases
with weak acids, complex organometallic compounds, and various
glycidal compounds are widely known and used as heat stabilizers
for polyvinyl chloride resins of the general type employed in the
present invention. Accordingly, any of these various other vinyl
stabilizers can be used in place of, or in conjunction with, the
organo tin compound used in the example set forth above.
In the foregoing specification, a preferred embodiment of the
present invention has been disclosed for illustrative purposes. It
will be recognized by those skilled in this art, however, that
various modifications can be made therefrom without departing from
the spirit of the present invention. Accordingly, this invention
still is to be limited in scope only by the appended claims.
* * * * *