U.S. patent number 3,736,899 [Application Number 05/193,350] was granted by the patent office on 1973-06-05 for pressure change indicator.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company. Invention is credited to Wendell J. Manske.
United States Patent |
3,736,899 |
Manske |
June 5, 1973 |
PRESSURE CHANGE INDICATOR
Abstract
The disclosed closure device for a hermetically sealable
container has a flexible panel which is drawn inward in response to
a vacuum within the container, and which pops outward when pressure
in the container is restored; the outward movement of the flexible
panel is made very dramatic by virtue of a contrasting color
appearing on the top of the closure. The color is preferably
provided by reflection from the flexible panel. The reflection
occurs when visible light strikes the colored undersurface of a
disc-like member attached to the flexible panel.
Inventors: |
Manske; Wendell J. (St. Paul,
MN) |
Assignee: |
Minnesota Mining &
Manufacturing Company (St. Paul, MN)
|
Family
ID: |
22713291 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/193,350 |
Filed: |
October 28, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
116/270; 73/52;
220/DIG.16; 426/87; 428/913; 215/230; 220/624; 426/232 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
79/005 (20130101); G01L 19/12 (20130101); G01L
7/02 (20130101); Y10S 428/913 (20130101); Y10S
220/16 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G01L
19/00 (20060101); G01L 7/02 (20060101); G01L
19/12 (20060101); B65D 79/00 (20060101); G01l
019/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;116/70,114,114V
;73/40,49.2,52 ;215/37,38,42,44,40,56 ;220/44,66,DIG.16 ;206/47
;99/192 ;101/470 ;117/122H |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Capozi; Louis J.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A closure device for a hermetically sealable container, said
closure device comprising:
a flexible panel constructed and arranged to move inwardly and
outwardly with respect to the interior of the container in response
to changes in pressure within the container and to assume a
relatively outward position in response to at least atmospheric
pressure inside the container and to assume a relatively inward
position when the pressure inside the container is relatively
lower, and
a color concealing and revealing member exterior to said container
having a portion of a major surface thereof attached to said
flexible panel, said major surface being sufficiently conformed to
the shape of said flexible panel to conceal at least that portion
of the flexible panel underlying the outer periphery of said major
surface when the flexible panel is in the relatively inward
position but not sufficiently conformed to the shape of the
flexible panel to conceal said portion of the flexible panel when
the flexible panel is in the relatively outward position, thereby
revealing a contrasting color visible on said portion of the
flexible panel only when the flexible panel is in the outward
position.
2. A closure according to claim 1 wherein the contrasting color
visible on said portion of the flexible panel is provided by a
colored coating on said portion.
3. A closure according to claim 1 wherein said color is provided by
a color on said major surface of said color revealing and
concealing member, said color becoming visible when the flexible
panel is in said relatively outward position by means of a
reflection from the said flexible panel.
4. A closure according to claim 3 wherein said portion of said
flexible panel is capable of reflecting at least 50 percent of the
visible light falling upon it.
5. A closure according to claim 3 wherein said portion of said
flexible panel is capable of reflecting at least 65 percent of the
visible light falling upon it.
6. A closure according to claim 1 wherein said color concealing and
revealing member is attached to said flexible panel with an
adhesive.
7. A closure according to claim 3 wherein said color concealing and
revealing member is attached to said flexible panel with an
adhesive.
8. A closure according to claim 7 wherein said adhesive is
heat-activatible and is contained in a pigmented coating on said
major surface of said color revealing and concealing member.
9. A closure according to claim 1 wherein said color visible on
said portion of the flexible panel results from an irreversible
heat-activated color change.
10. A closure for a hermetically sealed container, said closure
being adapted to provide at least a visual indication of pressure
changes within said container, said closure comprising:
a top panel and an integral peripheral skirt with means on said
skirt for engaging said container and holding the undersurface of
said closure in sealed relation over the mouth of said container,
said top panel comprising a peripheral portion which is in the
plane of the top of the closure and a movable center portion
capable of flexing in response to changes in pressure, said movable
center portion being constructed and arranged to assume a position
above the plane of the top of the closure when the pressure inside
the container is at least atmospheric and to assume a position
below the plane of the top of the closure when said pressure is
subatmospheric, at least the movable center portion of said top
panel being capable of reflecting at least 50 percent of the light
falling upon it, and
a button-like member having a colored undersurface, the color of
said colored undersurface contrasting with the color of said
movable center portion, a portion of said colored undersurface
being attached to the upper surface of said movable center portion,
the area of said colored undersurface being substantially
coextensive with the area of said movable center portion, the shape
of said colored undersurface being substantially conformed to the
shape of said movable center portion only when said movable center
portion is below the plane of the top of the closure, whereby the
color of said colored undersurface becomes visible by reflection
from said movable center portion when said movable center portion
is above the plane of the top of the closure but is concealed when
the movable center portion is below said plane.
11. A hermetically sealed container comprising:
a flexible panel constructed and arranged to move inwardly and
outwardly with respect to the interior of the container in response
to changes in pressure within the container and to assume a
relatively outward position in response to at least atmospheric
pressure inside the container and to assume a relatively inward
position when the pressure inside the container is relatively
lower, and
a color concealing and revealing member exterior to said container
having a portion of a major surface thereof attached to said
flexible panel, said major surface being sufficiently conformed to
the shape of said flexible panel to conceal at least that portion
of the flexible panel underlying the outer periphery of said major
surface when the flexible panel is in the relatively inward
position but not sufficiently conformed to the shape of the
flexible panel to conceal said portion of the flexible panel when
the flexible panel is in the relatively outward position, thereby
revealing a contrasting color visible on said portion of the
flexible panel only when the flexible panel is in the outward
position.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to a sealed container of the type
used for keeping foodstuffs or the like in a well preserved
condition until the seal on the container is broken by removing a
closure over the mouth of the container. Typically, the foodstuff
or other perishable product is preserved with the aid of a vacuum
within the container. An aspect of this invention relates to a
closure device adapted to provide a dramatic visual indication of a
loss of vacuum or other pressure change within the container.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
It is common practice in the food industry to provide a vacuum
within food jars or containers and to hermetically seal the
container with a closure that has a vacuum indicator feature,
permitting shippers, sellers, and users of the container to
ascertain any inadvertent loss of vacuum in the container prior to
use. It is well known that loss of vacuum in the container can
permit the food or other perishable product to become a breeding
ground for disease-causing bacteria. Closures have been designed
for these food containers which provide an audible clicking or
popping sound when the hermetic seal is broken. A further aspect of
these prior art closures involves a change of position of a
flexible top panel which is integral with the closure. Typically,
the panel is deflected or flexed inwardly when the vacuum is still
present in the container, but is flexed outwardly upon leakage of
air into the container. Several examples of container lids or caps
with this loss of vacuum indicating feature appear in the patent
literature, e.g.: U.S. Pats. No. 2,040,798 (Schoonmaker), issued
May 12, 1936; No. 2,027,430 (Hansen), issued Jan. 14, 1936; No.
2,130,180 (Evans), issued Sept. 13, 1938; No. 2,296,848 (Gueffroy),
issued Sept. 29, 1942; No. 2,458,360 (Fay et al.), issued Jan. 4,
1949; No. 3,062,396 (Foss et al.), issued Nov. 6, 1962; No.
3,152,711 (Mumford et al.) issued Oct. 13, 1964; and No. 3,160,302
(Chaplin), issued Dec. 8, 1964.
A problem with all of these prior art devices is that the
indication provided by the flexible panel or the like is not
sufficiently dramatic to warn an unsophisticated user that the
contents of the container may be unsanitary. For example, the
clicking or popping sound may not be heard above a high level of
background noise, or the user may forget whether or not he has
heard the sound. Even more serious, the user may not be aware that
the lack of a click or pop indicates that the contents of the
container may be subject to contamination or spoilage. The visual
indication provided by the prior art closures is perhaps even less
dramatic than the aforementioned sound indication. Typically, the
center of a prior art closure travels about 40 mils (about 1 mm)
when pressure is restored in the container. This small amount of
travel, changing the center of the lid from a slightly concave
surface to a slightly convex surface, may easily be overlooked. In
view of the importance of the loss of vacuum within the container,
a more dramatic means for warning of the possibility of unsanitary
spoilage is needed.
A more noticeable visible change in response to a relatively
drastic pressure increase may occur by virtue of a rupture or
disengagement of a pressure-sensitive member, as in the closures
described in U.S. Pats. No. 2,126,212 (Richards), issued Aug. 9,
1938, and No. 2,326,771 (Eidson), issued Aug. 17, 1943. However,
these closures, unlike the flexible panel type, do not provide a
reliable indication of a loss of vacuum inside the container.
Color changes have been used in the packaging art to indicate the
temperature or humidity conditions inside the package. These color
changes may be provided either by the movement of a color-coded,
relatively complicated mechanical device or by a reversible or
irreversible chemical reaction. Apparently, no simple means has
been devised for providing a color change upon loss of vacuum or
other pressure change within a package or container, at least with
respect to the types of hermetically sealed food containers
illustrated in the aforementioned patent literature.
Accordingly, this invention contemplates an improvement upon the
conventional loss-of-vacuum indicating closure whereby the
indication is made more dramatic by virtue of a color appearing on
the closure. This invention also contemplates an improved closure
which also irreversibly indicates the heat history of the contents
of the container.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Briefly, this invention involves providing a closure device for a
hermetically sealable container, which closure device has the
conventional flexible panel capable of moving outward in response
to an increase in pressure within the container and, attached to
this flexible panel, a color-concealing and -revealing member,
preferably a disc-like element which covers up all or most of the
flexible panel when the panel is flexed inward, but provides a gap
around the periphery of the panel when it is flexed outward. This
gap reveals a highly-visible or contrasting color, which is seen on
the flexible panel either by means of a color on the panel itself
or a color on the underside of the disc-like member which is
reflected from the panel. When the mechanism or revelation involves
reflection, the panel should be a reflective surface. A light
color, such as white, capable of reflecting at least 50 percent of
the visible light falling upon it, is adequate; but a reflectance
of at least 65 percent, preferably at least 90 percent, provides
the most dramatic color indication.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
This invention can be more clearly understood by referring to the
accompanying drawing, wherein:
FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a closure means of
this invention in place over the mouth of a container wherein the
interior of the container is under vacuum;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 1 illustrating the
position of the elements in FIG. 1 upon loss of vacuum within the
container, the movement of elements being exaggerated for purposes
of illustration;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view in perspective of the closure
illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIGS. 1 and 2 showing
an alternate embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is an exploded view in perspective of the closure
illustrated in FIG. 4; and
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a closure, illustrating another
alternative embodiment of this invention.
In FIGS. 1-3, like reference numerals denote like elements. The
same is true of FIGS. 4 and 5.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the Drawing, the hermetically sealed container 10 shown in FIGS.
1 and 2 consists essentially of a jar 11 and a closure 13 engaging
the mouth of jar 11. Closure 13 has a substantially planar top
panel 15 integral with the peripheral skirt engaging the mouth of
jar 11. In the center of top panel 15 is a flexible center panel or
portion 17 substantially in the plane of top panel 15 but capable
of moving or flexing below this plane (i.e. inwardly or toward the
interior of jar 11) or above the plane (i.e. outwardly or away from
the interior), depending on the pressure exerted upon the flexible
or movable portion 17.
As is conventional in the art, the periphery 16 of the flexible
portion 17 is designed to permit this upward or downward movement.
When the pressure inside jar 11 is atmospheric or grater, flexible
portion 17 assumes the substantially dome-shaped or convex
configuration shown in FIG. 2. When the interior pressure in jar 11
is subatmospheric (or, in any event, lower than the interior
pressure prevailing in FIG. 2), flexible portion 17 assumes a
somewhat concave or flat configuration, as in FIG. 1. Top panel 15
and flexible portion 17 preferably consist of a shiny metal such as
aluminum, tin plate, steel, or the like. Alternatively, a plastic
metallized on its upper surface can be used. In any event, flexible
portion 17, particularly periphery 16 preferably is capable of
reflecting more than 50 percent of the visible light falling upon
it; suitable metals or metallized surfaces reflect at least 65
percent and ordinarily>90 percent of incident visible light.
Attached to flexible portion 17 is a thin disc or button 19 which
fits tightly over flexible portion 17 (including periphery 16) when
flexible portion 17 is flexed inwardly as in FIG. 1. However, since
disc 19 is attached to flexible portion 17 only at center area 23
(FIG. 3), and since the configuration of disc 19 does not conform
sufficiently to flexible portion 17 when portion 17 is flexed
outwardly (FIG. 2), a gap develops at least between periphery 16 of
portion 17 and periphery 16' of disc 19 when the outward position
illustrated in FIG. 2 occurs.
From FIG. 3, it can be seen that undersurface 21 of disc 19 is a
bright color (in this case red), which strongly contrasts with the
metal surface of top panel 15. As shown in FIG. 2, light strikes
undersurface 21 when flexible portion 17 is in the outward
position, and a red reflection is clearly evident all around
periphery 16 of portion 17. Thus, a red color warning of loss of
vacuum or other pressure change inside jar 11 can easily be seen
from almost any angle ranging from 0.degree. relative to the plane
of top panel 15 to almost 90.degree. relative to this plane.
Disc 19 can be attached to portion 17 of top panel 15 in any
suitable manner including mechanical fastening means such as rivets
or, preferably, pressure, heat, or solvent-activated adhesive or
other adhesive bonding means. The preferred adhesive bonding means
is a coating of heat-activated adhesive on undersurface 21. When
disc 19 is placed on portion 17 during manufacture of closure 13,
portion 17 is in the position shown in FIG. 2, and only area 23
(FIG. 3) of portion 17 is in contact with disc 19. Heat (and
preferably pressure) is then applied to disc 19 which activates the
adhesive and bonds the disc 19 and portion 17 together only at area
23. The adhesive provides bonding only in the contact area (area
23) and is an essentially non-tacky material before and after heat
activation in the area outside of area 23. The preferred class of
heat-activatible adhesives is the thermoplastic
epoxide-vinyl-nitrile rubber type described in U.S. Pat. No.
3,516,852 (Janssen et al.), issued June 23, 1970. An example of
this class of adhesives comprises an epichlorohydrin-bisphenol A
copolymer, a partially hydrolyzed vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate
copolymer, and a butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber. This adhesive can
provide a strong bond, but just in case the disc 19 becomes
detached from portion 17, area 23 is colored red to indicate that
the complete closure device, including loss of vacuum indicator, is
no longer intact. For convenience of manufacture, undersurface 21
can be color coated and adhesive-coated in one operation by using a
heat-activatible adhesive composition containing a red pigment or
the like. Alternatively, disc 19 can be made of pigmented plastic
(instead of metal as shown in FIGS. 1-3), so that undersurface 21
will be colored. It is preferred, in this case, to metallize the
top surface of disc 19 to make the color change more easily
visible.
In an optional feature of this invention, the color coating on
undersurface 21 can be obtained by heat-activating a color-forming
chemical composition such as a dithiooxamide derivative and a
nickel salt admixed in a fusible wax matrix or a similar chemical
composition. See U.S. Pat. No. 3,280,735 (Clark et al.), issued
Oct. 25, 1966. Compositions which irreversibly change color with
heat are a known means for indicating the heat history of an
article, e.g. whether it has been sterilized. See U.S. Pat. No.
2,606,654 (Davis et al.), issued Aug. 12, 1952. Thus, the color
coating could be used to indicate both a loss of vacuum and the
presence or lack of prior sterilization of the contents of jar 11.
The heat history indicator could also be used in addition to (i.e.
not combined with) the loss of vacuum color indicator anywhere on
jar 11, e.g. on the top surface of disc 19 or top panel 15. The
sterilization indicator can be selected so as to change from, for
example, red to colorless or grey so that the consumer will know
not to use jar 11 if a red color appears in either of two specified
places on closure 13.
FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate an alternative embodiment of the invention
wherein a colored undersurface 51 of disc 49 becomes visible in a
manner similar to that illustrated in FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 5,
an adhesive is applied to area 55 of flexible portion 47 such that
disc 49 pops up at an angle when portion 47 is in the outward
position. This angled position of disc 49 further accentuates the
visibility of colored under surface 51.
FIG. 6 illustrates a less preferred embodiment of the invention.
For convenience of illustration, the disc element (corresponding to
disc 49 of FIGS. 4 and 5, or disc 19 of FIGS. 1-3) is not shown.
The closure 60 of FIG. 6 has a top panel 65 and a flexible portion
67, as in the previously described embodiments. However, almost the
entire area of portion 67 is provided with a color (in this case
red) which strongly contrasts with the relatively colorless
remainder of top panel 65. When the disc pops up (as in FIGS. 2 or
4 of the other embodiments), the color on portion 67 is
revealed.
Surprisingly, the embodiment of FIG. 6, which provides a direct red
image upon loss of vacuum in the jar, is considerably less dramatic
in its indicating effect as compared to the effect illustrated in
FIGS. 2 and 4. The reflection of the red color off of a shiny
surface seems to be more noticeable than the color itself.
Furthermore, in FIG. 6 the disc (not shown) must be in register
with flexible portion 67; otherwise, some of the red color might
show even if the contents of the jar (not shown) were still
properly under vacuum. In the preferred embodiments, which involve
reflection from undersurface 21 or 51, the disc 19 or 49 could be
somewhat out of register with portion 17 or 47, respectively, and
the invention would still operate in the manner intended. A
possible additional reason for the superiority of the preferred
embodiments is that virtually all of the periphery 16 or 46 shows
the reflected contrasting color when disc 19 or 49 is in the
outward position (FIGS. 2 and 4, respectively), but periphery 66 in
FIG. 6 can have the contrasting color on only about half of its
area in order to insure against a false indication caused by even
the most minimal misregister of the disc and the colored area of
flexible portion 67.
Throughout this description of the Drawing, it is to be understood
that the "color" on undersurface 21 or 51 or portion 67 is a
contrasting color; i.e., some form of coloration or pigmentation
which contrasts with a background which can be colorless or some
color different from the "contrasting color." Thus, against a
silvery or colorless background (on the top panel and/or flexible
portion) even black or white would be a "contrasting color."
Against a white or pale yellow background, even black or brown
would still provide a good contrast. Since it is preferred, in all
embodiments, that the background (top panel 65 of FIG. 6 or
periphery 16 or 46 of FIGS. 1-5) be colorless or silvery or a very
light color such as white or pale yellow, it is therefore preferred
that portion 67 (FIG. 6) or the undersurface of the disc (FIGS.
1-5) be colored a dark, bright color such as red, blue, green, or
the like. Optionally, fluorescent materials can be added to this
bright coloration.
It is also permissible to have colored printing (i.e. brand names,
instructions, etc.) on the top panel, provided this printing does
not interfere with the color indicating effect.
The skilled technician will readily appreciate that the contents of
a hermetically sealed container of this invention can be preserved
under superatmospheric pressure provided by a biologically inert
gas or other substantially oxygen-free atmosphere (e.g. nitrogen,
helium, argon, propane, butane, carbon dioxide, etc.). In this case
the invention can be adapted to operate in a converse manner:
presence of the proper packing pressure would be indicated by the
color on the top panel, while leakage, hence the potential for
spoilage, would cause disappearance of the color. For obvious
reasons, this pressure-packing concept is less preferred;
furthermore, the indication upon loss of the packing pressure would
not be so dramatic.
The preferred vacuum packing procedure for foodstuffs is well known
in the art and is illustrated in the previously cited Chaplin and
Mumford et al patents, but it is also permissible to provide a
container with a pressure-change indicator attached to a
permanently integral flexible panel rather than to a closure device
as described previously.
* * * * *