U.S. patent number 3,736,591 [Application Number 05/186,154] was granted by the patent office on 1973-05-29 for receiving antenna for miniature radio receiver.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Motorola, Inc.. Invention is credited to Larry W. Rennels, William J. Wilson.
United States Patent |
3,736,591 |
Rennels , et al. |
May 29, 1973 |
RECEIVING ANTENNA FOR MINIATURE RADIO RECEIVER
Abstract
Receiving antenna for miniature radio receiver formed by
conducting U-shaped member having substantially parallel elongated
arms which form sides of the housing of the receiver and a
connecting portion which forms one end of the housing. When the
receiver is in the normal position for use, the arms are positioned
vertically with the connecting portion at the top, and the U-shaped
member acts as an inductive loop antenna to detect the H-field of
the electro-magnetic wave. A reactance network, which is capacitive
in the frequency range of interest, is connected to the open ends
of the arms. The reactance network can be adjustable to tune the
antenna for various frequencies, the antenna having been found
suitable for use in the frequency range from 148 to 173
megacycles.
Inventors: |
Rennels; Larry W. (Margate,
FL), Wilson; William J. (Chicago, IL) |
Assignee: |
Motorola, Inc. (Franklin Park,
IL)
|
Family
ID: |
72138315 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/186,154 |
Filed: |
October 4, 1971 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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85429 |
Oct 30, 1970 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
343/702; 343/718;
343/748; 455/193.1; 455/290; 455/351 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01Q
1/243 (20130101); H01Q 1/273 (20130101); H01Q
7/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01Q
1/24 (20060101); H01q 001/24 () |
Field of
Search: |
;343/702,718,748
;325/354,352 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lieberman; Eli
Parent Case Text
This application relates generally to antennas for miniature radio
receivers, and more particularly to an antenna formed by part of
the radio receiver housing. This application is a
continuation-in-part of co-pending application Ser. No. 85,429,
filed Oct. 30, 1970, now abandoned.
Claims
We claim:
1. An antenna for a miniature radio receiver adapted to be carried
on a person including in combination, a flat conductive member
formed in a U-shaped configuration having first and second
elongated substantially parallel arms and a portion connecting said
arms, said arms having a length substantially greater than that of
said connecting portion, said conductive member forming a part of
the housing of the receiver with said arms extending substantially
vertical in the normal position of the receiver, and reactance
means coupled to the ends of said arms opposite to said connecting
portion, said reactance means presenting a capacitive reactance
across said conductive member.
2. The antenna of claim 1 wherein said U-shaped conductive member
forms an inductive loop antenna.
3. The antenna of claim 2 wherein said reactance means is
adjustable to select the value of said capacitive reactance to tune
said conductive member for reception of the H-field of an
electro-magnetic wave.
4. The antenna of claim 1 wherein said reactance means includes an
inductor and a pair of series connected capacitors connected in
parallel with said inductor, said inductor having end terminals and
an intermediate terminal, with one end terminal and said
intermediate terminal being connected to said arms of said
conductive member, and an output conductor connected to the
junction of said capacitors.
5. The antenna of claim 4 wherein said inductor is variable for
tuning said reactance means, and said one end terminal connected to
said arm of said conductive member is connected to the ground
potential of the receiver.
6. The antenna of claim 1 wherein said reactance means includes a
plurality of parallel branches connected between said ends of said
arms, one of said branches including a capacitor and another branch
including a variable inductor for tuning the antenna for reception
of waves of a particular frequency.
7. The antenna of claim 6 wherein said reactance means includes a
parallel branch having a diode rendered conductive in response to a
received wave which exceeds a predetermined strength.
8. An antenna for a miniature radio receiver adapted to be carried
on a person with one side thereof in proximity to the person,
including in combination, a flat conducting member formed in a
U-shaped configuration having first and second elongated
substantially parallel conducting arms and a conducting portion
connecting said arms, said member forming a part of the housing of
the receiver with said arms constituting at least parts of the
opposite sides and said conducting portion constituting at least
part of the top of the housing, said arms of said U-shaped
conducting member extending vertically in the normal position of
the receiver with one of said arms in proximity to the person, and
reactance means coupled to the ends of said arms opposite to said
connecting portion for deriving signals therefrom.
9. The antenna of claim 8 including spring biased contact means
engaging said arms at the ends thereof opposite to said conducting
portion for making electrical connections between said arms and
said reactance network.
10. The antenna of claim 9 wherein said contact means engaging said
one arm is connected to ground potential of the receiver.
11. The antenna of claim 10 wherein said reactance means includes
an inductor and a pair of series connected capacitors connected in
parallel with said inductor, said inductor having an end terminal
connected to said contact means connected to said arm forming part
of said one side of the housing and an intermediate terminal
connected to said arm forming part of the opposite side of the
housing.
12. The antenna of claim 11 wherein said inductor is variable to
control the tuning of said reactance means and is adjusted so that
the reactance means presents a capacitive reactance across said
ends of said arms.
13. The antenna of claim 10 wherein said reactance means includes a
plurality of parallel branches connected between said ends of said
arms, with one branch including a capacitor, a second branch
including an adjustable inductor and a third branch including a
pair of series connected capacitors.
14. The antenna of claim 13 wherein one of said parallel branches
includes rectifier means selectively rendered conductive in
response to a received wave above a predetermined strength.
15. The antenna of claim 8 wherein said reactance means is tuned so
that said U-shaped conducting member forms a loop antenna for
receiving the H-field of an electro-magnetic wave of a particular
frequency.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Miniature radio receivers are used in many applications such as for
personal paging or for receiving broadcast transmissions for
entertainment purposes. There is a problem in providing an antenna
for such a receiver which does not increase the size of the
receiver, and which provides effective signal pick-up of
frequencies extending from the order of one magahertz up to
frequencies of 500 megahertz or more. Ferrite rod antennas have
been used, but these antennas take up substantial space and have
the disadvantage that they are highly directional. This is
objectionable for an antenna that is to be used with a receiver
worn on the body, as the effectiveness of the antenna depends upon
the position of the person wearing the same.
The provision of an antenna which is external to the receiver is
also objectionable, particularly when the antenna is to be worn on
the body of the user. Such an antenna increases the effective size
of the receiver, and detracts from the appearance thereof. It has
been proposed to use a part of the housing of the receiver for the
antenna, but a satisfactory arrangement has not previously been
provided, especially for use at frequencies under 200
megahertz.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to provide an improved receiving
antenna for a miniature radio receiver.
Another object of the invention is to provide an antenna for a
radio receiver to be worn on the body of the user which provides
effective signal pick-up and which has no projecting parts
extending outside the receiver housing.
A further object of the invention is to provide an antenna for a
miniature receiver which does not contribute substantially to the
size of the receiver.
A still further object of the invention is to provide a receiving
antenna for a miniature receiver wherein a part of the housing
forms the wave receiving antenna member.
The antenna of the invention is formed by a flat metal cover formed
into a U-shape and which also serves as two opposite sides and one
end, or parts thereof, of the housing for a miniature receiver. In
the normal position of the receiver, when worn on the body of the
user, the two elongated arms extend vertically, with the connecting
portion at the top. Connected to the open (bottom) ends of the arms
is a reactance network which applies a capacitive reactance across
the open ends of the cover so that the conducting cover forms an
antenna which detects the H-field of the electro-magnetic wave to
be received. Electrically, the antenna forms an inductive loop and
the H-field is intercepted by the metal arms which form the loop.
The reactance network is tunable to adjust the antenna for
reception at a particular frequency, and has been used effectively
in the frequency range between 148 and 174 megahertz. The signal
pick-up of the antenna in free space is somewhat better at the
front and at the back, than at the sides. When worn on the body,
the pick-up becomes less directional. The cover may be removable to
provide access to batteries within the housing, and also to permit
removal of the receiver chassis therein for maintenance.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates a receiver having an antenna in accordance with
the invention carried in the pocket of the shirt of the user;
FIG. 2 illustrates the receiver housing cover member which forms an
antenna, and the connections thereto;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the electrical circuit of the
antenna; and
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the antenna with a different
reactance network coupled thereto.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In FIG. 1 there is shown a person carrying a paging receiver 10
with an antenna in accordance with the invention, with the receiver
carried in the shirt pocket of the user. The receiver has a clip 12
on the front side for holding the receiver so it will not fall out
of the pocket if the person stoops over or moves suddenly. The
receiver has a housing including a part 14 which is molded of
plastic material and forms the main support for the components for
the receiver, and also a part of the walls of the housing. A cover
16 slides over the molded plastic member 14 and forms a large
portion of the front, back and top walls of the housing. This cover
is formed of a flat sheet of conductive metal which has been formed
in the shape of a U having elongated arms 18 and 19 and a top
connecting portion 20.
The cover 16 may be slid with respect to the plastic part 14 to
provide access to batteries within the receiver housing. The cover
may be completely removed from the plastic part to give access to
the chassis of the receiver and/or to permit disassembly of the
receiver, as to remove the chassis. The structure of the molded
part 14 and the co-operation therewith of the cover 16 is described
in co-pending application Ser. No. 65,453 of Thomas R. Hutchinson
and Edward J. Caper, filed Aug. 20, 1970.
The cover portion 16 is shown disassembled from the receiver in
FIG. 2. The conducting arms 18 and 19 which form the transmission
line may have a length of about 4.3 inches and a width of about 1
inch. The connecting portion 20 is continuous with the arms and
thus has a width of about one inch, and has a dimension between the
two arms 18 and 19 of about 0.6 inch.
As shown in FIG. 2, the molded plastic member 14 has spring biased
gold plated contacts 22 and 23 which engage the inside surfaces of
the arms 18 and 19, at the ends thereof remote from the connecting
portion 20. These spring biased contacts make good electrical
contact with the arms of the conducting cover 16.
FIG. 3 illustrates the connections of the cover 16 to the receiver
circuit. As previously stated, connection is made to the arm 18 of
the cover by contact 22. This contact is connected to the reference
ground of the receiver chassis. The other arm 19 is connected by
contact 23 to a reactance circuit which includes inductor 25 and
capacitors 26 and 27. The contact 23 is connected to an
intermediate tap on the inductor 25. The inductor 25 may have a
movable core to control the inductance thereof. The circuit
including coil 25 and capacitors 26 and 27 is adjusted to be
capacitive at the frequency of operation, so that the connections
to the cover 16 in effect connects a capacitor across the open end
thereof. The signal picked up by the antenna is derived from the
reactance network at the common connection between capacitors 26
and 27, and may be coupled to the base electrode of transistor 30
which functions as a radio frequency amplifier. This is merely
representative of various circuits for utilizing the received
signal.
As shown in FIG. 3, the arm 18 of the conducting cover 16 at the
back side of the receiver is connected to ground. When the receiver
is carried in the pocket of the person using the same (FIG. 1),
this grounded arm is adjacent the body of the person. The H-field
of the electro-magnetic wave to which the antenna is subjected
induces current in the inductive loop formed by the U-shaped
conducting member 16. Although the structure shown has the
connecting portion 20 between the arms 18 and 19 at the top, the
antenna will operate just as effectively with the conducting
portion which shorts the transmission line at the bottom.
FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the reactance circuit which may
be used with the antenna. The lower end of conducting arm 18 of the
U-shaped conducting member 16 is connected to ground by spring
contact 22. The end of conducting arm 19 is connected by contact 23
to a reactance circuit having a plurality of inductor parallel
branches connected to ground. The first branch includes variable
inductor 32 connected in series with capacitor 33. The inductor 32
can be adjusted for operation of the antenna at the desired
frequency. Capacitor 33 is provided so that the inductor can be of
a value to provide the required tuning range. The second branch
includes capacitor 35 which is selected for the particular band of
frequencies involved. A capacitor of one value can be used for the
frequency range from 148 to 154 megahertz, a second value for the
range from 154 to 160 megahertz, and so forth. The third branch
includes a diode 36 which is conducting on extremely strong signals
to protect the receiver circuit. The fourth branch includes
capacitors 38 and 39 connected in series.
The signal across the parallel reactance circuit is coupled by
capacitor 40 to radio frequency amplifier 42, which may include
transistors or other semiconductor devices. The diode 36 prevents
application of strong signals thereto which might damage the
devices. The junction between capacitors 38 and 39 is connected
through choke 44 to battery 45. The battery is connected through
switch 48 to terminal 50 to energize the receiver circuit. Terminal
43 can be used to apply charging current to the battery, and also
forms a 50 ohm input to the radio receiver, which can be used for
testing purposes.
The antenna as described has been shown to operate satisfactorily
over the frequency range from 148 to 174 megahertz, being tunable
to the specific frequencies involved by adjustment of the inductor
25. The antenna has also been found to operate effectively at other
frequencies above and below the range specified. The antenna of the
invention has been found to have a response in free space which is
somewhat greater for signals from the front and from the back. This
directional action is less pronounced when the pager is worn on the
body, and in such case the antenna has an effective response in all
directions. This is desired in a paging receiver in order to
receive signals when the person is facing in any direction.
* * * * *