U.S. patent number 3,735,710 [Application Number 05/119,738] was granted by the patent office on 1973-05-29 for transportation system.
Invention is credited to Jack Hickman.
United States Patent |
3,735,710 |
Hickman |
May 29, 1973 |
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
Abstract
A transportation system, providing a vehicle having two opposite
side walls, each side wall being formed with an
outwardly-projecting drive rail, a plurality of
electrically-operated rotatable drive wheels being arranged to
frictionally engage the undersides of both of the drive rails, for
advancement of the vehicle.
Inventors: |
Hickman; Jack (Carmichael,
CA) |
Family
ID: |
22386066 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/119,738 |
Filed: |
March 1, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
104/168;
104/130.04; 104/20 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B61B
13/127 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B61B
13/12 (20060101); B61b 013/12 (); B61b 013/10 ();
B61b 013/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;104/168,18,20,138,131
;198/127R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hoffman; Drayton E.
Claims
I claim:
1. A transportation system comprising
a vehicle having two opposite side walls, each of said side walls
being formed with outwardly-projecting drive rails disposed
longitudinally at the same elevation thereon and having a pair of
parallel flat lower surfaces, each of said drive rails having an
underside adapted for frictional engagement by drive wheels for the
support and advancement of said vehicle,
a plurality of rotatable drive wheels aligned in a pair of rows
close enough spaced so that at least a plurality of drive wheels
are always in contact with the drive rails of said vehicle to form
a track, said wheels adapted to provide frictional and supporting
engagement of the undersides of both of said drive rails, for
advancement of said vehicle when rotated, said drive wheels
including flanges at the rear or outermost edges thereof forming a
plurality of guide members adapted to engage and contain the
outermost edges of said drive rails if a vehicle moves from the
center of the track, and
electrically-operated means for rotating said drive wheels.
2. A transportation system in accordance with claim 1, said vehicle
being of a base section and a superstructure, said drive rails
being substantially horizontal and coplanar and secured to said
base section and extending substantially the full length
thereof.
3. A transportation system in accordance with claim 2, said base
section comprising a bottom and a fixed side portion, said bottom
portion being removable from fixed side portion, said removable
bottom portion serving as a pallet for transfer of freight to and
from the fixed portion, said removable bottom portion becoming an
integral part of the fixed portion when the vehicle is in
transit.
4. A transportation system in accordance with claim 2, wherein the
bottom portion of said base section and the top portion of said
superstructure are equipped with power operated doors for loading
and discharge of bulk materials.
5. A transportation system in accordance with claim 2, wherein said
base section includes a pressure vessel.
6. A transportation system in accordance with claim 2, a portion of
said superstructure being movable with respect to said base
section, said movable portion serving as a door for said
vehicle.
7. A transportation system in accordance with claim 6, said base
section being equipped with at least one seat for a passenger and a
step to assist in entering or leaving the vehicle.
8. A transportation system in accordance with claim 1, a series of
pairs of said drive wheels being provided, the drive wheels of each
pair having substantially co-axial positions.
9. A transportation system in accordance with claim 1, said
rotating means including a synchronously operated drive motor for
each drive wheel.
10. A transportation system in accordance with claim 1, switch
means being provided for transferring said vehicle from a fixed
drive area of a particular vertical elevation to a fixed drive area
of a different vertical elevation.
11. The transportation system of claim 10 wherein said switch means
includes a further plurality of rotatable drive wheels disposed in
a similar track relationship but vertically disposed with respect
to said previous plurality of drive wheels forming a ramped track,
and a switch module for raising and lowering one or more drive
wheels in synchronous series to advance said vehicle smoothly onto
and off of said ramped track.
12. A transportation system in accordance with claim 1, wherein
said vehicle includes at least one bumper with a coupling means
mounted in said bumper.
13. A transportation system in accordance with claim 1, a plurality
of signal strips being cooperative with electrically-operated means
for controlling advancement of said vehicle.
14. A transportation system, comprising a vehicle constructed of a
base section and a superstructure, a flat, plate-like collar being
integral with the uppermost portion of said base section and
extending substantially parallel to a bottom wall of said vehicle,
said collar providing two laterally-projecting drive rails, the
underside of each of said drive rails being provided with a
covering adapted for frictional engagement by drive wheels for the
advancement of said vehicle, a series of pairs of rotatable drive
wheels being provided, the drive wheels of each pair having
substantially co-axial positions and being adapted to frictionally
engage said drive rail undersides, respectively, a plurality of
guide members of circular shape being mounted adjacent said drive
wheels, respectively, said guide members being adapted to contact
the respective outermost edges of said drive rails for maintenance
of said vehicle on a predetermined course, a synchronously-operated
drive motor being provided for rotating each of said drive wheels,
switch means being provided for change of elevation of said course,
a plurality of signal strips being mounted on a side wall portion
of said vehicle and being cooperative with electrically-operated
means for controlling advancement of said vehicle.
15. A transportation system in accordance with claim 14, wherein at
least ten vehicles are coupled together to form a train and said
switch means is capable of changing the elevations of the course of
said train.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to transportation systems. More
specifically, the invention relates to a land transportation
system, designed for the movement of either people or freight.
It has been conventional, in the prior art, to utilize land
transportation systems, which include vehicles for the transporting
of people or freight. Thus, there have been commonly employed for
such transportation purposes, the railroad train, utilizing a steam
locomotive, or a Diesel locomotive; and traveling along a set of
railroad tracks. Also employed for such land transportation
purposes has been the motor vehicle, utilizing a gasoline engine,
or a Diesel engine; and traveling along a system of highways.
The known land transportation systems have presented numerous
disadvantages with respect to their use. Thus, as one such
disadvantage, all present systems utilize vehicles carrying
on-board propulsion devices which add considerable weight to the
vehicles. Furthermore, the vehicles of these systems usually carry
wheels, brakes, articulating suspensions, and various other devices
for steering or guiding the vehicles. These items are all subject
to mechanical failure and all add additional, undesired weight to
the vehicle.
Other disadvantages include the fact that present systems usually
carry heavy loads (passenger or freight) at relatively infrequent
or peak intervals. Supporting roadbeds must be relatively massive
as well as expensive to handle these heavy loads. The wheel/roadbed
adhesion of vehicles traveling over the present systems vary widely
with environment. Therefore, wind, sand, rain, ice, snow or other
elements can radically change the adhesion thereby causing
accidents or mishaps affecting large numbers of people and
vehicles. This may result in the loss of time, the expenditure of
large sums of money, and in many cases serious injury or even
death. Moreover, the present systems are usually run on very tight
schedules which may be easily disrupted or modified by outside
circumstances, such as accidents, etc. A passenger missing one of
the schedule runs of the present systems, or delayed in transit
will materially increase the time required to reach his
destination.
As has become more evident in recent years, present systems expose
passengers to overcrowding and the possibility of danger or harm
from fellow passengers. Such encounters have proved to be critical
on occasion and present systems offer no plausible solution to this
serious problem.
The known vehicles for land transportation purposes have presented
still further disadvantages. Such disadvantages has inhered in the
fact that the known vehicles have usually required constant human
attention, with resultant inflexibility in respect of both routing
and scheduling operations.
Furthermore, the known vehicles for land transportation purposes
contribute greatly to the growing problems of air and noise
pollution by emissions from the engines driving these vehicles.
The present land transportation systems offer little opportunity
for overcoming the above-listed disadvantages. Most proposed
changes involve little more than reducing the tolerances in roadbed
and wheel dimensions and the elimination of grade crossings with
computer scheduling.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a transportation system, which
system employs a vehicle having two opposite side walls, the side
walls being formed with two outwardly-projecting drive rails,
respectively, each of the drive rails having an underside adapted
for frictional engagement by drive wheels for the advancement of
the vehicle. The transportation system of the invention also
employs a plurality of rotatable drive wheels, adapted, when
rotated, to provide frictional engagement of the undersides of both
of the drive rails, for advancement of the vehicle. The
transportation system of the invention further provides
electrically-operated means for rotating the drive wheels.
The transportation system of the present invention, in its
employment, serves to overcome the above-discussed disadvantages
existing in the prior art, with respect to the known land
transportation systems. The transportation system of the invention
provides for the land transportation of people or freight without
the attendant air and noise pollution problems associated with
known land transportation systems. At the same time, the
transportation system of the invention is of comparatively low cost
with respect to its production, its operation, and its maintenance.
In addition, the transportation system of the invention, in its
utilization, provides a high degree of safety. Furthermore, the
transportation system of the invention is automatically operated
and offers the advantage of good flexibility, with respect to both
the routing and the scheduling of the vehicles employed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The advantages of the present invention will become apparent to one
skilled in the art, from the following description, when read in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a portion of a land transportation
system, constructed in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 is an end-elevational view of a vehicle employed in the
transportation system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a side-elevational view of the vehicle of FIG. 2, one of
the sliding door portions thereof being shown, diagrammatically, in
an open position;
FIG. 4 is a side-elevational view of a portion of a transportation
system constructed in accordance with the invention, being partly
broken away and employing a vehicle of modified construction;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view, taken along the lines 5--5 of
FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a top plan view of the transportation system of FIGS. 4
and 5;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged end-elevational view of a drive wheel and
associated motor housing, employed in the transportation system of
the invention, a support beam for such drive wheel and housing
being shown in cross-section;
FIG. 8 is a side-elevational view of the drive wheel, housing, and
support beam of FIG. 7, being partly broken away;
FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic view, illustrating one employment of a
switching system wherein adjacent pairs of switches are operable in
vertical directions for switching individual vehicles traveling at
moderate rates of speed in converging or diverging directions from
one level to another, in the transportation system of the
invention;
FIG. 10 is a view similar to FIG. 9, but illustrating another
employment of the switching system shown;
FIG. 11 is a top plan view of a switch mechanism employed in the
switching system of FIGS. 9 and 10, a support beam therefor being
shown, broken away;
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view, taken along the lines 12--12 of
FIG. 11, a portion of a vehicle in switching position being shown
in side elevation;
FIG. 13 is an end-elevational view of the switch mechanism of FIGS.
11 and 12, a portion of the support beam for such mechanism being
shown in cross-section, and a portion of the vehicle in switching
position also being shown in cross-section;
FIG. 14 is a view similar to FIG. 12, but illustrating a changed
position of the switch mechanism;
FIG. 15 is a view similar to FIG. 13, but illustrating the
switching mechanism in the position of FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 is an enlarged fragmentary side elevation of a wall portion
of a vehicle employed in the transportation system of the
invention.;
FIG. 17 is a diagrammatic view illustrating employment of a
switching system for high speed trains of ten or more coupled cars,
wherein all the switch modules are operated simultaneously as a
group to form the high speed switch configuration while the train
is some distance away;
FIG. 17A shows the switching system of FIG. 17 with the high speed
train being switched;
FIG. 18 is a side view of a vehicle employed in the transportation
system for hauling miscellaneous freight;
FIG. 18A is a top view of the vehicle of FIG. 18;
FIG. 18B is an end view of the vehicle of FIG. 18;
FIG. 19 is a side view of a vehicle employed for hauling bulk
materials;
FIG. 19A is a top view of the vehicle of FIG. 19;
FIG. 19B is an end view of the vehicle of FIG. 19;
FIG. 20 is a side view of a vehicle employed for hauling
liquids;
FIG. 20A is a top view of the vehicle of FIG. 20; and
FIG. 20B is an end view of the vehicle of FIG. 20.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to the drawings, and particularly to FIG. 1, there is
shown a portion of a transportation system 20, designed in
accordance with the invention. The system 20 includes a vehicle 22,
having a base section 24 and a superstructure 26.
The base section 24 is constructed of a rigid material, such as
e.g., a metal, or reinforced fiberglass. The base section 24
provides a bottom wall 28; opposite side walls 30, 32; and opposite
end walls 34, 36 (See also FIGS. 2 and 3). The base section 24 is
open at the top 38 thereof.
When the vehicle is to be used for freight only the basic shell
including the base and superstructure are used. However, when the
vehicle is to be used for passengers, two chairs 40, 42, each
preferably capable of holding a single passenger, are provided on
the bottom wall 28 of the base section 24. Similarly mounted within
the base section 24 is a step 44, for use by passengers in entering
or exiting the vehicle.
The base section 24 further includes an outwardly-projecting collar
or flange 46 mounted thereon. The collar 46 is secured to the base
section 24, being preferably constructed of steel; and surrounds
the open top 38. The collar 46 provides two oppositely-positioned
drive rails 48, 50, which project from the side walls 30, 32,
respectively. The collar 46 further provides a pair of guard rails
52, 54, which project from the end walls 34, 36, respectively.
The drive rails 48, 50 are each in the form of a flat plate, being
of the same predetermined size. The drive rails 48, 50 lie in a
common plane, which extends substantially parallel to the bottom
wall 28 of the base section 24. Each of the drive rails 48, 50
extends for substantially the full length of the base section
24.
If desired, a covering, formed of plasticized rubber, is secured by
means of a conventional adhesive, to each of the respective
undersides 56, 58 of the drive rails 48, 50.
The superstructure 26 is formed of two portions 64, 66. In the
preferred embodiment shown, the portion 64 is made fixed and the
portion 66 mounted relatively slidable thereto. The fixed portion
64 is secured to the base section 24, in conventional manner, for
the closure of the open top 38, adjacent the end wall 34. The
slidable portion 66 of the superstructure 26 is mounted on the base
section 24, in conventional manner, for sliding movement between
the position thereof shown in FIG. 1; and the position thereof
shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3. The fixed portion 64 is
constructed of an end wall 68; opposite side wall portions 70, 72;
and a top wall portion 74. Secured in conventional manner to the
wall portions 70, 72 and 74 is a window 76. The slidable portion 66
similarly provides an end wall 78; opposite side wall portions 80
and 82; a top wall portion 84; and a window 86.
The vehicle employed in the system of the invention may be of
modified structure. Thus, for example, a vehicle 22', capable of
carrying several passengers may be employed (see FIG. 4). The
vehicle 22' is constructed of a base section 24', being of
comparatively great length; and a comparatively long superstructure
26'.
The base section 24' is formed of a bottom wall 28'; opposite side
walls 30' and 32'; and opposite end walls 34', 36'. (See FIG. 5.)
The base section 24' is open at the top 38' thereof. Integral with
the base section 24' is a collar 46', providing two
oppositely-positioned guide rails 48', 50'; and two
oppositely-positioned guard rails 52', 54'. (See also FIG. 6.) The
width of the collar 46' is equal to the width of the collar 46.
The superstructure 26' is formed of a centrally located portion 88,
which is slidably mounted on the base section 24'; a rearward end
portion 90, fixedly secured to the base section 24'; and a forward
end portion 92, fixedly secured to the base section 24'.
The end portion 90 is formed of an end wall 94; opposite side walls
96, 98; and a top wall 100. The side walls 96, 98 are provided with
two windows 102 (one being seen), respectively.
The central portion 88 is formed of opposite side walls 104, 106;
and a top wall 108 which are capable of riding over the end
portions. The side walls 104, 106 are provided with two windows 110
(one being seen), respectively.
The end portion 92 is formed of an end wall 112; opposite side
walls 114, 116; and a top wall 118. The side walls 114, 116 are
provided with two windows 120 (one being seen), respectively.
The base section 24' may be further provided with a bumper or
cushioning means 121 at either or both ends thereof to protect the
vehicle 22' if it comes into contact with a further vehicle or an
obstruction. Coupling means, as for example, magnetic couplers 123
may be provided within the bumper means. This coupling means allows
a plurality of cars to be attached together for transportation of
large quantities of cars, goods or people at high speeds and is
especially useful for carrying same between distant points.
The transportation system 20 provides means for the automatic
advancement of a vehicle or a plurality of vehicles. Such
advancement means include a plurality of rotatable drive wheels
122. As seen most clearly in FIG. 6, the drive wheels 122 are
arranged in two parallel series 124, 126. The arrangement of the
two series 124, 126 is such that a succession of pairs of drive
wheels 122, having substantially coaxial positions, is provided.
The drive wheels 122 of each such pair are spaced apart a
sufficient distance for the reception therebetween of the vehicle
22, or the vehicle 22'; and for the engagement, respectively of the
undersides 56, 58 of the drive rails 48, 50; or of the undersides
56', 58' of the drive rails 48', 50'. The pairs of drive wheels 122
are so spaced apart, that a plurality of drive wheels 122
simultaneously engage each of the drive rails undersides 56, 58; or
drive rails undersides 56', 58'. Thus, in the embodiments shown,
such simultaneous engagement by four drive wheels 122 is provided
for the vehicle 22; and such simultaneous engagement by five drive
wheels 122 is provided for the vehicle 22'.
Each of the drive wheels 122 is of cylindrical form (see also FIG.
7 and FIG. 8). Each drive wheel 122 is constructed of a
comparatively rigid material, such as, e.g., cast iron or steel. If
deemed necessary, the circumferential surface 128 thereof, may be
provided with a covering of plasticized rubber.
An electric motor (not shown), being of synchronous type, and being
mounted in a cylindrical housing 130, is provided for the rotation
of each of the drive wheels 122. A suitable control system (not
shown) is provided, for the automatic operation of such motors.
Mounted on each of the drive wheels 122, and at the rearward face
132 thereof, is a guide member 134. Each of the guide members 134
is in the form of a vertically extending circular plate or
flange.
The two guide members 134 associated with each pair of
oppositely-positioned drive wheels 122 are positioned apart a
distance slightly greater than the width of the collar 46, or the
collar 46'.
The transportation system 20 includes means for support of the two
parallel series 124, 126 of drive wheels 122 in respective
positions of elevation from the ground. Such support means include
a plurality of transversely-extending I-beams 136. Mounted on the
I-beams 136 are two sets of longitudinally-extending support
girders 138, 140. Mounted in conventional manner on the two sets of
support girders 138, 140 are two sets of longitudinally-extending
shield members 142, 144.
Each of the motor housings 130 is supported on a mounting member
146, providing a curved support surface 148, and being bolted to
one of the support girders 138, 140. A collar 150, mounted on each
housing 130, serves, at the opposite end portions 152, 154 thereof,
to secure the housing 130 to respectively associated mounting
member 146. Each of the shield members 142, 144 serves to shield a
plurality of the motor housings 130.
The transportation system 20 includes a switching station 156 (see
FIG. 9). At the switching station 156, the vehicle 22, or the
vehicle 22', can be automatically directed from a fixed drive area
of a particular level 158, to a fixed drive area 160, for transfer
to a lower level. A similar switching station 156' is provided (see
FIG. 10), for direction from a fixed drive area 158', to a fixed
drive area 160', for transfer to a higher level.
The switching stations 156 or 156' are especially useful for
switching single vehicles traveling at moderate rates of speed in
converging or diverging directions from one level to another.
A plurality of switch modules operable as pairs in a vertical
direction, such as the switch module 162 illustrated in FIGS.
11-15, may be employed. The switch module 162 provides a mounting
plate 164, which is bolted to a girder 140; and a support pad 166,
secured in conventional manner to the mounting plate 164. The top
surface 168 of the support pad 166 is provided with a concave
curvature. The pad 166 is designed, at the top surface 168, to
support one of the motor housings 130, and in the manner shown in
FIG. 12.
The motor housing 130, at the module 162, is supported between the
respective inner end portions 170, 172 of a pair of positioning
levers 174, 176. The respective outer end portions 178, 180 of the
levers 174, 176 are secured to a cylinder 182. The cylinder 182 is
pivotably mounted on a pair of vertically-extending support plates
184, 186, which are secured to the mounting plate 164.
The angular position of the levers 174, 176 is adjusted, by means
of an adjustment mechanism 188. The mechanism 188 includes a
hydraulically, or pneumatically, operated control cylinder 190. The
cylinder 190 is pivotably mounted at the outer end 192 thereof,
between two support plates 194, 196, secured to the mounting plate
164. In its operation, the control cylinder 190 serves to
reciprocate a rod 198 which at its outer end supports a mounting
element 200 of U-shaped cross-section. The element 200 bears a
pivot pin 202.
Pivotably secured to the pivot pin 202 are the respective inner
ends 204, 206 of two positioning bars 208, 210. The bars 208, 210,
at their respective outer ends 212 (one being seen), are pivotably
mounted on a support member 214, secured to the mounting plate 164,
adjacent the support pad 166.
Also pivotably secured to the pivot pin 202, and intermediate the
bars 208, 210 is the inner end 216 of a positioning bar 218. The
bar 218, at its outer end 220, is pivotably secured to a support
member 222, mounted on a connector bar 224, which inter-connects
the levers 174, 176.
The control cylinder 190, in the operation thereof, serves to
reciprocate the rod 198, for consequent movement of the bars 208,
210, and 218, to move the levers 174, 176, as between the two
vertical position thereof shown in FIGS. 12 and 14, respectively.
The associated motor housing 130 is consequently raised or lowered,
for adjustment of the level of the associated drive wheel 122 to
thereby allow a car to be switched. Electronic devices (not shown)
preclude interference between approaching vehicles coming in either
direction.
Referring to FIG. 16, there are shown a plurality of brush strips
226, which are mounted on the side wall 32 of the base section 24
of the vehicle 22. These brush strips may be of different lengths
and are preferably arranged as shown, i.e., the top three strips
226' are solid and arranged so as to extend the entire length of
the car and may, if considered to be suitable, extend the full
length on both sides of the base section. The lower strips, as
shown, are preferably broken and may also be placed on both sides
of the base section. The brush strips may be made from brass or
copper for receiving electrical signals as part of the control
system employed for the operation of the vehicle 22. Or, these
strips may be fabricated from light strips for utilization with
photoelectric devices.
In the operation of the transportation system 20 for advancement of
the vehicle 22, the latter is supported, at each of the drive rails
48, 50 by four drive wheels 122. When the control system is put
into operation to rotate the drive wheels 122, the vehicle 22 is
caused to advance. The vehicle 22 is thus advanced along the course
defined by the two parallel series 124, 126 of the drive wheels
122. At the same time, the guide members 134, by contacting the
outermost edges of the guide rails 48, 50 serve to maintain the
vehicle 22 centered on such course.
When the vehicle 22 reaches a switching station 156, or a switching
station 156', the associated switch modules 162 may be
automatically operated, preferably in pairs, for transferral of the
vehicle 22 to an upper or lower vertical level.
Referring now to FIGS. 17 and 17A, there is shown in diagrammatic
form the employment of a further switching system to be used with
high speed trains having a plurality of coupled cars 22, preferably
ten or more. As shown, all switch modules in switching station 228
are operated simultaneously as a group to form the high speed
switch configuration while the train is some distance away.
At the switching station 228, the train of ten or more vehicles 22,
held together by magnetic couplings, is automatically directed from
a fixed drive level 229 to a further fixed drive area or level
230.
A plurality of separate switch modules, such as the switch modules
162, are combined into the switching station 228, whereby all of
the modules 162 are operated simultaneously, as a group, to switch
the train of cars 22 onto a connecting spur 231.
In order that a high speed train traveling in either direction
along the fixed drive areas 229 and 230 may continue along the
drive level or be switched, the connecting spur 231 is provided, at
one end thereof, with a plurality of reduced diameter drive wheels
232 adjacent one of the fixed drive levels, while the other of the
fixed drive levels is provided with a further plurality of reduced
diameter drive wheels 232 after the switching station located
thereon. In the preferred embodiment shown in FIGS. 17 and 17A, the
reduced diameter drive wheels 232 are provided at the end of the
spur adjacent the fixed drive level 229 to allow clearance for a
train continuing along the level 229 and to insure smooth
transition of a train when switched. The upper fixed drive level
230 is provided with a further plurality of reduced diameter drive
wheels 232 after the switching station 228 to insure passage of a
train along the level 230 or a smooth transition to or from the
spur 231.
FIGS. 18, 18A and 18B show a preferred embodiment of a vehicle 22"
for hauling miscellaneous freight. The vehicle 22" is constructed
of a base section 24", and a superstructure 26". The base section
24" is similar in construction with the base section 24 and 24' of
the vehicles 22 and 22', while the superstructure 26" differs
slightly from the superstructure 26 and 26', and is preferably of
one piece construction having a recessed top 234 having bumpers 236
extending across the ends 238, 240 thereof. The bumpers are
provided with coupling means, such as the magnetic couplings 242
shown, for attachment to further vehicles.
FIGS. 19, 19A and 19B show a vehicle 22'" which is a further
modification of the vehicle of FIG. 18, employed for hauling bulk
materials. The base section 24'" and the superstructure 26'" are
similar to the base section and superstructure shown in FIGS. 18,
18A and 18B, except that the top of the superstructure 26'" and the
bottom of the base section 24'" are provided with a pair of hopper
doors 244, 246 for loading and unloading bulk materials. As shown
more clearly in FIG. 19B, each of the separate doors 248, 250, 252,
254 is rotatably attached to its respective section by hinge pins
256. Each of the pair of hopper doors 244, 246 is separately
operable by means of separate hydraulic cylinders 258, 260 attached
thereto. When operated, by any suitable means (not shown), the
hydraulic cylinders 258, 260 swing the doors 248, 250, 252, 254 to
the open position shown in phantom line, for loading or unloading
the vehicle.
A further modified vehicle 22"" for hauling gases and liquids, is
shown in FIGS. 20, 20A and 20B. The vehicle 22"" is provided with a
base section 262 supporting a pressure vessel 264 on a wall 265
secured therein. A superstructure 266 is provided over the top of
the pressure vessel 264. The pressure vessel is provided with
bottom and top filling sections with only the bottom section 268
being shown in phantom lines.
The bottom filling section 268 extends through a hole 269 formed in
the bottom of the supporting wall 265 and is provided with a flange
270 secured thereto in any suitable manner, such as by welding. The
flange 270 has a removable cover plate 272 sealingly attached
thereto to prevent the leakage of any gas or liquid held within the
pressure vessel.
The base section 262 is preferably formed with an opening in the
bottom portion thereof, whereby a hose or other unloading means may
be connected to the flange 270 of the pressure vessel for
unloading. A ground strip 273 is provided on the base section 262
for safety.
The superstructure 266 is provided with integral bumper means 274,
276 formed at both ends thereof. Each of the bumpers holds a
magnetic coupling means 242 for connection to a further vehicle. A
circular flanged portion 278 is secured to the superstructure 266
and surrounds the top filling section (not shown) to enable the
pressure vessel to be filled with a gas or liquid. A cover plate
280 is removably secured to a flange 282 secured to the circular
portion 278, by means, for example, of bolts passing through holes
284 formed in the cover plate and flange, to enable the filling
part to be sealed.
One of the major advantages of the transportation system of the
present invention lies in the fact that the electric propulsion
motors employed to advance the vehicles are stationary and do not
travel with the vehicles. Furthermore, the wheels, brakes,
suspension devices, and guidance system are also stationary and do
not travel with the vehicle. This brings about a substantial
reduction in the weight and complication of the vehicle thereby
minimizing the cost of the vehicle and reducing the energy required
to drive the vehicle.
The small size, light weight, and high travel frequency of the
vehicles of the present invention provide the same total (gross)
capacity as existing systems and accomplishes the same task with
much lighter roadbeds, bridges, and other related structures.
The instant arrangement of stationary drive wheels, coacting with
drive rails secured to the vehicle of the invention offers maximum
protection from adverse environmental conditions. With this
arrangement adhesion coefficients will remain uniform during
adverse conditions.
The system of the invention will transport small numbers of
passengers at frequent intervals. The vehicles may be dispatched
automatically as space becomes available and there are no schedules
to miss. Travel time between two stations should be predictably
constant regardless of load density conditions. Furthermore,
passengers may have a private car and uninvited encounters with
other passengers in transit will not occur.
The system of the invention emits no pollutants, is extremely quiet
and offers unlimited opportunities for expansion and development
into fully automated freight and passenger distribution systems.
Freight may be moved automatically at off-peak hours for a
substantial reduction of urban truck traffic and vehicles of the
invention are readily adapted for container type distribution
systems. The vehicles of the invention could be used as containers,
for instant and automatic distribution, while thefts in transit
will be thwarted by automatic control of the system. The comfort,
safety, and economics of the passenger are more assured by
utilization of the present invention than by any known form of land
transportation. Furthermore, the opportunity to further increase
this assurance is present. The system can be easily installed so as
to operate above or below ground at less cost, greater capacity,
and more convenience than any known system.
Although the invention has been described with respect to a
particular embodiment thereof, it will be understood that various
changes and modifications may be made therein without departing
from the spirit of the invention or from the scope of the appended
claims.
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